Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heterologous auxotrophy markers from non-Candida albicans (C. albicans) yeasts (C.dubliniensis HIS1\[C.d.HIS1\], C. maltosa LEU2\[C.m.LEU2\] and C.dubliniensis ARG4\[C.d.ARG4\]) on adaptation to various stresses of C. albicans knockout mutants (by His1-Leu2-Arg4 strategy). MethodsFusion PCR strategy was used to construct recombination fragment, which was then used to transform SN152 by lithium acetate method. Genomic PCR was used to confirm the integration of the three selection markers. Spot assays were employed to assess the sensitivities of different reintegrated strains to different stresses. ResultsThe results of PCR showed that seven reintegrated strains containing C.m. LEU2, C.d. HIS1 and C.d. ARG4 were successfully constructed. The results of spot assay showed that there were no differences between the seven reintegration strains and SN152 in responses to the tested stresses, including pH stress, oxidative stress, antifungal agent stress, metal ion stress, cell wall stress, osmotic stress and DNA damage agent stress. We also found that only strains which integrated C.d. HIS1 marker could survive from the 0.02% SDS stress. ConclusionThe three heterologous selection marker C.m. LEU2, C.d. HIS1 and C.d. ARG4 do not influence the sensitivity of C. albicans to most stresses; comparison can be made between C. albicans knockout mutants with different markers, and SN152 can be used as parental control. While assessing the sensitivity to SDS, the results vary with different selection markers, and SN152 can not be used as a unified control; therefore comparison should be made with C.d. HIS1 kept consistent.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its specific inhibitor on expression of Nrf2, so as to study the possible role of ROS signal pathway in FSH-mediated Nrf2 expression in Hey ovarian cancer cells.MethodsThe expression of Nrf2 in benign and malignant ovarian tissues was determined by immunohistochemical method. Ovarian cancer Hey cells were treated with different concentrations of FSH for different periods, and Western blotting analysis was used to examine Nrf2 protein expression. The generation of ROS was evaluated in Hey ovarian cancer cells by reactive oxygen species assay kit after stimulation with FSH (80 mIU/ml) for different periods. Hey cells were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 stimulation for 48 h or 150 mmol/L H2O2 after pretreatment with specific ROS inhibitors NAC for 48 h, then the expression of Nrf2 was examined by Western blotting analysis. Hey cells were pretreated with different concentrations of NAC for 1 h, and then incubated with FSH(80 mIU/ml) for 48 h and Nrf2 expression was observed.Results(1) Three of 10 benign ovarian cyst tissues had weak expression of Nrf2 protein; 42 (65.6%) of the 64 ovarian cancer tissues had Nrf2 protein expression (P=0.042). FSH up-regulated Nrf2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. FSH promoted the generation of ROS in ovarian cancer cells. H2O2 promoted Nrf2 expression, which could be blocked by NAC. FSH-induced Nrf2 protein expression could be inhibited by NAC.ConclusionFSH can promote ROS generation and Nrf2 protein expression in ovarian cancer cells. Block of ROS pathway could inhibit FSH-induced overexpression of Nrf2, indicating FSH may regulate Nrf2 protein by ROS pathway, contributing to the development of ovarian cancer.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of exogenous microRNA 136(mir136) on contents of S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6) and proliferation in human colon cancer cell line HCT116 through constructing a eukaryotic expression vector of mir136 (pcDNA-mir136) and cationic liposome-mediated transfection.MethodsHuman genomic DNA was extracted from HEK293 cells and the DNA fragment containing mir136 precursor sequence was amplified by PCR and cloned into pcDNA to construct pcDNA-mir136. The plasmid was transfected into HCT116 cells via cationic liposome. The content of mir136 was determined by Real-time PCR, S100A6 protein was examined by Western blotting analysis, and apoptosis was detected by Flow Cytometry at 48 h after transfection. The proliferation ability of the tumor cells was examined by CCK-8 at 24 and 48 hours after transfection. ResultsThe eukaryotic expression vector of mir136 was successfully constructed and transfected into HCT116 cells. Expression of mir136 was significantly higher in the transfected group than that in the untransfected group (P<0.01) and the content of S100A6 protein was significantly lower than that of the untransfected group (P<0.05) 48 h after transfection. Meanwhile, cell proliferation activity of the transfected group was significantly lower than that of the untransfected group (P＜0.05) and cell apoptosis was significantly increased compared with the untransfected group (P<0.01).ConclusionMir136 may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of HCT116 cells by inhibiting the expression of S100A6 gene.