Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of prostate cancer related long non-coding RNAs (PCRL) in prostate cancer and its biological function. Methods The expression levels of PCRL in prostatic cancer tissues, adjacent tissues and tissues of other organs were examined by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of PCRL in androgen-dependent (LNCaP-AD), androgen-independent (LNCaP-AI) prostatic cancer cell lines and normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) were also compared by using qRT-PCR. Finally, the expression levels of androgen receptor were compared between LNCaP-AD and LNCaP-AI prostatic cancer cells by qRT-PCR after siRNA interference of PCRL expression. Results PCRL were highly expressed in the prostate and prostatic cancer tissues. Expression of PCRL was notably higher in LNCaP-AI cells than in LNCaP-AD and RWPE-1 cells. Interference of PCRL expression in LNCaP-AI and LNCaP-AD cells significantly increased androgen receptor level (P<0.000 1 for LNCaP-AI cells). Conclusion Overexpression of PCRL in prostatic cancer is related to the progression of prostatic cancer; and regulatory relation may exist between PCRL and androgen receptor.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of wnt3 upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse hepatic progenitor cells(14-19 cells). Methods Ad-GFP-wnt3 virus and blank Ad-GFP were transfected into 14-19 cells; cell morphology was observed under microscope. The migration ability of 14-19 cells was examined by wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in 14-19 cells was detected by real-time PCR　and Western blotting analysis. Results Microscopic observation found that　14-19 cells changed from an　epithelial characteristic shape into a spindle-like shape.　Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay showed that the migration ability of 14-19 cells highly expressing wnt3 was significantly enhanced compared with the blank control group(P<0.01). Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, vimentin and twist1 were significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels in Ad-GFP-wnt3 virus group than the blank control group, while the epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly　decreased at mRNA and　protein levels(P<0.01). Conclusion Wnt3 can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse hepatic progenitor cells, indicating that wnt3 may take part in the progress of hepatic fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective To obtain a chimera composed of annexin B1 (AnxB1) and melittin (MLT) and to investigate its inhibitory effect on phosphatidylserine liposome activity and SMMC7721 and HepG2 cell proliferation. Methods A fusion gene AnxB1-MLT was constructed by overlap extension gene splicing and then was inserted into plasmid pGEX-5T. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli strain K802 and induced by IPTG at low temperature. The expression condition was optimized and GST affinity chromatography column was used for purification. Calcium-dependent phospholipid binding assay was used to determine whether the chimera kept the activity of AnxB1. CCK8 analysis was employed to investigate the effect of AnxB1-MLT on SMMC7721 and HepG2 cell proliferation. Results After being inserted into the expression plasmid, AnxB1-MLT protein expressed in K802 cells, with a high level recombinant protein induced by 0.2 mmol/L IPTG at 22-24℃ for 4 h. The protein AnxB1-MLT was purified by using GST affinity chromatography column (a band at 63 000) and the purification of the final purified protein was >95%. AnxB1-MLT was able to bind to phosphatidylserine liposome in a calcium-dependent manner. CCK8 analysis indicated that AnxB1-MLT inhibited SMMC7721 and HepG2 cell proliferation at a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion We have successfully constructed a chimera AnxB1-MLT, which retains the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding activity of AnxB1, and can inhibit the proliferation of hepatic cancer cell lines SMMC7721 and HepG2.

