Abstract:To explore therapeutic value of radiotherapy combined retrograde ureteral catheterization on Cervical cancer complicated with ureteral obstruction. Methods 63 cases of cervical cancer patients complicated with ureteral obstruction were retrospectively analyzed With ureteral stent guided by cystoscope，retrograde double J stent was performed before Concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Ureteral stents success rate and renal function were compared before and after cannulation. The effect of ureteral stent placement on radiotherapy in Cervical cancer complicated with ureteral obstruction was observed. Results 50 of 63 patients were Successful in retrograde ureteral catheterization. Renal function significantly improved compared with the pre-operation. The overall response rate was 94％ (47／50)，including CR，35 cases；PR，l 2 cases；NC，3 cases．Double J tube had no significant effect on radiation therapy. Conclusions Radiotherapy combined retrograde ureteral catheterization is an effective method to treat cervical cancer complicated with ureteral obstruction. The technique is easy and safe without complications．

Abstract:Objective To determine whether bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after bone marrow transplantation can be predicted in light of air trapping. Methods Thirty three cases of BOS (BOS group) and 111 normal patients (normal group) were comparatively reviewed for the CT characteristics (including frequency, dynamic change and diagnostic potency) of air trapping. The analysis was mainly based on the last CT scans before occurrence of BOS. Results The frequency of air trapping, especially mosaic air trapping or extensive air trapping, was higher in the BOS group than in the normal group (P=0.03). The median total air trapping score was higher in the BOS group than in the normal group (P=0.01). The increase of air trapping extent with the progress of disease was more common in the BOS group (50.0%, 9/18), whereas a decrease of air trapping extent, disappearance or intermittent appearance of air trapping was more common in the normal group (60.0%, 15/25) during the follow up period. When mosaic air trapping or extensive air trapping was used as the diagnostic threshold, the specificity was high (90.5%, 96.7%), but the sensitivity was low (29.4%, 15.8%). Conclusion Occurrence of air trapping is a clue for development of BOS in patients receiving bone marrow transplantation. Mosaic air trapping and extensive air trapping are insensitive but specific CT findings.

Abstract:Objective To prepare a mouse monoclonal antibody against human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), and to apply it for detecting ASGPR expression in cell lines and tissues. Methods The structure of ASGPR H1 major subunit was analyzed and the full length of ASGPR1 was selected to synthesize immunizing peptide. cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and then subcloned into prokaryotic vector pGEX-4T-1. The recombinant protein was expressed by E. coli BL21 and purified for subsequent immunization. The conventional hybridoma technique was used to generate mouse monoclonal antibody. The isotype and the titer were regularly tested. Inhibition experiment was conducted to identify the specific binding of the antibody to ASGPR. Finally, the expression of ASGPR was detected in various intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic cell lines by flow cytometry and in different liver tissues by immunohistochemistry method. Results Monoclonal antibody against human ASGPR was successfully prepared and was identified as IgG1, with the titer reaching 112 800. Inhibition experiment indicated a satisfactory specific binding of the antibody to ASGPR and that the recognition epitope was located in the extracellular domain of ASGPR. Flow cytometric analysis showed various levels of ASGPR expression in intra-hepatic cell lines, but not in extra-hepatic cell lines. Immunohistochemistry detection showed that ASGPR was specifically expressed in the normal liver tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and the expression in HCC tissues was associated with the differentiation degree, with the expression being significantly higher in well-differentiated HCC than that in the poorly-differentiated HCC (75.0% vs 28.6%, P<0.05). Conclusion We have successfully prepared the monoclonal antibody against human ASGPR with high specificity; the antibody can be used for flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry detection of ASGPR and for clinical distinguish of primary or metastatic liver cancer.