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish human HBV/HBx-knockin-p53 rat embryonic stem (ES) cell line, so as to lay a foundation for establishment of animal models. MethodsFirst we constructed the targeting vector pKO-gHBV or pKO-X with HBV whole genome or X and p53 homologue arms by PCR and connection with common gene targeted vector pKO; then after linearized with SalⅠ the vector was transferred into rat ES cells through electroporation. And 2i ES culture medium containing puromycin was used for a three-cycle selection of puromycin resistant clones. Then PCR was used to screen the obtained positive clones; mycoplasma examination and karyotypic analysis were used to confirm targeted ES cell clones. ResultsWe successfully obtained two targeted vectors: pKO-gHBV and pKO-X; then after three-cycle drug-selection we obtained 2 pKO-X clones and 1 pKO-gHBV clone, which were confirmed by PCR, mycoplasma examination and karyotypic analysis. ConclusionWe have successfully established human HBV/HBx-knockin-p53 rat ES cells, paving a way for future establishment of HBV/HBx-knockin-p53 rat model.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a human ovarian cancer cell line stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP), so as to carry out visualized research on whole ovarian cancer. MethodsWe transfected human ovarian cancer cell line HO8910PM by gene transfection, and obtained cells stably expressing EGFP by sub-cloning amplification and selection with G418-resistance.The expression rate of EGFP was analyzed by flow cytometry (FC).The growth curve, adhesion, migration and invasion experiments were employed to study the biological behaviors of the cells transfected with EGFP. ResultsFlow cytometry results showed that EGFP positive rate of screened EGFP-HO8910PM cells was higher than 99%. The cell growth, adhesion, invasion and migration abilities of cells were not significantly changed after transfection. ConclusionWe have successfully established a cell line EGFP-HO8910PM stably expressing EGFP and at mean time maintaining the characteristics of the parent cell line, which lays a foundation for whole-body visualization research of human ovarian cancer in vivo.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of glycolic acid-ethylcellulose microspheres infused via hepatic artery on hepatocarcinoma in rabbits. MethodsThirty New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with VX2 liver tumor and received CT examination after 13 days. The tumor volumes were calculated; the tumors were numbered according to volume and were divided into 3 groups by random number table. 3 F catheters were inserted via right femoral artery to hepatic artery in all animals; the nutrition arteries of the tumor were observed by injecting contrast media; and then therapeutic agents were given through the catheter. Group A (n=10) was given glycolic acid-ethylcellulose microspheres (0.023 g/1 ml), Group B (n=10) was given lipiodol (1 ml), and Group C (n=10) was given normal saline (1 ml). The liver function and tumor growth were observed before and after treatment; the pathological changes of tumor tissues and the survival of rabbits were observed with 5 randomly selected animals in each group. ResultsThe liver function and the tumor volumes were not significantly different among groups. One week after treatment, AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in Group A and B compared with those in Group C (P<0.05). CT results showed that the tumor growth rates in group A and B were significantly smaller than that in Group C (P<0.01), and that in group A was significantly smaller than that in Group B(P<0.01). Pathological examination showed greatly thickened tumor fibrous capsule and large necrotic area in tumors in Group A and B, with loosely arranged tumor cells, pyknosis and greatly decreased pathologic mitosis. VEGF expression and proliferation activity in Group A were weaker than those in Group B. Compared with Group B and C, animals in Group A had a significantly longer survival time compared with group B and C(P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionTranscatheter infusion of glycolic acid-ethylcellulose microspheres is a safe and effective chemoembolization agent for treatment of rabbit hepatic tumors.