Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the role of apolipoprotein D (ApoD) in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). MethodsThe expression of ApoD protein in renal cystic tissues of ADPKD patients was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis. Western blotting analysis and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of ApoD protein and mRNA in the renal tissues of Han:SPRD rats. The cystic lining immortalized epithelial cells (WT9-12 cells) of ADPKD were stimulated with human recombinant ApoD protein and their proliferation was examined by MTT assay; flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. ResultsImmunohistochemisty and Western blotting analysis showed that ApoD expression was significantly lower in the renal tissues of ADPKD patients than that in healthy controls, and that in the Han:SPRD cy/+ rats was significantly lower than that in the Han:SPRD +/+ rats (P<0.05, P<0.01). ApoD mRNA expression in the kidneys of Han: SPRD cy/+ rats of 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks old was significantly lower than that of Han: SPRD +/+ rats of same ages (P<0.05). Recombinant ApoD protein at 100, 200, and 400 ng/ml inhibited the proliferation of WT9-12 cells by 8.21%, 7.59% and 8.07% after 48 h stimulation (P<0.05), and by 8.62%, 6.43% and 9.42% after 72 h stimulation, respectively (P<0.05). Treatment with 400 ng/ml human recombinant ApoD protein for 72 h increased G1 phase WT9-12 cells by 8.26% and decreased S phase cells by 8.09% (P<0.05), but it had no significant effect on cell apoptosis. ConclusionApoD may inhibit WT9-12 cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle, and decreased ApoD expression may participate in the pathogenesis of ADPKD.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effects of sophoridine on cardiac function and myocardial ultrastructure of rats with myocardial infarction. MethodsThe SD rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) was obtained by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and the model rats were randomly divided into model group (rats with MI), low-dose group (5 mg/kg sophoridine), middle-dose group (10 mg/kg sophoridine), and high-dose group (20 mg/kg sophoridine); a sham operated group was also included. Each group had 10 rats. The elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ±dp/dtmax and heart mass/body mass (HM/BM) were determined after experiment, and the changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscope. ResultsCompared with the sham operated group, ±dp/dtmax in MI group was significantly decreased, and LVEDP and HM/BM were remarkably increased (all P<0.01). Compared with MI group, ±dp/dtmax in the 3 sophoridine groups were significantly increased, and LVEDP and HM/BM were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), except for -dp/dtmax in the low-dose sophoridine group. Transmission electron microscope found that the myofilaments of myocardial cells in the sham operated group were well arranged, with normal mitochondria. The myofilaments were dissolved in MI rats, with swollen mitochondria and blurred cristae, showing distinct pathological changes. There was a slight improvement in myofilament dissolution in the low-dose sophoridine group, and the myofilament dissolution disappeared in the middle- and high-dose group, with well arranged myofilaments. ConclusionSophoridine can improve the cardiac function of MI rats, and has protective effects on ultrastructure of myocardial cells.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the screening method for granulocytes with cancer killing activity (CKA) and to observe their in vitro antitumor effects. Methods(1) Anticoagulated peripheral whole blood samples were collected from 21 healthy volunteers and were cocultured with human lung cancer cell line A549.The proliferation activity of cancer cells was observed to screen granulocytes with CKA. (2) The screened granulocytes with CKA was used to treat various tumor cells, CCK8 method was used to examine the vitality of tumor cells, and the cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin ⅤFITC Apoptosis Detection Kit Ⅱ. (3) The cancer cells were cocultured using direct contact, Transwell and conditioned medium, and the effects of the three methods on the antitumor effect of CKA granulocytes were observed. Results(1) Six granulocyte clones showed noticeable inhibitory effect against A549 cells, and clone 3 had the most potent effect and was marked as CKA granulocyte. (2) The screened CKA granulocytes not only had noticeable inhibitory effects against A549, HepG2 and HeLa cells, but also promoted their apoptosis. (3)The order of the inhibitory efficiencies for the three culture methods from strong to weak was: direct contact > Transwell >conditioned medium. Conclusion CKA granulocytes have noticeable inhibitory effect against some cancer cells, which might be associated with their contact mode with the cancer cells.