Abstract:Objective To determine the role of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) superoxide in mediating the chronic heart failure (CHF)-induced reduction in baroreflex control of sympathetic activity. Methods CHF model was produced by coronary ligation in SD rats, and rats receiving sham operation (Sham) served as controls. Changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity control of sympathetic activity were observed after microinjections of SOD mimic Tempol into the NTS in Sham and CHF rats. Results In anesthetized rats, the baseline level of sympathetic nerve activity was significantly higher in CHF group than in Sham group (P<0.05), whereas the baroreflex sensitivity control of sympathetic activity was lower in CHF group than in Sham group. Bilateral microinjection of Tempol (10 nmol in 50 nL) into the NTS had no effect on baseline RSNA and baroreflex sensitivity in the Sham group. In contrast, injection of Tempol notably reduced the baseline RSNA and increased baroreflex sensitivity in CHF group. Conclusion Superoxide in the NTS contributes to sympathetic overactivity and baroreflex impairment in rats with CHF, suggesting that increased oxidative stress in the NTS is responsible for cardiovascular dysfunctions in CHF.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of early life chronic stress on spatial learning and memory and hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 5-HT levels in puberty pathological aggression rats. Methods Twenty 21-day-old male rats were evenly randomized into 2 groups: experimental group and control group. Animals in the experimental group, from the early life till puberty, were given a series of stresses, including social isolation, reversed night and day, frustration test of non-reward, and resident intruder confrontations, etc. Resident intruder experiment was used to examine the aggressiveness of the animals; water maze experiments were performed to observe their spatial learning and memory. Immunohistochemistry method was used to test the expression of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus. Results Morris water maze test showed that the total distance of the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P>0.05), and the experimental group had significantly less crossing times of hidden platform and escape latency compared with the control group (P<0.05); the ratios of central area distance/total distance were similar in the two groups. Immunohistochemistry findings showed that BDNF and 5-HT positive neurons were significantly less in the hippocampus of experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05), and hippocampal BDNF and 5-HT expression in the experimental group was decreased. Conclusion BDNF and 5-HT may participate in the regulation of spatial learning and memory in the puberty pathological aggression rats, and they may play an important regulating role in spatial learning and memory.

Abstract:Objective To compare the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL) on proliferation and cell cycle of cultured rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Methods BMSCs were obtained from twenty 4-week-old SD rats using the whole bone marrow isolation and cultivation method and were identified with flow cytometry. Blood samples were taken from the hearts of thirty 12-week-old SD rats and gradient centrifugation was used to prepare PRP, and PL was obtained after three times of centrifugation and repeated freezing and thawing. The third generation of BMSCs with good growth state were divided into seven groups according to different culture media: ordinary complete medium (A group), 1% PRP-conditioned medium (B group), 1% PL-conditioned medium (C group), 5% PRP-conditioned medium (D group), 5% PL-conditioned medium (E group), 10% PRP-conditioned medium (F group), and 10% PL-conditioned medium (G group). The proliferation of BMSCs was assessed by MTT assay. The PCNA protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence method. Cell cycle of BMSCs was tested by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was used to analyze CyclinD1 and p27 Kip1 protein expression of BMSCs. Results The proliferation of BMSCs was significantly promoted by 1%, 5%, 10% PRP- and 1%, 5%, 10% PL-conditioned media after cultured for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), with the effect of PRP and PL being similar at the same concentration (P>0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that PRP and PL both significantly promoted PCNA protein expression in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that different concentrations of PRP- and PL-conditioned media, compared with the ordinary complete medium, resulted in gradually reduced cells in G0/G1 phase, gradually increased cells in S, G2/M phase, and significantly increased PI (P<0.05), with the changes in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effects of the same concentration of PRP and PL on cell cycle were not significantly different (P>0.05). Western blotting analysis showed that 5% PRP and 5% PL significantly up-regulated CyclinD1 and down-regulated the expression of p27 Kip1. Conclusion Different concentrations of PL and PRP can accelerate cell cycle progression of cultured rat BMSCs by up-regulation CyclinD1 and inhibiting p27 Kip1, promoting the proliferation of BMSCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PL and PRP at the same concentration have the same proliferation-promoting effect, indicating that PL may be used as an alternative of PRP to promote the repair of bone defects.

Abstract:Objective To study the expression of human-mammaglobin (hMAM) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in breast cancer tissues, and to analyze its relationship with biological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The expression of hMAM, VEGF-C andVEGFR-3 was determined by immunohistochemical technique in 116 breast cancer tissues and 44 adjacent normal tissues (from cancer tissue≥5 cm) using tissue microarray technology (TMA). Results (1) The positive rates of hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in primary breast carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues ( 59.48% \[69/116\] vs 0.00%, 50.86% \[59/116\] vs 9.09% and 61.20% \[71/116\] vs 18.18%, respectively, all P<0.01). (2)The positive rates of hMAM , VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were significantly correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis, and the positive rates of hMAM , VEGFR-3 were significantly correlated with histological gradings (all P<0.05). (3) Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the positive rates of hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in breast cancer tissues were all significantly correlated with each other, with correlation coefficients being 0.278, 0.280, and 0.244, respectively, all P<0.05). (4)Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival of patients with negative expression of HMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were significantly prolonger compared to those with positive expression (Log-rank test, P<0.05). Conclusion hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 are highly expressed in breast cancer patients, which might be associated with the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, and hMAM expression might be related to the lymphangiogenesis of breast cancer.