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) on the learning and memory abilities, brain dopamine(DA) content and D1 receptor expression in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus. MethodsHealthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into CSD group, treatment control(TC) group and blank control(BC) group after screening experiment. Each group included 10 rats. Rat CSD model was established by modified multiple platform method (MMPM), in which the rats were subjected to 18 h/d sleep deprivation(PM16:00-AM10:00)for 21 days. Rats in TC group were given similar deprivation as CSD group, but lived in a deprivation box with bottom covered with wire grid. The learning and memory abilities of rats were measured by Morris water maze and open-field test at CSD 7, 14, and 21 d. DA content and D1 receptor protein expression in hippocampus and hypothalamus were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) and Western blotting analysis, respectively. ResultsCompared with BC and TC groups, CSD rats were exhausted and irritated, without sleek hair. The weight of CSD rats were decreased significantly from the third day of sleep deprivation (P<0.01). The escape latency in Morris water maze of CSD group was increased significantly and the platform crossings decreased significantly compared with those of the other two groups (P<0.01). The spontaneous motor activity distance and activity times were also significantly decreased in CSD group(P<0.05). The hippocampus and hypothalamus DA content and D1 receptor protein expression were significantly decreased in CSD group as determined by HPLC-ECD and Western blotting analysis (P<0.05). As expected, there were no significant differences in the above parameters between BC and TC group. ConclusionCSD can impair the learning and memory abilities in rats. Decreased dopamine and D1 receptor in hippocampus and hypothalamus may be involved in modulating the learning and memory dysfunction.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the influences of Angiotensin Ⅱ inhibitor on renal expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the chronic renal failure (CRF) rats (induced by 5/6th kidney ablation/infarction \[5/6A/I\]) and the related mechanism. MethodsSD rats were made into CRF model by means of 5/6th kidney ablation/infarction. The study was divided into sham operation group (Group A), model group (Group B) and Angiotensin Ⅱ inhibitor(Cozaar-with-Monopril) group (Group C), each group containing 15 rats. The biochemical parameters of the rats were examined 60 days later in the 3 groups. The expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the remnant renal cortex and medulla were assessed by Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. ResultsCompared with group A, group B had significantly increased SCr and BUN levels and significantly decreased CCr level(P<0.01). Compared with group B, group C had significantly decreased SCr and BUN levels and significantly increased CCr level(P<0.05). The expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the renal cortex and medulla in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05), and that in group C was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). ConclusionAngiotensin Ⅱ inhibitor can improve the renal function in CRF rats induced by 5/6(A/I), which might be associated with HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo obtain purified Vibrio cholerae HutX and its diffraction data. MethodsProtein HutX was obtained by gene cloning and protein expression, purified by nickcl sepharose affinity chromatography, anion exchange chromatography (source Q), and molecular sieve chromatography (Superdex 200) , and identified by Western blotting analysis. Then the obtained protein was subjected to crystallization condition screening and hanging drop optimization. The obtained crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction method. ResultsWestern blotting analysis indirectly indicated that the obtained protein was HutX protein. Then the HutX crystal and its diffraction data were obtained in the present study. ConclusionThe findings of the present study pave a way for future research on the crystal structure and function of HutX protein and its role in heme utilization of Vibrio cholerae.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo construct a three-dimensional mechanical finite element model (FEM) of human gallbladder for non-invasive biomechanical research of gallbladder and operation simulation. MethodsAn interactive CAD model of gallbladder was developed by parametric design software PRO/E using anatomical data, and was transferred into the finite element analysis software ANSYS in IGES format. Subsequently,the geometric model was meshed with 3D 20-node hexahedral structural solid elements and endued with material attributes to build the FEM. The procedure of clampping the gallbladder fundus was simulated with the established FEM, and the deformation and Von Mises Stress was analyzed under displacement loads. ResultsA 3D FEM of gallbaldder was successfully established, including the fundus, body and neck of gallbladder. The model consisted of 14 520 elements and 82 524 nodes. It was found that the Von Mises Stress concentration areas were at the periphery of the gallbladder bed and junction of gallbladder neck and cystic duct, and the deformation was centered at the head of gallbladder fundus. ConclusionFEM can simulate the mechanical response in gallbladder operation, and the gallbladder FEM can be used for biomechanical research of the gallbladder.