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the promoter methylation status of Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) and adenomatosis polyposis coli promoter (APC) and its association with prostate cancer (PCa), so as to pave a way for early diagnosis of Pca.MethodsThe prostatic tissues and clinical data were collected from 60 patients with prostate cancer and 40 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. Bisulphite Sequencing PCR was used to detect the promoter CpG methylation of RASSF1A and APC genes.ResultsThe methylation rates of promoter CG sites of RASSF1A and APC genes in Pca group were significantly higher whan those in the BPH group (RASSF1A: 60.8% vs 14%; APC: 48.84% vs 1.19%, P＜0.05). The methylation rates in RASSF1A and APC genes were significantly associated with PSA, Gleason score, pathologic stage and risk classification of PCa (P<0.01). Combined detection of methylation status of RASSF1A and APC genes yielded a sensitivity of 95.74% and a specificity of 82.90% in differential diagnosis of PCa and BPH.ConclusionThe promoter methylation of RASSF1A and APC genes are associated with the development and progression of PCa, and the changes of methylation rate is closely associated with risk classification of PCa. Combined detection of methylation in RASSF1A and APC genes may be a promising method for early diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the inhibitory effects of pseudolaric acid B (PAB) on the proliferation of rat glioma C6 cells in vivo and in vitro. MethodsMTT assay was used to examine the inhibitory effect of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 8, and 16 μg/ml PAB on C6 cells; the distribution of cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. C6 cells were injected subcutaneously to establish glioma-bearing rat model and the tumor volume was measured. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected immunohistochemically in the implanted glioma. ResultsIn vitro results showed that PAB inhibited C6 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC50 being 0.03 μg/ml. It also arrested the cells in G2/M phase. In vivo results showed that the tumor size of PAB group was decreased compared with the control group; moreover, PCNA expression was also decreased by PAB. ConclusionPAB can inhibit rat glioma C6 cell growth, which might be associated with cell arrest in G2/M phase and down-regulation of PCNA expression.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of tissue necrosis following injection of hyaluronic acid. MethodsTwenty New Zealand white rabbits (40 ears) were used to establish ear complex tissue flap models with blood supply only from the central pair of artery and vein by ligating the anterior pair and other branches. Then the animal models were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group A, B and C were injected with 0.2 ml hyaluronic acid into the periphery of the root portion of the central artery, central vein and central artery, respectively; Group D received cutting and ligation of the central artery (control group). The visual findings, microcirculation changes, skin temperature and percutaneous oxygen saturation were examined at 1, 7, and 14 days after injection. The animals were sacrificed on the 14th day and the ears were studied pathologically. ResultsAll the groups showed different degrees of tissue ischemia. In Group A and D the skin temperature and oxygen saturation were not significantly different before and after injection of hyaluronic acid. The skin temperature and oxygen saturation were decreased one day after injection in Group B, and they gradually increased thereafter (P<0.05). All the ears in Group A, B and D survived. The skin temperature and oxygen saturation in Group C were significantly decreased after injection of hyaluronic acid (P<0.05), and all the ears in Group C developed skin ulceration and necrosis after 7 days. ConclusionInjection of hyaluronic acid into the artery can cause obstruction of distal arterioles and microcirculation disorder, which might be the main cause of skin tissue necrosis.