Abstract:Objective To determine the positive judgement standard of K-ras mutation detection method peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-PCR/K-ras (previously established in our laboratory) and to assess its diagnostic value for colorectal cancer tissues. Methods Plasmids with K-ras codon 12 mutation and plasmids with K-ras wild-type plasmids were mixed and serially diluted into standard samples (mutation/total: 0, 1/3 200, 1/1 600, 1/800, 1/400, 1/200, 1/100 ) for six independent tests. The mutation CT, total CT and ΔCT (mutation CT-total CT) values were obtained by PNA-PCR/K-ras method. After the cut-off values of the mutation CT and ΔCT for K-ras diagnosis were identified by ROC analysis, the diagnostic criteria for K-ras mutation was defined by combining both the cut-off values of the mutation CT and ΔCT. A comparison was made between K-ras diagnostic rate by PNA-PCR/K-ras method and direct sequencing for 35 colorectal cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues. Results The mutation CT and ΔCT values for 1/800 and the above standard samples were significantly different from those of the negative samples(P<0.05), with the optimum cut-off values of mutation CT and ΔCT being 41.7 and 15.4, respectively. The diagnostic criteria (mutation CT≤41.7 or ΔCT≤15.4) for K-ras mutation was set up as AUC-ROC 0.955 (P=0.001). According this diagnostic criteria, the K-ras mutation diagnostic rates in each concentration gradient of the standard samples (0, 1/3 200, 1/1 600, 1/800, 1/400, 1/200, and 1/100) were 0%,66.7%,83.3%,100%,100%,100%,and 100%,receptivity, with the upper diagnostic limit being 1/800. The diagnostic rates of K-ras mutation by our method and by direct sequence method for colorectal cancer tissues were 45.7%(32/70) and 18.6%(13/70), respectively, showing significant difference (P=0.000). Conclusion PNA-PCR/K-ras method has higher sensitivity and positive detection rate than direct sequencing method for colorectal cancer tissues.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia on postoperative prognosis of radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer. Methods A total of 66 patients with bladder urothelial cancer undergoing radical cystectomy surgery were divided into hypoxia group (OH group, n=19) and the normoxic group (NS group, n=47). Immunohistochemical examination was used to examine the expression of HIF-1α and CD105-assessed microvessel density (MVD). The survival of the patients was followed up and the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for analyzing the survival of the two groups, and a Cox model was established to analyze correlation of each variable with the survival time. Results In the OH group, the positive rate of HIF-1α was 89.5% (17/19) in the tumor tissues, the MVD value was 53.1±19.0, and the median survival time was 56 months; the corresponding values in the NS group were 66.0% (31/47), 40.1±15.2, and 82 months, respectively. The clinical stages, Hb levels, HIF-1α expression, and MVD values were significantly different between the two groups (P＜0.05). Advanced tumor stage, hypoxia state，high HIF-1α expression and high MVD value in tumor tissues were associated with a shorter survival of patients, and high Hb was associated with a longer survival of patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Hypoxic state can lead to increased HIF-1α expression and microvessel density in bladder cancer tissues, which is harmful for patient prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the suboccipitalretrosigmoid approach-related anatomy for cranial nerve microvascular decompression, so as to provide clinical anatomical data for microvascular decompression. Methods Eight adult cadaveric heads were fixed in 10% formalin and purfused with emulsion, and then were used to simulate the operation approach. Dissections were performed gradually; the anatomy variations and neurovascular travelling, especially the upper/middle/lower neurovascular complex in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) region, were observed and measured. Results The distance between the site of trigeminal nerve going into the brain stem to the meeting point of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses was (4.4±0.2) cm; the distance between facial nerve going out of the brain stem to the meeting point of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses was (4.1±0.2) cm. The distance from midpoint of horizontal fissure of the cerebellum to anterior bone wall (the width of the CPA cistern) was (0.2±0.1) cm and the height of flocculus was (0.3±0.1) cm. Conclusion It is of great significance for clinical surgery to, via the suboccipitalretrosigmoid approach, dissect the neurovascular tissues in CPA, with focus on the relationship between important neural and vascular tissues, including the bone window, petrosal veins, and the upper/middle/lower neurovascular complex.