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the influence of intensive control of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipid on fasting plasma obestatin level in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and its correlation with lipid metabolism. MethodsSeventy-two T2DM patients were assigned to four groups according to different treatments. Group A(n=25) received blood glucose (BG) and blood pressure(BP)controlling; group B(n=12) received BG, BP and blood lipid (BL) controlling; group C(n=20) received BG,BP, and BL controlling plus vitamin E administration; and group D(n=15) received BG,BP,BL controlling and compound Danshen dripping pill administration. ResultsFasting obestatin level of group A was significantly lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.01). Fasting obestatin level was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), HbAlc, waist to hip ratio (WHR)，total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin (FIN) and hemeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P<0.05), and was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.05). After adjusting age, sex, BMI, WHR, blood glucose, and blood pressure, high level fasting obestatin was correlated with intensified control of blood lipid (P<0.01). ConclusionThe fasting obestatin level is increased in T2DM patients receiving BL control compared with those do not receive, and obestatin level might be associated with lipid metabolism.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the anatomy of proximal tibial nerve, so as to assess the feasibility of transferring motor branches from proximal tibial nerve for treatment of the high fibular nerve or long-segment injuries.MethodsTotally 23 sides of lower limbs from 12 adult cadavers were included in the present study. The branching pattern, length, diameter of motor branches of the tibial nerve in the proximal leg, location of original point relative to fibular head level and the distance from original point to the fibular neck were examined. Intraneural dissection from the bifurcation of the common fibular nerve to the proximal (deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve) was performed, and then the maximum dissected length and the diameter of deep fibular nerves were observed. The deep fibular nerve was severed at the top site and simulating transfer was performed; the feasibility of suturing the motor branches from proximal tibial nerve and the deep fibular nerve was assessed. ResultsThere were three main motor branches at the proximal leg, including the branches to the lateral and medial head of the gastrocnemius and to the soleus muscle, with the length being (36.3±9.6) mm, (44.7±8.6) mm and (53.2±9.9) mm, respectively. The maximum length of intraneural dissection of the common fibular nerve was (59.3±7.2) mm. After dissection, the branches to the soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius were long enough for direct nerve suture with the deep fibular division in all cadavers without tension. The branches to the medial head of the gastrocnemius were long enough for nerve suture in 21 sides (91.3%). ConclusionAfter intraneural dissection of the common fibular nerve, the motor branches from proximal tibial nerve can be transferred to restore the deep fibular nerve for treating high fibular nerve injuries. The branch to the soleus muscle is the best choice considering its length and diameter.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the factors influencing condom use among spouses/fixed partners of HIV-infected people. MethodsThe spouses/fixed partners of HIV-infected people were selected for questionnaire investigation. Rank sum test and logistic regression analysis were employed to study the factors influencing the use of condom among them. ResultsTotally 395 qualified subjects were recruited, and 72.66% of them used condoms every time when they had sexual behavior and 15.70% never used condom. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing condom use among the spouses/fixed partners of HIV-infected people included ethnicity, having children or not, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, time when HIV was detected in spouse and self-awareness of the possibility to catch HIV from their spouses/fixed partners. ConclusionCondom use among the spouses/fixed partners of HIV-infected people is not satisfactory in China, which is due to multiple factors. More efforts need to be made to enforce AIDS intervention among target population. High-risk groups should be screened on a regular basis and timely measures should be taken.