Abstract:Objective To explore the synergistic apoptosis-promoting effect of fenretinide (N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide, 4-HPR, a synthetic retinoic acid) with bortezomib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. Methods NSCLC A549 cells were treated with 4-HPR and bortezomib alone or in combination at different concentrations (2.5,5,10 and 20 μmol/L for 4-HPR; 0.1,0.2,0.4 and 0.8 μmol/L for bortezomib) for 24 h. MTT assay was performed to detect cell growth inhibition. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry were performed to analyze cell cycle. Annexin Ⅴ-FITC and PI double staining was performed to detect apoptosis. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis were performed to examine the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress protein CHOP. Results 4-HPR or bortezomib alone inhibited the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and combined treatment with both 4-HPR and bortezomib showed significantly a stronger anti-proliferative effect. Cell cycle analysis showed that the combination of the two drugs caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, with S phase cells significantly reduced. Compared with 4-HPR or bortezomib used alone, combination of both significantly enhanced the apoptosis of A549 cells, accompanied by enhanced expression of CHOP mRNA and protein, an endoplasmic reticulum stress marker. Conclusion Combination of 4-HPR and bortezomib can promote apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells, which provides an experimental basis for their combination treatment of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of Shenmai injection on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-associated lung injury and the possible mechanism in rats. Methods The animals were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (sham group, n=10), severe acute pancreatitis (SAP group, n=10) and Shenmai injection treatment group (SM group,n=10). The rat model of SAP was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate to the pancreatic duct. The rats in SM group were given Shenmai injection (8 mL/kg) via tail vein 10 min before sodium taurocholate injecting. 24 h after the model was made, 1 mL blood was drawn for serum amylase detection. Left lung tissues and pancreatic tissues were harvested for pathology and immunohistochemistry. Right lung tissue was homogenated for detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Results There were no obvious damages to pancreas and lung in the sham group. While in the SAP group, the plasma amylase was greatly increased, the pancreatic lobular structures were severely damaged, and the pulmonary alveoli were destroyed with inflammatory cell infiltration. The MPO activity, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the SAP lung tissues were significantly increased compared with those in the sham group (P<0.01). ICAM-1 and caspase-3 were strongly positive in the lung tissues of SAP group. These parameters in the SM group were improved compared with those in the SAP group. Conclusion Shenmai injection has a protective effect on SAP-associated lung injury, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of oxygen free radical and inflammatory content.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the causes of in-hospital death of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) patients and to analyze the independent predictors of the death. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 319 AMI patients who were treated from December 2006 to January 2012 in our hospital, and the data included the general condition, medical history and family history, admission examination, clinical diagnosis, complication, treatment and in-hospital death and the reasons. Results (1)The in-hospital mortality rate of AMI patients was 7.4% in the past five years in our hospital, with the rate of female being significantly higher than that of males (13.2% vs 5.9%,P=0.000), with those who received no operation being significant higher than those received (31.4% vs 3.4%,P=0.000), and with those received emergent operation being significantly higher than those received selective operation (5.0% vs 2.2%,P=0.008).The incidence rate of cardiogenic shock was 10.6% in patients with AMI, and they had an in-hospital death rate of 47.1%, with those received no operation being significantly higher than those received emergent and selective operation (80.4% vs 34.5%, 17.6%, P=0.000).(2)The in-hospital death (controlling gender) was positively associated with age, urea acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cystatin C, glucose, white blood cell, peak concentration of troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), presence of arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, Killip 3-4 group, placement of intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), and receiving no operation, and was negatively associated with red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and use of drugs.(3)Independent risk factors of in-hospital death of AMI patients included: female sex, older age, high level of blood urea nitrogen, glucose, peak concentration of troponin and BNP, presence of arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, Killip 3-4 group, receiving no operation, placement of IABP, and receiving no drugs. Conclusion Prompt reperfusion is the best treatment choice for AMI patients, especially for those presenting with cardiogenic shock. More emphasis should be given to predictors of in-hospital mortality, such as age, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, peak concentration of troponin and BNP; also cystatin C should be examined for more patients with AMI in clinic.