Abstract:bjectiveTo compare the values of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in diagnosis of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes caused by unknown reasons, and to study the diagnostic value of the combination of EBUS-TBNA and PET/CT. MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in our hospital. From December 2010 to August 2011, a total of 45 patients with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes received EBUS-TBNA following PET/CT examination. Conventional bronchoscopy was performed before EBUS-TBNA. The patients with endobronchial lesions were excluded from this study. Patients with negative EBUS-TBNA results underwent surgical biopsies or a minimum of 6 months’ clinical and radiological follow-up. ResultsSensitivities of EBUS-TBNA and PET/CT in diagnosis of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were 81.48% (22/27) and 92.59% (25/27), the specificities were 100% (18/18) and 55.56% (10/18), the positive predictive values (PPV) were 100% (22/22) and 75.76% (25/33), the negative predictive values (NPV) were 78.26% (18/23) and 83.33% (10/12), the accuracies were 88.89% (40/45) and 77.78% (34/45), respectively. EBUS-TBNA had a significantly better specificity (P=0.003) and PPV (P=0.016) than PET/CT for diagnosis of enlarge mediastinal lymph nodes. ConclusionEBUS-TBNA is valuable for diagnosing enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes caused by unknown reasons. EBUS-TBNA combined with PET/CT can reduce the false negative results in diagnosis of malignant mediastinal lymph nodes.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the influence of age on quality of life(QOL) of patients with rheumatic valve disease after aortic valve replacement. MethodsA total of 42 patients with rheumatic aortic valve disease who received aortic valve replacement in Changhai Hospital during March 2010 to Dec 2010 were prospectively studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups according their ages: (1) group A, <45 years, (2) group B, ≥45 years and < 65 years, and (3) group C, ≥65 years. QOL of patients was measured at baseline and at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation using Short Form 36-Item(SF-36) Health Survey. Wilcoxon matched pairs rank test was used to analyze the changes of patients’ QOL after surgery, and repeated measurement was used to analyze the influence of age on QOL of rheumatic patients. Results(1) Four of the eight domains of the SF-36, including role-physical (RP), general health(GH), vitality (VT), and mental health (MH) were significantly improved in group A and C at 3 months after operation(P<0.05), and all the eight domains were significantly improved at 6 and 12 months after operation (P<0.05). For group B, four domains, including RP, GH, VT and social function (SF), were significantly improved at 3 months after operation (P<0.05); all the domains but MH were significantly improved at 6 months after operation(P<0.05), and all the 8 domains were significantly improved at 12 months after surgery (P<0.05). (2) All the domains but GH had no significant difference between the 3 groups. The GH score in group A were significantly improved than that in group B and C (P=0.000).ConclusionThe QOL of patients with rheumatic heart valve disease is improved after operation. Age is not a risk factor of QOL in patients with rheumatic heart valve disease after aortic valve replacement; younger patients seem to benefit more from the surgery for the GH score.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) for hospital death events in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). MethodsThe clinical data of 202 patients with CAP in Changhai Hospital and Second People’s Hospital of Wuxi between Sep. 2006 and Sep. 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and laboratory parameters, including the serum CRP level, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum creatine concentration were collected from Hospital Information System (HIS) and Laboratory Information System (LIS). The patients were divided into two groups according to the final death (CAP related complications) or survival of patients in the hospital. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and multivariable logistical model were used to assess the predictive value of CRP on hospital death events. ResultsThe median (interquartile range) serum CRP level of survival patients and patients who died during the hospital stay were 167.00(132.50,208.50) mg/L and 327.00(246.25, 411.50) mg/L, respectively (Z=-7.481，P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that CRP was an effective predictor for hospital death of CAP patients, with the area under curve (AUC) being 0.85 (95%CI: 0.78-0.91). The optimal cot-off value for serum CRP was 230.50 mg/L, with the sensitivity being 0.83(95%CI: 0.76-0.89) and specificity being 0.79(95%CI: 0.65-0.89). Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusted for age, serum creatinine and ESR, CRP on admission was still independently associated with hospital death of CAP patients (OR=13.42, P<0.01). ConclusionIncreased CRP is an independent risk factor for hospital death events in patients with severe CAP.