Abstract:Objective To study the genes involved in vacuole biogenesis in Candida albicans, so as to identify potential targets for antifungal drugs. Methods Five genes with potential involvement in vacuole biogenesis, ORF19.2734, ORF19.6950, ORF19.6605, ORF19.2006, and ORF19.5780, were selected for this study. The disruption of these target genes in Candida albicans was achieved by homologous recombination. Then the growth rate, hyphal formation, sensitivity to stresses, and the vacuole morphology of the mutants were analyzed. Results The disruptions of ORF19.6950, ORF19.6605, ORF19.2006, or ORF19.5780 resulted in no difference from the wild type strain in terms of growth rate, hyphal formation, sensitivity to stresses, and the vacuole morphology. The disruption of ORF19.2734 led to slower growth and higher sensitivity to ketoconazole, but showed no noticeable changes in vacuole mophogenesis. RT-PCR analysis found that mRNA expression of MDR1, ERG11, and ERG2 in the null mutant of ORF19.2734 was decreased compared with the wild type strain. Conclusion The null mutant of ORF19.2734 down-regulates the expression of MDR1, ERG11, and ERG2, therefore contributing to the increased sensitivity to azoles. Our results suggest that ORF19.2734 may be a potential treatment target for drug resistance in C. albicans.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) treatment and hepatic branch of the vagus on hypoglycemic outcome and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) in rats with type 2 diabetes, and the interaction of between the two. Methods Totally 45 type 2 diabetic rats were divided into four groups: sham operation (S group, n=10), sham operation with hepatic branch of the vagus resected (SV group, n=11), RYGB group (n=12), and RYGB with hepatic branch of the vagus resected (RYGBV group, n=12). The body mass, fasting blood-glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS) and concentrations of fasting serum GLP-1 were examined before and after surgery. Effects of RYGB and the hepatic branch of the vagus on GLP-1 levels were analyzed. Results Compared with S group and RYGBV group, RYGB group had significantly decreased body mass(P<0.05) and significantly improved levels of serum GLP-1 and insulin (P<0.05); FBG level in RYGB group was significantly lower than that in S group (P<0.05) and similar to that in RYGBV group. The effect of RYGB on fasting serum GLP-1 was stronger than that of liver branch of the vagus nerve, and there was interaction between the two (P<0.05). Conclusion RYGB treatment has satisfactory treatment effect for type 2 diabetes, and care should be taken during RYGB surgery to preserve the hepatic branch of the vagus.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of Shc1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its effect on the proliferation and migration of human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. Methods The expression of Shc1 in 33 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues was examined by real-time PCR, Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry method; the relationship between the expression and clinical features was also analyzed. Shc1 was silenced by RNA interference technique in SMMC-7721 cells to determine its effect on proliferation and migration; MTT assay and wound healing assay were used to examine the effect of Shc1 knockdown on cell vitality and migration. Results Real-time PCR, Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Shc1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P<0.05); the expression of Shc1 was mainly in the cytoplasma. Shc1 positive rates in the patients without cirrhosis (100%), of Child-Pugh class A before operation (75.9%), AFP-positive before operation (79.2%) and pathology Edmondson Ⅲ/Ⅳ level after operation (84.2%) were significantly higher than those with cirrhosis (54.2%), of Child-Pugh class B or C (0%), AFP-negative (33.3%), and pathology Edmondson Ⅰ/Ⅱ(42.9%, P all <0.05). Shc1 expression silence resulted in significant decrease in the proliferation and migration of SMMC-7721 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Shc1 is overexpressed in hepatocarcinoma tissue. The expression of Shc1 is associated with cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class, preoperation AFP and pathology Edmondson grades of the hepatocarcinoma. Inhibition of Shc1 expression can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human hepatocarcinoma cell SMMC-7721 in vitro.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the biosafety of a nano-silver modified porcine small intestinal submucosa (NS-PSIS) mesh. Methods To prepare the porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) biological materials, the mucosa and muscle layers were removed from fresh porcine small intestine by mechanical method and SDS method. 50 μg/mL monomer nano-silver (15 nm in diameter) solution was prepared and the PSIS was exposed to the solution to prepare NS-PSIS. The biological safety of our self-made nanometer silver biological material was examined by pyrogen test, skin irritation test, skin stimulus test, acute systemic toxicity test and the metabolism of silver absorption test. Results The prepared NS-PSIS mesh was not pyrogenic and had no skin, subcutaneous irritation or systemic acute toxicity. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry results showed that NS-PSIS mesh caused no silver deposit in major organs such as the brain, blood, liver or kidney of SD rats. Conclusion Our nano-silver modified small intestinal submucosa mesh has satisfactory biosafety.