Abstract:Objective To study the expression of P63 in 76 patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TET, including thymomas and thymic carcinomas) and its role in pathological diagnosis of TET based on World Health Organization classification. Methods Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to detect P63 expression in 76 different subtypes of TET tissues. The initial diagnostic results, further diagnosis results and diagnostic results considering P63 expression were analyzed and compared. Results The further diagnosis results identified 9 cases of misdiagnosis (mainly AB and B subtypes) and 3 uncertain cases. Different degrees of P63 expression (located in the nuclei) was observed in 72 cases, and different subtypes had different expression patterns. The diagnostic results considering P63 expression were more accurate than those not considering P63 expression (TET, P=0.017 and thymoma, P=0.032, respectively). Detection of P63 expression helped to confirm the diagnosis of the 3 uncertain cases according to the further diagnosis results. Conclusion Considering that P63 expression can help to better differentiate the subtypes of thymoma, it should be used as a routine marker for clinical diagnosis, especially for AB and B subtype thymoma.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of timing of hemoperfusion (HP) on the efficiency of hemodialysis (HD) combined with HP, a kind of combined artificial kidney (CAK), in treating patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Totally 20 end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) (4 hours every time,3 times every week)for more than 3 months in the Blood Purification Department of Shanghai Tongji Hospital were enrolled in the present study from July 2012 to January 2013. All patients were alternately and randomly given two kinds of CAK (model A: HP was given during the first and second hours of HD; model B: HP was given during the third and forth hours of HD) in succession. Serum samples were harvested before and after CAK treatment and the toxin concentrations were measured in the same batch; the toxin concentrations after CAK were corrected by pre-treatment body weight and ultrafiltration quality. Efficiencies of different models of CAK were evaluated by the absolute and percentages of toxin concentration declines after treatment. Results All the toxins were significantly declined after treatment with both models of CAK (P<0.01). The clearance efficiencies for serum creatine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were not significantly different between the two models (P＞0.05). The decreases of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG) of model B were significantly greater than those of model A (P<0.05). Model B also led to significantly greater decline of interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), either in absolute value and/or percentage (P<0.05). The declines of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pentraxin 3(PTX-3) and the incidences of adverse events (low blood pressure, blood coagulation and so on) were not significantly different between the two models(P＞0.05). Conclusion Both models of CAK are significantly efficient in eliminating uremic toxins for MHD patient. Comparatively, model B CAK have better performance for eliminating iPTH, β₂-MG, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, without increasing adverse events, and is worth of popularizing in clinic.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of silver-containing Hydrofiber^R○ dressing in sealing the donor sites of the split-skin by comparing with traditional petrolatum gauge. Methods A prospective case-control study was performed from March 2012 to March 2013 in Department of Burn, Changhai Hospital. A total of 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were allocated into two groups according to the methods of sealing the donor sites. The donor sites of the study group(10 patients) were treated with silver-containing Hydrofiber^R○ dressing and those in the control group (20 patients) were treated with petrolatum gauge. For each study case, two cases with similar diagnosis were allocated as controls. The following data were recorded: demographic data, condition of donor sites, infection rate of the donor sites, time for re-epithelization of the donor sites, time of first postoperative dressing change, pain score and number of gauges soaked with blood during first postoperative dressing change.Results The study group needed a significantly shorter time for re-epithelization of the donor sites compared with the control group (\[9.60±0.84\] d vs \[10.90±1.02\] d,P<0.05). The study group also exhibited significantly lower pain score during first postoperative dressing change as compared with the control group (1.50±0.71 vs 3.75±0.79,P<0.05). The time interval between skin grafting and first postoperative dressing change in study group was significantly longer than that in the control group (\[7.30±0.48\] d vs \[5.45±1.64\] d,P<0.05). The number of gauges soaked with blood at the first postoperative dressing change in study group was significantly less than that in the control group (1.00±0.67 vs 3.10±0.85,P<0.05). Wound infection was not found in both study group and control group. Conclusion Silver-containing Hydrofiber^R○ dressing applied for the donor site of the split-skin can promote the healing of the donor sites, reduce local pain, and have satisfactory antiseptic and hemostatic effects, with acceptable therapeutic outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the controlling status of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Chongming County, a suburban region of Shanghai. Methods A total of 10,060 residents were selected from the Chengqiao Town of Chongming County by using random cluster sampling, and the subjects ranged in age 40-70 years old, with 989 of them previously diagnosed as T2DM patients. The level of control was evaluated according to Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guidelines (2010 version). Results (1) The 989 patients with T2DM had an average age of (56.41±7.78) years, a mean disease duration of (7.41±5.72) years and an average hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) level of (7.60±1.70)%. And 433(43.78%) patients had HbA_1c<7%. (2) The patients were divided into untreated group (accounting for 58.65%), oral hypoglycemic therapy group (33.16%), oral hypoglycemic agents plus insulin treatment group (4.25%), and insulin-treated group (3.94%); the average HbA_1c levels of the latter two groups were significantly higher than that of the untreated group, and the HbA_1c compliance rates were significantly lower than that of the untreated group (P<0.01). (3) For the 989 patients, the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG) were (1.17±0.30), (2.63±0.80) and (1.99±1.57) mmol/L, respectively; and 124(12.54%) patients had their HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG levels meeting the standard. We also found that 87.46% of the patients had diabetic dyslipidemia, but only 0.91% of them were taking lipid-lowering drugs. (4) For the 989 patients, the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was (138.45±19.17) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was (80.93±9.70) mmHg, with 23.46% of them having blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, 52.38% also having hypertension, and 27.70% taking antihypertensive drugs. (5) The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was (25.17±3.22) kg/m², with those BMI<24 kg/m² accounting for 36.30%. (6) Totally 13 (1.31%) patients had their glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, and BMI meeting the standard. Conclusion The control of blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure, and BMI of T2DM patients in our sample are greatly behind those required by Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guidelines (2010 version), and the starting time of insulin treatment has lagged far behind.