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the clinical prognostic value of the 7th edition TNM staging system for gastric cancer patients after operation. MethodsThe clinical data of 381 gastric cancer patients who received operation in Changhai Hospital during 2002 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. And the patients were staged using the 6th and 7th edition of TNM staging system separately. The survival curves of different patients were compared. ResultsThe changes of survival curves were significantly different between different T and N classifications of the 7th edition of TNM staging system (P<0.05). The changes of survival curves were significantly different in patients with different T2 and T3 classifications and different N1 and N2 classifications in the 7th edition (P<0.05). The survival rate of Ⅳ stage patients in the 6th edition, whose stage was down-regulated in the 7th edition, was significantly higher than those of patients whose stages were not down-regulated in the 7th edition (P<0.05). ConclusionThe 7th edition provides a more detailed and more rational staging for gastric cancer patients than the 6th edition, especially for the T and N staging classification. The 7th edition also has a more accurate prognostic value for gastric cancer patients.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the credibility of the ABC Classification for acetatbular fractures. MethodsThe data of 60 patients were randomly chosen from a total of 1 122 patients with acetabular fractures, who were classified according to ABC Classification, with each subtype including 20 cases. The 60 cases were divided into two groups: X-ray (Pelvis AP, oblique position of iliac bone and oblique position of obturator foramen radiographs without CT) and X-ray+CT (plain radiographs with 2D-CT). Nine surgeons, including 3 with 1-5 years’ experience, 3 with 5-10 years’ experience and 3 with 10-15 years’ experience, were asked to make diagnosis for the two groups using ABC Classification system. Each surgeon read the radiographs twice at a 3-month interval without knowledge of other clinical data. The order of the radiographs was changed in the second review. The results of the two sessions were analyzed and the inter- and intra-observer reliability and reproducibility were evaluated using Kappa test. ResultsThe inter-observer reliability during the two sessions were 0.66 (0.71) in X-ray group and 0.67 (0.72) in X-ray+CT group. Intra-observer reproducibility during the two sessions were 0.75 in group X-ray and 0.78 in X-ray+CT group. The diagnoses of surgeons with longer experience had higher credibility and reproducibility. ConclusionABC Classification can obtain high reliability diagnosis for acetabular fractures. CT is valuable for treatment of acetabular fracture, but it can not greatly increase the credibility of ABC Classification.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of prenatal ultrasonography in diagnosis of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) fetal abnormalities during early trimester. MethodsA total of 685 IVF-ET pregnant women received Doppler color ultrasound in our hospital during 11-13+6 weeks of pregnancy from January 2010 to December 2010; the number of fetal, polyembryony chorion, and gestational age were examined; and the abnormal structures were screened. Based on findings of sonographic markers, chorionic villi sampling was done for some fetals. Amniocentesis or selective reduction was done when triplet or one of the twins found with lethal abnormality. All the cases were followed up for pregnancy process and clinical results. ResultsAmong the 685 IVF-ET pregnant women, 440 had singleton pregnancy (64.23%), 244 had twin pregnancy (35.62%), and only one had triplet pregnancy (0.15%). Seven fetal abnormalities were detected in singleton pregnancies during early trimester, and five cases were clinically confirmed. Six fetal abnormalities were detected in twin pregnancies during early trimester, and three cases were clinically confirmed. Excluding the triplet pregnancy, the total incidence rate of abnormal fetal was 0.86%(8/928), with two cases confirmed by chromosomal abnormality screening and two cases receiving selective reduction operation. ConclusionStandardized prenatal ultrasonography during early trimester(11-13+6 weeks) can improve the accurate screening rate of fetal abnormalities for IVF-ET pregnancy, and can help to deal with multiple pregnancy and abnormal fetals.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the pro-angiogenesis mechanism of isosorbide mononitrate by observeing its effect on the angiogenesis in Tg(flk1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish. MethodsThe embryos incubated with isosorbide mononitrate (100, 300, 500, and 1 000 μg/ml) were taken as the experiment groups, and the embryos exposed to 0.5% DMSO were identified as the controls. The embryos were treated one hour before the postfertilization stage, and the status and length of the newly-formed blood vessels were observed under fluorescence microscope 24-26 h after treatments. The total RNAs were extracted from zebrafish embryos at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment; real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to examine the level of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β(PDGFRβ). ResultsIsosorbide mononitrate greatly promoted the growth of the intersegmental vessels in zebrafish (P<0.01). It also dose-dependently promoted the growth of vascular at concentrations 100, 300, and 500 μg/ml. The expression levels of PDGFRβ gene were increased in the experiment groups compared with DMSO group, with significant difference found at 12 h and 24 h after treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionOur data suggest that isosorbide mononitrate can up-regulate PDGFRβ expression and promote angiogenesis in zebrafish.