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of cervical carcinoma with microsatellite instability, so as to provide a new pathway for investigating the risks of cervical carcinoma. MethodsPCR and electrophoresis method were used to conduct genotype analysis on D1S1627 and D22S1045 in the peripheral blood of 120 cervical carcinoma patients and 102 healthy women living in Changzhou area. The susceptible and(or) resistant factors of cervical carcinoma were evaluated based on the differences in allele distribution of D1S1627 and D22S1045. ResultsThere were significant differences in locus D22S1045 (P=0.05)between cervical carcinoma group and healthy group, not on locus D1S1627 (P=0.995). Univariate analysis showed significant differences at allele 14 and 17 on locus D22S1045 between the two groups (P=0.026, P=0.014), with the OR values being 3.837(95%CI:1.078-13.658) and 0.520(95%CI:0.306-0.882), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that parity, smoking and allele 14 of D22S1045 were the risk factors of cervical carcinoma, with the OR value being 2.063(95%CI:1.070-3.975),1.958(95%CI:1.002-3.826) and 2.766(95%CI:1.039-7.360), respectively. ConclusionLocus D22S1045 might be associated with cervical carcinoma,with allele 14 being the susceptible factor and cellele 17 being the resistant factor.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) by comparing LDP with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP). MethodsThe clinical data of 68 patients with pancreatic body or tail diseases, who received distal pancreatectomy from May 2011 to February 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. LDP was performed in 16 cases and ODP in 52 cases. The baseline clinical data and the intraoperative and postoperative findings were compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no death in the two groups. The sex ratio, age, body mass index,tumor diameter and total hospital costs were not significantly different between the two groups. The incision length of LDP group was significantly shorter than that of ODP group (\[3.50±1.34\] cm vs \[17.94±2.12\] cm, P<0.001). The operative duration of LDP group was significantly longer than that of ODP group (\[145.63±56.80\] min vs \[87.21±32.06\] min,P<0.001). Postoperative hospital stay of LDP and ODP groups were (5.06±1.24) d and (8.06±2.53) d (P<0.001), time in bed after surgery were (1.31±0.68) d and (2.94±0.80) d (P<0.001), and postoperative fasting time were (1.31±0.57) d and (2.86±1.34) d (P<0.001), respectively. Estimated blood loss of LDP and ODP groups were (318.75±227.21) ml and (306.35±378.36) ml (P=0.898), respectively. Four patients had pancreatic leakages and 1 had peritoneal effusion in LDP group. Twelve patients had pancreatic leakages and 3 had peritoneal effusions in ODP group, with one having both pancreatic leakage and peritoneal effusion. There were no significant differences in the incidence of pancreatic leakage and peritoneal effusion between the two groups. The postoperative pain score was mainly 1-2 in LDP group and 2-3 in ODP group, with significant differences found between the two groups (P<0.001). ConclusionLDP is feasible and safe in treating benign or borderline disease of pancreatic body and tail. Compared to ODP,LDP has the advantage of less trauma and pain, quicker recovery without increasing the total costs.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the curative effects of water-filled balloon dilatation and botulinum toxin local injection in treatment of achalasia by evaluating the clinical symptoms and esophageal kinematics. MethodsEighty patients diagnosed as primary achalasia were randomly assigned to endoscopic water-filled balloon dilatation group and botulinum toxin group in a prospective randomized controlled trial. The clinical symptoms and esophageal kinematics of patients were evaluated before and 1 week, 1 month after therapy, and the data of remission were recorded during a follow-up of 24 months. ResultsThe clinical symptom scores (overall symptom, regurgitation of food, dysphagia and chest pain) and esophageal kinematics (the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure and relaxation rate of lower esophageal sphincter, contracting amplitude of esophageal body and the percentage of esophageal body antegrade peristalsis) were significantly improved in both treatment groups 1 week and 1 month after therapy (P<0.01) . One week after treatment the improvements in regurgitation and dysphagia scores were greater in water-filled balloon group than those in the botulinum toxin group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The reduction in lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure was greater in water-filled balloon group than that in the botulinum toxin group 1 week and 1 month after treatment (P<0.01). After 12 months, the clinical remission rates in water-filled balloon group and botulinum toxin group were 73.2% and 61.5%, respectively; Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the accumulated remission rates between the 2 groups(P=0.29). ConclusionBoth endoscopic water-filled balloon dilatation under endoscope and botulinum toxin local injection are effective for treatment of achalasia, with better therapeutic effect seen for water-filled balloon dilatation.