Abstract:Objective To synthesize three kinds of surface-modified gold nanoparticles and to compare their size distribution, zeta potential, surface morphology, and stability. Methods Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) stabilized gold nanoparticles (PVP-AuNPs), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB, a cationic lipid) coated gold nanoparticles (DODAB-AuNPs), and cysteamine modified gold nanoparticles (CA-AuNPs) were successfully synthesized by chemical reduction method. The size distribution, zeta potential, and surface morphology of the three kinds of gold nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and the stability of them was evaluated in various concentrations of sodium ions (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mol/L NaCl; pH=7.2) and at different pH values (1.0-14.0) by UV-Vis absorption spectra. Results The mean diameters of PVP-AuNPs, DODAB-AuNPs, and CA-AuNPs were (15.0±3.1) nm, (22.7±6.1) nm, and (18.0±4.6) nm, respectively; and their zeta potentials were (-19.7±4.1), (62.8±4.3), and (33.3±7.7) mV, respectively. It was also found that PVP-AuNPs and DODAB-AuNPs were very stable in NaCl solution and different pH environments. However, CA-AuNPs solution was sensitive to concentration of sodium ions and pH value changes and it could maintain stable only when the concentration of NaCl was 0.01 mol/L or the pH value was within 4.5-6.5; otherwise there would be aggregation. Conclusion The three kinds of gold nanoparticles have a nano spherical shape and good stability, with different surface potentials when modified with different ligands; these findings provide reference for design of drug delivery carriers.

Abstract:Objective To study the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of inhaled dry powder of nanoparticles-in-microparticles system (NiMS) loaded with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-anchored salmeterol xinafoate (SalX) in mice. Methods The asthma model was established by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. WGA-SalX-NiMS powder was delivered to mice through airway dry powder inhalation. Reference method was applied in this study. The lung tissue and airway inflammation were examined, and the pharmacokinetics of SalX in the plasma and lung tissue of mice were studied after the administration of WGA-SalX-NiMS. The concentration-time data was analyzed using Sigma State statistical package. Results Compared with the model group, the counts of white cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice in SalX-NiMS group and WGA-SalX-NiMS group showed a descending trend. The BALF counts of lymphocytes and macrophages in WGA-SalX-NiMS group were significantly less than those in SalX-NiMS group (P<0.05). The plasma pharmacokinetics parameters of mice were as follows: t_max 1.500 h, C_max 57.366 mg/L, t_1/2β 69.315 h, AUC_0-∞ 2 427.205 mg·L^-1·h, MRT_0-∞ 55.294 h for SalX-NiMS; t_max 1.000 h, C_max 62.581 mg/L, t_1/2β 69.315 h, AUC_0-∞ 4 071.838 mg·L^-1·h, MRT_0-∞ 75.094 h for WGA-SalX-NiMS. The pharmacokinetics parameters of lung tissue of mice were as follows: t_max 0.083 h, C_max 0.497 μg/mg, t_1/2β 11.231 h, AUC_0-∞ 3.936 μg·mg^-1·h, MRT_0-∞ 13.854 h for SalX-NiMS; t_max 0.083 h, C_max 0.796 μg/mg, t_1/2β 27.294 h, AUC_0-∞ 5.578 μg·mg^-1·h, MRT_0-∞ 26.330 h for WGA-SalX-NiMS. The drug concentrations of WGA-SalX-NiMS in both plasma and lung tissue were significantly higher than those of SalX-NiMS (P<0.05). Conclusion The drug release rate of SalX-NiMS is promoted and the drug concentrations in the plasma and lung tissue are increased after the modification with WGA, which contributes to the control and improvement of the airway inflammation during asthmatic attack.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the attitudes toward obese persons (ATOP) scale among college nursing students. Methods A Chinese version of ATOP was obtained by forward translation, synthesis, back translation, and culture adjusting; the content validity was examined by expert committee review. A total of 407 valid questionnaires of Chinese ATOP were completed by a convenient sample of college nursing students. The psychometric properties of ATOP were examined by content validity index (CVI) for content validity, critical ratio (CR) for item analysis, factor analysis for construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency reliability. Additionally, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability was tested in 20 nursing students after a two-week interval. Results The mean CVI of the Chinese version of ATOP was 0.97. The final Chinese version comprised 12 items and reflected 3 dimensions: different personalities, social difficulties and self-esteem, which explained 52.45% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis further supported this three-dimension structure (χ²=93.75, df=51,χ²/df=1.84, RMSEA=0.06, NNFI=0.91, CFI=0.93, IFI=0.93, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.89). The criterion-related validity was confirmed by the positive correlation between the total scores for ATOP and its subscale scores and the scores for internal weight locus of control. The internal consistency reliability evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.59-0.71 for the three subscales and the whole scale. The test-retest reliability across two weeks ranged from 0.52 to 0.83. There was a weak negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the self-esteem score. Nursing students who perceived themselves as overweight scored lower in the self-esteem factor and higher in the factor of different personality than those who did not. Conclusion The Chinese version of ATOP has satisfactory validity and acceptable reliability in measuring the attitudes toward obese persons, and can be used to evaluate the attitude of nursing students toward obesity.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of cefetamet hydrochloride injection on the activity of 3 kinds of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1) in rat liver microsomes. Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and cefetamet hydrochloride (CH) group, with each group containing 3 male rats and 3 female rats. The CH group was injected with cefetamet hydrochloride into the tail vein at 50 mg/(kg·d), twice a day for 7 days. A HPLC method was used for simultaneous determination of the production of metabolites and the degradation of the prototype probe substrates of 3 kinds of CYP450 isoforms, so as to evaluate the activity of hepatic CYP450. The analytical column was Diamonsil C₁₈ column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), with the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of methanol (0.1% formic acid) (A)-water (0.1% formic acid)(B), 0-5 min: 18%A, 5-10 min: 18%-60%A, 10-15 min: 60%A and detected at 247 nm for determination of CYP1A2 activities; methanol (A)-water (0.02% formic acid)(B), 0-11 min: 40%-60%A and detected at 223 nm for determination of CYP3A4 activities; and methanol (A)-water, 0-10 min: 37%-75%A and detected at 287 nm for determination of CYP2E1 activities. Results Probe substrates and their metabolites showed good linearity within the determining range (r≥0.999 7). The precision of the method was <6% (n=5) and extraction recoveries were 83.2%-97.5%. After 7-day injection of CH,CYP3A4 activities were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05); CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 activities were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion CH injection can significantly induce hepatic microsome CYP3A4 expression in SD rats, but has no induction or inhibition effect on CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, indicating that potential drug-drug interaction might occur when CH injection is co-administered with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

Abstract:β-arrestins, important soluble proteins mediating receptor desensitization, have diverse biological functions, such as regulating cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and gene transcription. β-arrestins regulate inflammatory and immune reactions by inhibiting the basal activity of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB and participating in Toll-like receptors (TLR)/NF-κB signal pathway-mediated NF-κB activation. β-arrestins are involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, asthma and so on. The study on β-arrestins will reveal the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases and provide new strategy for clinical treatment. Here we reviewed the recent progress on the role of β-arrestins in regulating the inflammatory diseases.

Abstract:Grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2), a mammalian homolog of Drosophila grainyhead (GRH), is involved in a variety of biological processes, including mammalian embryonic development, epidermal barrier maturation, epithelial wound healing, and central nervous system development. Notably, GRHL2 is also essential for tumor origination and development in various kinds of cancer tissues, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma. In these cancer cells, GRHL2 expression is markedly enhanced, and the gain of GRHL2 can significantly facilitate cancer cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. On contrast, in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related breast cancer, the down-regulated GRHL2 can promote the EMT process. The underlying mechanisms of GRHL2 in tumorigenesis remain complex and diverse, including the death receptor-mediated apoptosis, aberrant activation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT), EMT, and enhanced anoikis-sensitivity as well. We believe that further research on GRHL2 may cast new lights on cancer therapy.