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in various populations and the simultaneous expression of other markers using multiple tumor marker protein chip, and to discuss the possible clinical relevance. MethodsA total of 25 076 profiles of multiple tumor marker protein chip were collected in our hospital for analysis. The elevation of CEA in various populations and commonly-seen tumors was analyzed, and the combined elevation of CEA and other markers was also analyzed in tumors. ResultsElevation of CEA in patients with malignant tumors was significantly more than those in patients with benign lesions and normal controls (P<0.01), with the highest positive rate of CEA seen in the colorectal cancer (41.85%),followed by pancreatic cancer (37.97%) and lung carcinoma (37.16%). CEA was always accompanied by other markers in tumor patients, with the mostly seen elevated marker being CA125, followed by CA19-9 and CA242. The CEA/CA125 was often seen in pancreatic cancer (74.26%), ovarian cancer (69.57%), hepatocellular carcinoma (62.13%), and lung cancer(51.68%); CEA/CA19-9 was often seen in pancreatic cancer (77.23%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (72.34%); CEA/CA242 was often seen in pancreatic cancer(77.23%) and colorectal cancer(57.61%); CEA+CA19-9+CA242 was usually seen in pancreatic cancer(76.24%), ovarian cancer(52.17%), and colorectal cancer (51.32%); and CEA+CA19-9+CA242+CA125 was mostly seen in pancreatic cancer(61.39%). ConclusionCEA is widely expressed in malignant tumors, but it is not specific for malignant tumors. Single elevation of CEA has high value for diagnosis of colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung carcinoma. CEA combined with CA125, CA19-9 or CA242 can help to improve the positive rate for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1), CD147, and CD44 mRNA in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and its role in the development, progression and prognosis of NSCLC. MethodsFifty-six NSCLC specimens and the adjacent tissues (more than 5 cm from the tumors), 20 specimens of benign pulmonary diseases and 7 specimens of normal pulmonary tissues were included in the present study. The expression of MCT1, CD147, and CD44 mRNA was examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in the above specimens. The relationship of their expression with the clinical and pathological features of NSCLC patients was analyzed. Results(1)The expression rates of MCT1, CD147, and CD44 mRNA in NSCLC specimens were significantly higher than those in the adjacent tissues, normal pulmonary tissues, and benign pulmonary disease tissues (all P<0.05). (2) The expression of MCT1, CD147, and CD44 in NSCLC tissue was significantly correlated with each other(P<0.05). (3) The expression of MCT1, CD147, and CD44 mRNA in NSCLC tissue was not correlated with age, gender, smoking, site and dimension of lesion, or pTNM stage, and was correlated with the histological types (all P<0.05) and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC(all P<0.05). In addition, we also found that MCT1 and CD44 expression was correlated with the differentiation degree of NSCLC(all P<0.05). ConclusionThe expression of MCT1, CD147, and CD44 mRNA is up-regulated in the NSCLC specimens. MCT1, CD147 and CD44 may participate in the development and progression of NSCLC, and they may also act as markers for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo prepare glycolic acid ethyl cellulose microspheres (GAECM) for hepatic artery embolization treatment and to investigate their in vitro release property. MethodsGAECM was prepared using ethyl cellulose as a carrier, adding glycolic acid, by a double emulsion method. The appearance, particle size, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency were used as indices to assess the roundness, smoothness, size uniformity, and drug contents of the microspheres. The in vitro release characteristics of the microspheres were determined by constant temperature oscillation dialysis. Results and conclusionThe prepared GAECM has a smooth round appearance, with a mean diameter of (233.38±1.62) μm, a mean drug loading of 114.32 μg/mg, an encapsulation efficiency of 78.61%, and a release period of 72 h. The microspheres can meet the requirements of further animal experiments, which provides important reference for using chemical corrosion in drugs used for hepatic arterial embolization studies.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo identify the chemical components in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Veratrum nigrum L. using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). MethodsAn Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm)was used for isolation and identification of the chemical components in Veratrum nigrum L., with a mobile phase using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solvent (A) and ACN (B) for gradient elution. The data were collected by the positive ion mode using ESI ion source. ResultsThirty-two chemical compounds were identified from Veratrum nigrum L.. The chemical structures of three pairs of steroidal alkaloid isomers were deduced by comparing their fragment ions. ConclusionChromatographic characters of 32 chemical compounds in Veratrum nigrum L. can be achieved in single run by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, which paves a way for further studying the metabolism and action mechanism of Veratrum nigrum L.