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and tolerability between nonpenetrating filtering surgery with (NPFS-MMC) and without (NPFS-noMMC) intraoperative mitomycin C application for treatment open angle glaucoma. MethodsPertinent studies were selected through extensive searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedicine Database. Eight controlled clinical trials meeting the pre-defined criteria were systematically reviewed by meta-analysis. The main outcome measures were percentage intraocular pressure reduction (IOPR%), complete remission rate, total remission rate, and complications. The pooled estimates were carried out using RevMan version 5.0 software. ResultsThe weighted mean differences of the IOPR% between the NPFS-MMC group and NPFS-noMMC group were 5.24% (95% confidence intervals\[95%CI\], -3.24 to 13.72) after 6 months, 8.31% (95%CI,4.33 to 12.30) after 12 months(P<0.05), 9.56% (95%CI, 4.88 to 14.24) after 24 months(P<0.05), and 14.45% (95%CI, 9.02 to 19.88) after 36 months(P<0.05). NPFS-MMC was associated with significant greater complete remission rates compared with NPFS-noMMC, with the pooled risk difference being 1.16 (95%CI, 1.05 to 1.27) after 6 months(P<0.05), 1.20 (95%CI, 1.05 to 1.38) after 12 months (P<0.05), 1.30 (95%CI, 1.05 to 1.61) after 24 months (P<0.05), and 1.36 (95%CI, 1.06 to 1.73) after 36 months (P<0.05). Intraoperative mitomycin C was not associated with any drug-induced complications. ConclusionThe use of intraoperative mitomycin C is safe and can improve the effect of nonpenetrating filtering surgery in patients with open ganle glaucoma.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the value of liver acquisition with volume acceleration (LAVA) multi-phase dynamic enhanced technique combined with magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(ＤＷＩ) in evaluating prostate lesions. MethodsTotally 67 prostate disease patients confirmed by histopathology and follow-up were included in the present study. The patients included 19 with prostate cancer (PCa) and 48 with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). LAVA multi-temporal enhancement and DWI scanning were performed, and the values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. Two experienced radiologists evaluated the results in a double-blinded manner; the qualitative diagnosis accuracy rates of the T-SI curves alone or in combination with ADC for PCa and BPH were compared. ResultsThe accuracy rates of T-SI curve alone for qualitative diagnosis of PCa, BPH were 57.9% and 72.8%, and those of T-SI curve combined with ADC value were 73.7% and 87.5%, respectively. ConclusionLAVA multi-phase dynamic enhanced technique combined with ADC is of great value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the influence of different evaporation hardening methods, gelatin concentrations in inter aqueous phase and pH values of PBS on in vitro release modulus of alarelin-loaded microspheres (AR-MS). MethodsThe AR-MS was prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method (W/O/W); concentrations of internal aqueous phase with gelatin were 0%, 8% and 16% (W/V); and the volatilized hardening was done with room temperature magnetic stirring and low-temperature vacuum evaporation. Residual method assay was used to determine the accumulated release and burst release of AR-MS in PBS (pH = 4.5, pH = 7.0, pH = 10.0) on day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the degradation degrees of AR-MS at each time point. ResultsThe method of volatized organic solvents could affect the release pattern of AR-MS, and the release pattern was also influenced by different concentrations of internal aqueous phase of gelatin. The fastest release rate of AR-MS was seen in medium with pH value being 10.0, complete release was not found in medium with pH being 4.5, and the most appropriate medium for AR-MS release was when pH value being 7.0. ConclusionDifferent evaporation hardening methods can influence the burst release of AR-MS, but has no influence on the overall in vitro release pattern. Different concentrations of internal aqueous gelatin phase can influence the in vitro release pattern, and the medium pH value can also influence the release of AR-MS.