Abstract:Objective To clarify the toxicity reducing mechanism of vinegar-processed Kansui by comparing the plasma metabonomic profiles induced by Kansui and vinegar-process Kansui treatments. Methods Totally 30 SD rats were divided into five groups: controls, 7.875 g/kg Kansui, 15.75 g/kg Kansui, 7.875 g/kg vinegar-processed Kansui and 15.75 g/kg vinegar-processed Kansui. The treatments lasted for 2 weeks. The plasma samples were obtained before, immediately after and 7 days after withdrawal of drugs; the ¹HNMR spectra of each sample were obtained and analyzed by orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method. Results Compared with Kansui groups, vinegar-processed Kansui increased plasma lipids, 3-hydrobutyrate and glucose, and decreased the levels of lactate and creatine/creatinine; furthermore, the spectra profiles of vinegar-processed Kansui groups were closer to those of the control group. Seven days after drug withdrawal, the rats of vinegar-processed Kansui groups recovered better than those in Kansui groups. Conclusion Vinegar-processed Kansui has toxicity-reducing effect; it can regulate the metabolism of energy and fat, and reduce the toxicity to the liver and kidney. Plasma metabonomics study based on ¹HNMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis can be used to explore the toxicity-reducing mechanism of vinegar-processed Kansui.

Abstract:Objective To identify the constituents and metabolites of epimedium in rat plasma by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-TOF/MS) after intragastric administration, so as to explore the active ingredients and metabolites of epimedium in vivo. Methods The separation was performed on a SHISEIDO MG C₁₈ reverse phase column (3.0 mm×100 mm,3 μm)．The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile was used as gradient elute．The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, post-column split ratio was 31, and the temperature of column was 25℃. Time-of-flight mass spectrometer(TOF/MS) and electrospray ion source (ESI) were applied for qualitative analysis under positive ion mode, with the mass scan range being m/z 100-1 000. Results Three prototype constituents and 4 metabolites of epimedium were identified in rat plasma. Conclusion A rapid and efficient RRLC-TOF/MS method has been established for studying the constituents and metabolites of epimedium in vivo, which provides a reference for further pharmacodynamics experiments.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the fragments of 3 isoflavones and their isoflavone aglycones of Semen Sojae Praeparatum by electron spray ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and to study the fragmentation pathway by major fragment ions. Methods Samples were fed into the instrument in the positive and negative modes, and the fragments of the samples were yielded by multi-stage ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn). The fragment ions of isoflavones and their isoflavone aglycones were analyzed. Results In the positive mode, ion peaks m/z 417, 255, 227, 199, 137, and 119 were detected for daidzin and daidzein; m/z 447, 285, 270, and 229 for glycitin and glycitein; and m/z 433, 271, 253, 243, 215, and 153 for genistin and genistein. In negative mode, ion peaks m/z 461, 415, 253, 225, 209, and 197 were detected for daidzin and daidzein; m/z 491, 445, 283, and 268 for glycitin and glycitein; and m/z 477, 269, 268, and 225 for genistin and genistein. Conclusion In the positive mode, daidzin and daidzein are fragmented by losing -Glu and -CO and Retro Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction; glycitin and glycitein are fragmented by losing -Glu, -CO, and -CH3; genistin and genistein are fragmented by losing -Glu, -CO, -H2O and RDA reaction. In negative mode, ions fragment \[M+HCOO\]- is produced by isoflavone glucosides, and daidzin and daidzein are fragmented by losing -Glu, -CO, -2CO and -CO2; glycitin and glycitein are fragmented by losing -Glu, -H, and -CH3; and genistin and genistein are fragmented by losing -Glu, -H, and -CO2.