Abstract:ATP2A2 is a member of ATP2As family; it encodes SERCA2b,a sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPases (SERCAs). As the main function of SERCA2b is to transport calcium from the cytosol to the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum, it plays a vital role in numerous calcium-related signaling pathways involving control of tumor growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis. Recent studies have identified the accurate change of ATP2A2 expression in some tumors, which makes the first step in investigating how ATP2A2 participates in tumorigenesis and whether it can be taken as a new tumor marker and target for treatment. Here we made a comprehensive review on the role of ATP2A2 in tumorigenesis, and it is believed that the abnormal expression of ATP2A2 can damage the calcium homeostasis between cytosol and sarco (endo) plasmic reticulum, accelerating malignant proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of the tumor. Moreover, we also discussed the prospect of research and application of ATP2A2.

Abstract:Objective To apply percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) guidewire (0.014 inch, 1 inch=2.54 cm) for introducing a sheath, and to assess its safety and efficacy in completing the transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Twenty-one patients were included in this study. They were scheduled to undergo elective coronary intervention via the radial artery from January 2012 to March 2013, with normal Allen’s test results, but the straight guidewire (0.025 inch) failed to be inserted through the needle after successful puncture of radial artery via Seldinger technique. Then a PTCA guidewire was used to gently access the radial artery instead of the straight guidewire to the brachial artery; the needle was removed and a 6F sheath was introduced into the radial artery over the PTCA guidewire, and the 5F coronary angiography catheter was advanced to the brachial artery, replacing the PTCA guidewire with a guidewire (0.035 inch) . Then the angiography was completed, and the artery sheath was removed immediately after PCI. The access site-related complications including hematomas, perforation, pseudoaneurysm, and vasovagal reaction were observed immediately after operation and for 3 days. Results The 6F sheath were advanced into the radial artery over the PTCA guidewire in all the 21 cases and coronary angiography were successfully completed. And coronary intervention was performed in twelve (57.1%) patients, with one patient having radial artery spasm. No extravasation of contrast media was noted immediately after operation; no vascular complications (access site bleeding, hematomas, pseudoaneurysm, and vasovagal reaction) were noted 3 days after operation; and the patients had a normal blood pressure after operation. Conclusion When the radial artery is successfully punctured and a straight guidewire (0.025 inch) failed to be inserted, PTCA guidewire can be used instead to deliver the sheath to complete PCI. The method is safe, effective, and can increase the success rate of puncture of the radial artery and therefore may be an alternative for radial artery puncture.

Abstract:Objective To construct and identify RNAi lentiviral expression vectors targeting human neurogenic differentiation gene (NeuroD). Methods The oligo DNA sequences of 4 pairs of shRNA, named as NeuroD1, NeuroD2, NeuroD3, and NeuroD4, were designed according to NeuroD gene sequence (GenBank:NM_002500). The single strand of oligo DNA was annealed to form double strand DNA, and then was cloned into the empty plasmid pcDNA^TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR. Four interference plasmids were constructed and transformed into competent cells DH5α. Interference carrier was transiently transfected into target cells and the interference effect against target genes was detected by real-time PCR．The interference plasmid pcDNA^TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-NeuroD1 was linked to lentiviral destination vector pLenti6.3/V5-DEST to form the lentiviral expression vector pLenti6.3-EGFP-NeuroD1-miR. Constructed lentiviral vector carrier and packaging plasmids (Packaging Mix) were cotransfected into 293T cells, and followed by packaging virus, collecting the virus stock solution, ultra-centrifugating, condensing, and detecting the titer．PCR method was used to identify the recombinant vector; enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was used to determine the titer and the infection rate of the recombinant lentivirus under fluorescent microscope. Results Four interference plasmids for target gene were successfully constructed. The sequences of expression vector pcDNA^TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-NeuroD1/2/3/4 were proven correct using sequencing method. miR-NeuroD1 sequence showed the best silencing effect after transfected into 293T cells (P<0.01). Restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis confirmed that the pcDNA^TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-NeuroD1 was successfully inserted into the lentivirus vector. The titer of the recombinant lentivirus harboring NeuroD1 shRNA was 1.18×108 ifu/mL. Conclusion The recombinant lentivirus pLenti6.3-EGFP-NeuroD1-miR has been constructed successfully, which lays a foundation for future study of NeuroD function.