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the in vitro antifungal activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. MethodsSixteen novel 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles compounds have been designed, synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR, LC-MS spectra. Their antifungal activities were evaluated with six tested pathogenic fungi in vitro. ResultsAll the title compounds exhibited potent antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Trichophyton rubrum, but not Aspergillus fumigatus. The activities of compound 14, 17 and 18 against Candida atbicans and Cryptococcus neoformans (with the MIC80 0.25 μg/ml) were similar to that of fluconazole. The activities of compound 14 and 17 against Trichophyton rubrum (with the MIC80 0.25 μg/ml) were 2 times as high as that of fluconazole and were similar to that of ketoconazole. ConclusionThe 1,2,3-triazole can be efficiently introduced to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles compounds by intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. All the title compounds exhibit certain antifungal activities with broad spectrum. The substituent of the benzene plays an important role in improving the antifungal activity of the compound.

Abstract:The high resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (HRMAS) can be directly used to examine in vitro tissues, needing no extracting and separating procedures. Moreover, it can enhance signal intensity and improve resolution of images. HRMAS can directly obtain the structural and conformational information (molecular level) of in vitro tumor samples of the brain, liver, kidney, and lung, which gives it a bright future in early diagnosis of tumors. The present paper mainly reviews the applications of HRMAS in tumor metabonomics research

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of interferon adjuvant therapy on immune parameters in postoperative patients with localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (LCCRCC) and explore the related clinical significance. Methods Thirty-five patients with LCCRCC were treated with interferon α-2b hypodermic injection after surgery (6 MIU/time, three times per week for three months). Immune parameters, including CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD16+56+,CD19+ , IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and TNF-α, were determined before and at the 1st , 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 16th week after therapy. And the results were compared before and after therapy. ResultsThree months after therapy, the levels of CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ were not significantly different from those before therapy. The of CD16+56+ was increased significantly during the first two weeks’ of treatment (P<0.05) and was significantly declined at the end of therapy (P<0.01). Compared with that before therapy, CD19+ levels were decreased in the 1st, 2nd and 4th week after treatment (all P<0.01), and was significantly increased at the 16th week (P<0.01). The level of IL-8 was significantly decreased at the 4th week after therapy (P<0.05) and TNF-α level was increased at the 8th week after therapy (P<0.01); the levels of other humoral immune parameters were not significantly different from those before therapy. Conclusion Treatment with interferon α-2b hypodermic injection (6 MIU/time, three times/week for three months) has a limited effect on promoting the immunity of patients with LCCRCC, and its influence on the long-term survival patients also needs further study.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the related clinical significance. MethodsEighty-seven T2DM patients were divided into high albuminuria group (including both miroalbuminuria \[MA\] and clinical nephropathy \[CN\] patients, uAlb/uCr≥30 mg/mmol) and normal albuminuria (NA) group (uAlb/uCr<30 mg/mmol) according to the ratio of urinary albumin to urinary creatinine abundance. Forty normal subjects were recruited as control.The uNGAL level was measured by ELISA; plasma glucose, blood lipids(TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C) abundance were also analyzed. ResultsThe high albuminuria group had the highest uNGAL level, followed by normal albuminuria group and control group, and the former two groups had significantly higher uNGAL levels than the control group (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that uAlb/uCr, uNGAL, FBG and TG levels were positively correlated with the progress of DN ( ruAlb/uCr= 0.16, ruNGAL=0.18, rFBG=0.41, and rTG=0.72, P<0.05); HDL-C was negatively correlated with the progress of DN (rHDL-C=-2.19, P<0. 