Abstract:Objective To summarize our experience on the first clinical case of transperitoneal 3D laparoendoscopic single-site(LESS) nephrectomy in mainland China, and to assess its safety and feasibility after obtaining the informed consents. Methods On August 5, 2013, we performed a 3D LESS nephrectomy using Karl Storz 3D endoscope and a multi-channel Quad-Port (Olympus^TM) through a 3 cm skin incision at our institute. The patient was a 69 years old man, with a body mass index(BMI) of 27.7 kg/m2 and a preoperative serum creatinine level of 81 μmol/L. ^99mTc DTPA was used to determine the glomerular filtration rate(GFR). The preoperative unilateral renal function was 65 mL/min for the left side and 9.5 mL/min for the right side. And therefore he was diagnosed as “right kidney severe hydrocephalus” and received right nephrectomy. A 3 cm external retus incision was made at the umbilicus level at 1 cm site. After dissection of the renal pedicle blood vessels the renal blood vessels, the ureterogonadal packet was left en bloc and transected at the level when crossing the common iliac vessels. The kidney was extracted through the original incision after the skin incision was extended to 4 cm. Results The procedure was smoothly completed without any extra skin incision. The operating time was 154 min, with an estimated blood loss of 150 mL. The gastrointestinal function recovered on the first day after operation. Postoperative serum creatinine level on the first day was 76 μmol/L. Donor Visual Analog Pain Scores at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3 were 2/10, 1/10 and 0/10, respectively. The recovery of the patient was uneventful and he was discharged on the 3^rd postoperative day. Conclusion Transperitoneal 3D laparoendoscopic single-site nephrectomy is safe, feasible and effective. It has the clinical benefits of less pain, rapid recovery and small incision. The procedure allows for a strong stereo perception, accurate manipulation, and a decreased demand for hand-eye coordination of hand, with a promising clinical future. But more clinical experience needs to be accumulated through more cases.

Abstract:Objective To extract and identify the chemical constituents of Rabdosia japonica. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structures of the compounds were determined by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra1 analysis. Results Totally 10 compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as four triterpenoids: oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid (3), 2α, 23-dihydroxyursolic acid (4)；six flavonoids:quercetin (5), apiginin (6), luteolin (7), rutin (8), isorhamnetin (9), and tricin (10). Conclusion Isorhamnetin (9) and tricin (10) had been isolated from this plant for the first time

Abstract:Objective To develop an RP-HPLC method for determination of tanshinol, protocatechualdehyde, paeoniflorin, puerarin, ferulic acid, tanshinone ⅡA and astragaloside in blood-invigorating and stasis-removing prescription (BSP). Methods The analysis was performed with a column of Waters Symmetry Shield^TM RP C₁₈ (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm), and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.25% acetic acid. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and the column temperature was 30℃. UV was employed to determine the contents of tanshinol, protocatechualdehyde, paeoniflorin, puerarin, ferulic acid and tanshinone ⅡA, and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was employed to determine the contents of astragaloside. The temperature of drift tube was 90℃ and the gas flow was 2.8 L/min (compressed air). Results The linearity was obtained over 0.01-0.80 μg (r=0.999 8) for tanshinol, 0.005-0.4 μg (r=0.999 7) for protocatechualdehyde, 0.05-4 μg (r=0.999 8) for paeoniflorin, 0.005-0.4 μg (r=0.999 7) for puerarin, 0.006-0.5 μg (r=1) for ferulic acid, 0.005-0.4 μg (r=1) for tanshinone ⅡA, and 0.031-2.46 μg (r=0.999 3) for astragaloside. The recoveries were all between 97.0%-101.0%, and RSDs were all less than 2%. The contents (mean) of tanshinol, protocatechualdehyde, paeoniflorin, puerarin, ferulic acid, tanshinone ⅡA and astragaloside in three batches of samples were 1.15, 0.13, 4.48, 0.80, 0.72, 0.31 and 3.12 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion The method in our study is convenient, accurate and sensitive, and it provides a reference for the determination of active ingredients in BSP.

Abstract:Ent-labdane diterpenoid lactones, the principal constituents of Andrographis paniculata, have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anti-cancer effect, etc. In this review the biotransformations of four principal ent-labdane diterpenoid lactones of A. paniculata are discussed from the following aspects: substrates and types of reaction, transformation systems, and structure activity relationships. Moreover, the currently-existing problems and the prospects are also described to provide reference for further studying the biotransformation of ent-labdane diterpenoid lactones of A. paniculata.