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the change of Dock1 protein expression in non-infarcted myocardium in rats. MethodsExperimental myocardial infarction models were established in 22 SD rats (MI group) and the other 20 rats received sham-operation (Sham group). Eight rats were sacrificed 24 h after operation in each group and another 8 were sacrificed at 12 weeks after operation; the cardiac specimens were collected. Dock1 protein expression was measured by Western blotting analysis in the non-infarcted myocardium of MI group and sham group. ResultsDock1 protein expression was not significantly different in the non-infarcted myocardium between MI group (0.13±0.03) and Sham group (0.10±0.04) at 24 h after operation (P>0.05); 12 weeks after operation, the expression in non-infarcted myocardium of MI group (0.17±0.04) was significantly higher than that of Sham group (0.11±0.05, P<0.05). Dock1 protein expression in non-infarcted myocardium was significantly increased in MI group at 12 weeks after operation compared with those in MI and Sham groups at 24 h after operation (P<0.05). ConclusionThere is Dock1 protein expression in rat’s myocardium, and the expression is significantly increased in the non-infarcted myocardium at 12 weeks after infarction.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of Danshensu on the expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1),peroxiome proliferators-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and to assess its protective effect on the liver of mice. MethodsDiabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg streptozotocin (200 mg/kg). Then the diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups: diabetic model group, low-dose Danshensu (15 mg/kg ) group, middle-dose Danshensu (30 mg/kg) group and high-dose Danshensu (60 mg/kg) group,with 10 mice in each group. Danshensu (sodium salt of Danshensu) was administered intragastrically once a day for 12 weeks. Ten normal mice were taken as controls. The fasting blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) levels were examined at 12 h after the last administration of the drug. The aspartate transaminade(AST) and alanine transaminade (ALT) levels in sera drawn from inner canthus were determined by automatic biochemical analyser. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the expression of STAT1,PPARγ and HGF in the liver tissues. Results(1) Compared with control group, the diabetic model group and Danshensu groups had significantly higher blood glucose and GHb levels (P<0.01) and significantly lower insulin level (P<0.01). There were no significant differences between the three Danshensu groups concerning the three parameters. (2) The levels of AST and ALT in diabetic model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05); their levels in the three Danshensu groups were significantly lower than those of the diabetic model group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences among the three Danshensu groups. (3) The expression of STAT1 in diabetic model group was significantly higher and the expression of PPARγ and HGF was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Compared with the diabetic model group, PPARγ and HGF expression in the liver tissues was significantly increased and STAT1 expression was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner with Danshensu (P<0.01). ConclusionThe protective effect of Danshensu on liver tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice might be associated with increase of PPARγ and HGF expression and decrease of STAT1 expression.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo introduce an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) -HPLC-TOF/MS method for simultaneous determination of Polyphyllin Ⅰ, Polyphyllin Ⅱ, Polyphyllin Ⅵ, Polyphyllin Ⅶ, Dioscin and Gracillin in Paris Polyphylla. MethodsThe extraction was performed by ASE under the following conditions: extracting solvent 70% ethanol; extracting temperature 120℃; pressure 1.17 MPa (1 700 psi); and static time 6 min. The separation was carried out on a MGC18 column (3.0 mm×100 mm, 3.0 μm). Elution was done with a linear gradient mobile phase system consisting of 0.1% formic acid (V/V) water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was set at 0.8 ml/min, the sample injection volume was 3 μl, the column temperature was kept constant at 25℃, nebulizer gas pressure was 275.8 kPa (40 psi), drying gas flow rate was 10 L/min, and gas temperature was 350℃. ResultsThe calibration curves for Polyphyllin Ⅰ, Polyphyllin Ⅱ, Polyphyllin Ⅵ, Polyphyllin Ⅶ, Dioscin and Gracillin were linear within the range of 0.500 0-50.00 μg/ml (r=0.999 8), 0.422 3-42.23 μg/ml (r=0.999 7), 0.612 0-61.20 μg/ml (r=0.999 9), 0.714 0-71.40 μg/ml (r=0.999 5), 0.448 0-44.80 μg/ml (r=0.999 9) and 0.436 0-43.60 μg/ml (r=0.9997), respectively; and the average recoveries (n=6) were 98.9%, 98.0%, 102.5%, 101.9%, 103.1% and 97.9%, respectively. ConclusionThe introduced method is solvent-saving and time-saving; it can also be used for high-throughput analysis and determination of steroidal saponins in Paris Polyphylla.