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021) on the histopathology of brain tissue after traumatic brain injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy SD rats, weighing 250 g, were evenly randomized into 4 groups: sham control group, model group, low dose BN52021 group and high dose BN52021 group. Rats in the latter 3 groups were made into fluid percussion brain injury models. After operation, the rats in the low and high dose BN52021 groups were treated with BN52021 (low dose: 1 mg/kg, ip, high dose: 5 mg/kg, ip, once daily for 7 days). On the 7^th day after treatment, cerebral tissues were harvested from each group, and the histopathological changes of brain tissue were observed by Fast blue, electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with sham control group,model group had significantly decreased neurons (P<0.05), increased OX-42 immunoreactive microglial cells and astrocytes (P<0.05), and cells positive for caspase-3 (P<0.05). Electron microscope found chromatin aggregation, nuclear fragmentation, rounder and larger mitochondria, void formation and disappeared cristae of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum hypertelorism, increased lysosomes, and nuclear membrane folding. Compared with model group,the low and high dose BN52021 groups had significantly decreased proportions of microglial cells and astrocytes (P<0.05), significantly decreased caspase-3 positive cells (P<0.05), and improved ultrastructure, with the improvement in the high dose group being more notable than that in the low dose group. Conclusion BN52021 has protective effect on the morphology of brain tissue in rats with traumatic brain injury.

Abstract:Objective To discuss the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and prognosis of primary malignant cardiac tumors. Methods and Results The clinical data of 13 patients with primary malignant cardiac tumors, who were surgically treated from January,1999 to May, 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. The 13 patients accounted for 9.22% (13/141) of patients with cardiac tumors who were surgically treated during the corresponding period. The diagnoses of the 13 cases were all comfirmed by echocardiography. Median sternotomy was performed in 12 cases and left anterolateral thoracotomy in 1. Complete resection of tumor was performed in 8 cases, subtotal resection in 1, and only biopsy in 4. The tumors arose from the right atrium in 3 cases, right ventricle in 3, left atrium in 4, left ventricle in 1, and right atrium combined with right ventricle in 2 cases. Pathological diagnoses included angiosarcoma in 3 cases, rhabdomyosarcoma in 3, mesenchymal sarcoma in 3, leiomyosarcoma in 2, undifferentiated sarcoma in 1, and fibromyxoid sarcoma in 1. There was no operative or in-hospital death, and all the patients were followed up after surgery. The median survival time of the entire group was 17.5 months (range, 1-76 months). The median survival time of the patients who underwent a complete or subtotal surgical excision was 18.5 months compared with 8 months for those who underwent only biopsy. Conclusion Malignant primary cardiac tumors are often found in the right heart. Echocardiography is the most important diagnostic method. The prognosis of malignant primary cardiac tumors is very poor. Surgical excision remains an effective method to improve the prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To identify the chemical constituents of volatile oil from the Chinese traditional medicine coastal glehnia root and to compare the differences between coastal glehnia root of different locations.Methods A total of 16 batches of the coastal glehnia root were collected from several major production areas from September 2012 to March 2013, and then they were ground into powder. The volatile oil was extracted from the powder samples using the methods described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia Appendix. Gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS) was used to get the spectra of volatile oil of each sample and NIST 11.0 database was used to identify the chemical constituents of coastal glehnia root. Results and Conclusion From 16 batches of 48 coastal glehnia root volatile oil samples, we identified 12 common components. The 12 common chemical constituents can serve as the characteristic composition of volatile oil of the coastal glehnia root, and falcarinol is the major main chemical constituent. The three batches collected from Hebei province had fewer chemical components and lower contents. We also found that the coastal glehnia root samples with root bark had more volatile oil components and higher contents than the samples without bark; moreover, eicosapentaenoic acid was only found in the samples with root bark. Peeling the bark may reduce the contents of some volatile oils such as eicosapentaenoic acid, which may affect the medicinal activity of the coastal glehnia root.

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