01). ConclusionuNGAL level is significantly increased in DN patients and correlated with the degree of kidney damage. uNGAL may serve as an indicator for early diagnosis of DN. The elevated plasma glucose and blood lipids can accelerate the progress of DN.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the indications and feasibility of resecting liver metastases from ocular melanoma. Methods and ResultsFrom Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2010, 5 patients with liver metastases from ocular melanoma were admitted to our hospital and received abdominal exploration. The clinicopathologic features and the surgical results of the 5 patients were retrospectively analyzed together with the latest literatures home and abroad. All the 5 patients received aggressive surgical managements, and simultaneous intra-arterial hepatic chemoembolization (TACE) was done in three cases. One patient received liver biopsies only after discovery of multiple visceral metastases; the other 4 with multiple liver metastases underwent palliative liver resection. All the 5 patients had poor prognoses, with a median overall postoperative survival rate of 9.6 (3-26) months. ConclusionLiver metastases from ocular melanoma are impossible to detect in an early stage. With unclear surgical indications and poor prognosis, it remains hard to handle in clinical practice.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of family interaction on depression and anxiety in secondary vocational school students. MethodsA total of 95 students in a secondary vocational school in Shanghai were investigated by Family Assessment Device (FAD), Questionnaire of Systemic Family Dynamics (QSFD), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), State-Tand Anxiety Inuentory (STAI) and Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire (ALEQ). Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the data collected. ResultsFamily interaction and adolescent life events were both significantly correlated with depression and anxiety in the subjects (P<0.05). When the impact of adolescent life events was controlled, hierarchical regression analysis showed that affective intervention (β=0.417, P<0.01), affective reaction (β=0.275, P<0.05) and problem solving (β=0.223, P<0.05) were correlated with depression; affective reaction (β=0.414, P<0.05) was correlated with state anxiety; and affective reaction (β=0.333, P<0.01) and disease conception (β=-0.239, P<0.05) were correlated with trait anxiety. ConclusionIt is suggested that family interaction is correlated with depression and anxiety in secondary vocational school students, and family interaction may play an important role in mental health of secondary vocational school students.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for rationally evaluating the performance of military hospitals. MethodsThe performance of a military hospital (2009-2011) was evaluated from the following four domains: patient, finance, internal flow, and learning and growth. Multi-layer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to obtain the fuzzy membership of all the domains of the subjects, and the evaluation results were subjected to corresponding analysis. ResultsIt was found that the total proportion of “good” and “comparatively good” performance was 76.85% for a military hospital in 2009-2011. The overall performance degree of the hospital was “good” according to the maximal fuzzy membership principle. And corresponding analysis showed that the result was “moderate” for the financial domain, “poor” or “comparatively poor” for the patient domain, “good” for the internal flow domain, and “good” or “comparatively good” for the learning and growth domain. ConclusionMulti-layer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can properly handle the problem of multiple parameter integration in a system, and corresponding analysis makes the evaluation results more rational and more objective.

Abstract:1病例资料患者,女性,61岁,因“突发四肢麻木无力伴肢体感觉障碍2周”入我院。患者于2周前骑自行车时突感四肢无力,遂下车步行,30 min内上述症状迅速进展为四肢不全瘫表现,无法自行站立。至当地医院急诊行头颅CT、心电图、血糖等检查,均未见明显异常,故疑诊为脑卒中,予以营养神经、改善微循环、补液等对症治疗后留院观察。10余天后患者症状无明显缓解,X线检查示颈椎退变严重(图1A),MRI检查示颈椎曲度变直,C4/5、C5/6、C6/7椎间盘突出,中央偏左型,以C4/5为重,硬膜囊及神经根明显受压变形,相应水平椎管狭窄,脊髓呈高信号表现(图1B)。转入我院行进一步诊治。患者既往有颈部不适病史10余年,未行特殊诊治；2周前骑车时轻微颠簸行驶后即自发出现四肢无力伴双上肢、双侧腹股沟平面以下肢体麻木。查体: 平车推入病室,颈椎活动明显受限,脊柱各棘突、棘突间隙、棘突旁无压痛、叩击痛及放射痛。双上肢、双侧腹股沟平面以下肢体触觉、痛觉减退,位置觉、振动觉未见异常。四肢肌张力增强,肌肉无明显萎缩,双手精细动作障碍。双上肢肌力4-级,双手肌力1级,双下肢肌力0级。四肢腱反射亢进,双侧髌阵挛、踝阵挛阳性,双侧Hoffmann征阳性,双侧Babinski征阳性。诊断: (1)脊髓型颈椎病(JOA 9分)；(2)颈脊髓压迫症伴四肢不全瘫。在完善术前检查并排除手术禁忌证后于全麻下行C4/5、C5/6、C6/7颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合内固定术。术后常规予以预防感染、激素抗炎和雾化吸入等治疗。术后患者症状明显改善,肢体痛温觉减退平面从腹股沟平面下降至膝平面,四肢肌力显著增加: 双上肢肌力4级,双手肌力3级,双下肢肌力2级。术后第2天复查颈椎正侧位片,见颈椎内固定植入物位置良好(图1C)。出院后口服营养神经药物2个月,并行高压氧治疗2个疗程(2 h×10 d)以促进神经功能进一步改善。术后半年随访时患者四肢肌力进一步改善,已可下地行走,四肢麻木症状较术前显著改善。术后1年随访X线片示植骨融合满意(图1D),患者神经功能与术后半年时基本一致。