Abstract:Sonic hedgehog(Shh) is a member of the hedgehog family in vertebrate. The Shh signaling pathway is mainly composed of a secreted glycoprotein, named Shh, two transmembrane proteins (Ptch and Smo) and the downstream transcription factor family Glis. It plays a vital role in the embryo development, especially in the neuronal system. Recent study have demonstrated that the Shh pathway is closely associated with the tumorigenesis of various tumors. Glioma, the most common malignant brain tumor of humans, is characterized by the rapid proliferation, infiltrative growth and high rate of relapse, and it is one of the brain tumors with poorest prognosis. Abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways has been known to enhance the proliferation ability of glioma cells. Moreover, glioma is composed of various tumor cells and the glioma stem cells were endowed with the ability of self-renewal and unlimited proliferation, which plays a key role in the tumorigenesis, progress and relapse. Evidence has been found that Shh signaling pathway is closely assoicated with tumorigenesis of glioma. Herein we review the current knowledge on the components of Shh signaling pathway and its role in the tumorigenesis of glioma and glioma stem cells.

Abstract:The incidence of invasive fungal infections rose rapidly during the past years, which resulted in high mortality. What makes it worse is that drug resistance has also become a very serious problem in clinical practice. Searching for the novel therapy strategies is now a focus of related scientists. This article reviews the treatment of invasive fungal disease from the following three aspects: the development of anti-fungal agents aiming new targets, combined drug therapy and development of antifungal vaccines.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemaosa, Remifemin) for treatment of menopausal symptoms in patients with early endometrial cancer after operation. MethodsSixty patients with early endometrial cancer, who suffered menopausal symptoms after operation, were evenly divided into experimental group and control group. Patients in the experimental group took Remifemin tablet (20 mg) twice a day for 24 weeks. Patients in the control group took no drugs. All the patients were followed up for 12 months. The Kupperman menopause index (KMI), bone mineral density (BMD), cancer recurrence rate, death rate, and hepatic and renal functions were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe KMI score of the experimental group was significantly decreased 24 weeks after treatment with Remifemin (9±4 vs 26±7, P<0.05), and that in the control group was not significantly changed (21±5 vs 25±8, P>0.05). The BMD in the experimental group was significantly increased 24 h after treatment with Remifemin (\[0.891±0.21\] g/cm2 vs \[0.790±0.17\] g/cm2, P＜0.05); and there was no significant difference in the control group (\[0.816±0.15\] g/cm2 vs \[0.808±0.19\] g/cm2, P＞0.05). No adverse effects were observed in the experimental group. During 1-year follow-up, one patient died in the experimental group; one had recurrence and one died in the control group. ConclusionBlack cohosh can improve the menopausal symptoms in patients with early endometrial cancer after operation, without increasing the risk of tumor recurrence.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the pelvis free liquid quantity deepness measured by ultrasound and actual blood volume in abdominal cavity observed during operation in ectopic pregnancy patients, so as to predict the pre-operation intra-abdominal hemorrhage volume. MethodsFive hundred patients with ectopic pregnancy receiving emergent operation were included in the present study. The patients took lithotomy position and were examined by vaginal probe before operation. The pelvis free liquid quantity measured by ultrasound (x) and the actual blood volume in abdominal cavity (y) observed during operation were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 16.0 software. ResultsThe pelvis free liquid measured by ultrasound and the actual quantity of blood in abdominal cavity accorded with the following equation: y=43.306 e0.704x, R2=0.983, P＜0.05.The actual volume of blood in pelvis could be calculated by the equation. When the quantities of free liquid in pelvis were 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4.0 cm, and 4.5 cm, the actual volumes of blood in pelvis were 357.91 ml, 508.92 ml, 732.64 ml, and 1 028.95 ml, respectively. ConclusionThe quantity of intra-abdominal hemorrhage can be predicted by the pelvis free liquid deepness in ectopic pregnancy patients, which may pave a way for more effective treatment of the patients.