Abstract:Objective To assess the efficacy and clinical significance of the step-step training model in team training of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods The step-step training model was applied in team training for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy to improve the operating skills and team collaboration. The step-step training model was divided into four stages. The first stage was model training, in which the surgeons became familiar with the da Vinci Surgical System through passing needle, picking up beans, cutting paper, and peeling grape skins. The second stage was live animal experiment, in which robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy was performed on male dogs not castrated (5 years old, weighing 20-22 kg), allowing the surgeons to become familiar with the procedure of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and the key techniques. The third stage was learning based on discussion, in which the trainees were divided into two groups; each group watched the classical operation videos of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, and then discussed the operation procedure, anatomical key points, collaboration skills so as to standardize the surgical procedure. The fourth stage was clinical practice, in which patients were chosen for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, and the operation team watched the operation video and made discussion, summarization and put forward improving advice at the very night of operation. Results We finished 20 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy within 10 months by step-step training model. The operation time was reduced from 300 min for the first case to 150 min for the twentieth case, with the average operation time being 185 min. The mean blood loss was 160 mL. The surgeries were all successful without complications or converting to open surgery. The 4 stage training took about 10 months. Conclusion Our step-step training model for team training can shorten the learning curve, improve the success rates, and reduce the complications of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.

Abstract:Objective To discuss the diagnosis, treatment and long term prognosis of the spinal hemangioblastoma. Methods The clinical data of 33 spinal hemangioblastoma cases, verified by microsurgeries and pathological results, were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-four of them were males and nine were females. The magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed that the 33 cases included 1 medulla-cervical hemangioblastoma, 9 cervical hemangioblastomas, 2 cervical-thoracic hemangioblastomas, 16 thoracic hemangioblastomas, 1 thoracic-lumbar hemangioblastoma, and 4 lumbar hemangioblastomas. Results Total removal of hemangioblastomas was achieved in 32 patients and subtotal removal in 1, with no operation associated death. Post-operative follow-up period ranged from 16 months to 12 years. According to the McCormick scale, the functional outcomes were verified as 15(45.5%) improved, 14(42.4%) unchanged, and 4(12.1%) deteriorated. According to the Klekamp-Samii score, the functional outcomes were verified as 24(72.7%) improved, 5(15.2%) unchanged, and 4(12.1%) deteriorated. Fisher’s exact test showed that the pre-operation neuronal function was significantly associated with the prognosis (P=0.033). Conclusion Spinal hemangioblastomas are highly vascularized benign tumors, and should be resected early when the symptoms or signs present. Microsurgery is the prior protocol of treatment, and the prognosis after microsurgery is generally fine. Post-operative functional status is determined by pre-operation functional status. Klekamp-Samii score system is more suitable for the functional evaluation of spinal hemangioblastoma.

Abstract:Objective To optimize the constitutions of the rescue process and medical support teams for submarine rescue, so as to provide new method for evaluating the medical service performance. Methods Using the MedModel software, we established the simulation model of rescue process according to the constitution and work flow for submarine rescue and five ways of getting out of the water. The mean waiting time of 5 ways was calculated. Results According to the ways of getting out of water, the mean waiting time of each way were calculated and the allocation of medical resources were optimized, making the total waiting time meeting the need of medical rescue team. Conclusion This paper optimizes the rescue process and constitution of the rescue team, saving the medical resources, reducing the total waiting time of the wounded, and providing a new method for evaluating medical serves.

Abstract:Objective: our study was to investigate the effect of hepaCAM gene on cell cycle of bladder cancer cell line T24 and BIU-87. Method: Adenovirus vector with hepaCAM was infected into T24 and BIU-87 cells. The expression of hepaCAM mRNA and protein were measured byRT-QPCR and Western-blot. Immunofluorescence detected the cellular localization of hepaCAM. The distribution of cell cycle was analyzed by FCM. The protein expression of cyclinD1 was measured by Westein-blot. Result: The expression of hepaCAM mRNA and protein was increased in two cell lines infected with pAdH5-hepaCAM. The G0/G1 cycle was increased in infected cells, and the protein expression of cyclinD1 was decreased in same cells. Immunofluorescence revealed that hepaCAM protein localized on cytoplasm in well-spread cells, otherwise it localized on the junction of each cell. Conclusion: T24 and BIU-87 cells that infected pAdH5- hepaCAM was blocked in G0/G1 cycle, and it can decreased the protein expression of cyclinD1.

Abstract:Objective: To search for the efficient antifungal activity compounds, and to discuss their structure-activity relationships. Methods: Twenty 2-[(1-substituted phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylthio]-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4- oxadiazole compounds have been designed,and synthesized.. The broth microdilution method was performed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of all the compounds to six pathogenic fungi. Results: All the title compounds exhibited potent antifungal activities against the six pathogenic fungi to some extent. Conclusion: The activity of the compounds would be enhanced when the substituted groups on the benzene ring were smaller.