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo introduce a new type of China-made bileaflet mechanical prosthetic heart valve(CL-V bileaflet valve)and evaluate its early clinical effectiveness and short-term follow-up outcomes. MethodsTwenty-one patients were included in the present study, with 18 receiving mitral valve replacement and 3 receiving combined mitral and aortic replacement. One AST bileaflet valve(imported) and 23 CL-V bileaflet valves were implanted(21 in mitral position, including one 25M and 20 27M; and 2 in aortic position, including one 23A and one 25A). The ventricular and atrial volume, cardiac function, hemodynamics and hemocompatibility were compared before and one week, 6 months after operation. Valve-related complications were observed during perioperative period and follow-up. ResultsAll the patients were followed up for 6-61 months, with a mean of 19.8 months. There was no early mortality(< 30 d after operation). The patients had stable hemodynamics and satisfactory hemocompatibility early after operation and during short-term follow-up; there were no valve-related complications. ConclusionThe early clinical results and short-term follow-up outcomes of CL-V bileaflet prosthetic valve are satisfactory, with no valve-related complications. The long-term outcome of CL-V bileaflet prosthetic valve needs to be further observed.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the morphology of proximal contact areas(PCA) and gingival embrasures of the maxillary anterior dentition in Shanghai adolescents, hoping to provide evidence for clinical treatment of maxillary anterior tooth esthetic restoration. MethodsTotally 62 dental models of Shanghai adolescents with normal occlusion were collected with silicon rubber, and each case was scanned by Sirona inlab inEos Blue and measured by CAD/CAM bundled software. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software. ResultsThe mean proximal contact area proportion (PCAP) between central incisors (CI-CI), central and lateral incisors (CI-LI), and lateral incisors and canines (LI-CA) were (47.7±5.1)%, (34.6±5.0)%, and (24.2±4.2)% in central incisor of square shape, (43.1±3.7)%, (31.3±4.1)% and (22.3±3.7)% in ovoid shape, and (38.8±5.3)%, (33.1±5.7)% and (23.2±3.7)% in the tapered shape. Linear relation was found between PCA and clinic crown length of ipsilateral central incisor in the position of CI-CI and LI-CA in square and ovoid shapes. There were significant differences in the clinic crown length of central incisors (P<0.01), midline papilla height (PH) (P<0.01) and gingival embrasure angle (GEA) (P<0.01) between different shapes of central incisor of square, ovoid, and tapering. ConclusionThe shapes of central incisors are closely related to the PCAP, PH and GEA, which provides reference for clinical anterior and soft tissue restoration.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the treatment effect of Shengmai injection on patients with chronic heart failure combined with coronary heart disease. MethodsFrom 2009 to 2011, 56 patients with coronary heart disease combined with chronic heart failure were equally divided into two groups randomly. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment and the observation group was also given Shengmai injection (40 ml Shengmai injection in 250 ml glucose, once daily for 7 days). The following parameters were examined and compared before and one week after treatment: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS). ResultsAll the above five parameters were significantly improved after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvement in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the observation group was 82.1%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (75.0%， P<0.05). No obvious adverse reaction was noticed in the two groups. ConclusionShengmai injection can definitely improve the systolic function of heart in patients with heart failure.

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