Abstract:Objective To study the wound-healing effect of combined gel preparation of different proportions of resveratrol and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)on mustard gas-contaminated wounds, so as to provide evidence for optimizing the preparation of the combined drug gel. Methods A wound model was established by contaminating the back skin of rabbits with mustard gas (1.0 mg/cm²). The study was divided into treatment groups 1-11, positive treatment group, and negative contamination group, with 3 model animals in each group. The resveratrol (0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 g/mL) and bFGF (0.42, 2.08, and 4.17 μg/mL) were used to prepare combined drug gel by different proportions. The treatment groups 1-11 were treated externally with combined drug gels of corresponding proportions for 14 days. The positive treatment group and negative contamination group were treated with triamcinolone acetonide cream and gel without drugs, respectively. Changes of the wound appearance were observed and the healing extents were graded by predefined standard. Wound specimens were also collected for histopathological evaluation using H-E staining. The effects of different drug gel preparations on mustard gas-contaminated wounds were evaluated comprehensively. Results After external use of the combined drug gels for 3 d, the scores of skin injury including erythema, erosion and necrosis, histopathological inflammation, and necrosis of the contaminated wounds in treatment group-5 were significantly improved compared with those in the negative contamination group and other combined drug treatment groups(P<0.05), while showed no significant differences with the positive treatment group (P>0.05). Conclusion Combined drug gels in treatment group-5(0.02 g/mL resveratrol+2.08 μg/mL bFGF)can promote healing of the skin wound caused by mustard gas through inhibiting inflammatory response and cell necrosis of the wounded skin.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of hydrogen-rich saline against γ irradiation-induced injury in kidney epithelial HK-2 cells. Methods HK-2 cells were divided into 4 groups: the control group, the hydrogen-treated group, the irradiated group, and the irradiation plus hydrogen-treated group. The hydrogen-treated group and the irradiation plus hydrogen-treated group were pretreated with 5 mL hydrogen-rich solution while the control group and the irradiated group with 5 mL non-hydrogen PBS for 10 min, then the irradiated group and the irradiation plus hydrogen-treated group were simultaneously treated with γ-irradiation (6 Gy) for 325 s. The malondialdehyde (MDA) changes were determined by clorimetric method, and the hydroxyl radicals(·OH) were examined after being incubated with HPF for 15 min at 37℃. Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis rates of HK-2 cells 24 h after irradiation, and the cell survival was examined by clonogenic assay every 24 h until the 10^th day. Results Hydrogen-rich saline significantly improved the survival of HK-2 cells at the 10^th day after 6 Gy irradiation(P<0.05), and significantly decreased the apoptosis rates of HK-2 cells (P<0.01). It was also found that hydrogen-rich saline significantly down-regulated MDA level (P<0.05) and ·OH level in irradiated HK-2 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline has a protective effect against γ-irradiation-induced injury in HK-2 cells.

Abstract:Objective To study the influence of homocysteine on the protein expression of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 (AT1R) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods Primary rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro and identified by detecting α-SMA expression with immunofluorescence technique. VSMCs were exposed to three different concentrations of homocysteine (10, 100 and 300 μmol/L) alone or in combination with U0126 (5 μmol/L, a potent inhibitor of ERK1/2) for 48 h, and then immunoblotting method was used to detect AT1R protein expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Results Primary rat VSMCs (positive for α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] staining) were isolated and cultured successfully. All the three different concentrations of homocysteine (10, 100 and 300 μmol/L) induced significant AT1R protein expression (P<0.05 vs solvent control group) in VSMCs, but there was no significant difference between the three groups. Moreover, homocysteine at 10 μmol/L significantly activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in VSMCs (P<0.05 vs blank control). Supplement of U0126 not only blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by homocysteine, but also abolished homocysteine-induced upregulation of AT1R. Conclusion Our results in this study indicate that homocysteine can upregulate AT1R protein expression via activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway in rat VSMCs, which may help to illustrate the relation between Hcy and hypertension.

Abstract:Objective To systematically review the incidence and risk factors of recurrence after myomectomy in Chinese women, so as to provide references for creating clinical prevention strategy. Methods Relevant literatures were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Databases. Eligible studies were selected according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then the quality evaluation (NOS) and data extraction were conducted. Meta-analysis and publication bias examination were done using software Stata11.0. Results A total of 25 studies were included at last, including 4 900 patients and 1 331 recurrent cases. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the recurrence incidence after myomectomy was 27% in Chinese women. It was found that menarche age<14y, times of pregnancy(0), fibroid number≥2, and family history of uterine myoma had the pooled RR (95% CI) values as 1.30(1.10,1.53), 1.27(1.12,1.45), 2.41(1.71,3.40), and 1.32(1.09,1.59), respectively. Conclusion The recurrence rate after myomectomy is relatively high in Chinese women. Menarche age <14 y, no preoperative history of pregnancy, fibroid number ≥2, and family history of uterine myoma are positively related to recurrence after myomectomy, and early prevention measures should be taken accordingly.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the difficulties and problems of family health management in a district of Chongqing from the perspective of health service providers, so as to propose suggestions to promote family health management. Methods Participants included 5 community health administrators and 16 health care workers; they were sampled from 5 community health service centers in a district of Chongqing. In-depth individual interviews were conducted among the participants from March to July 2013. Results The critical factors restricting the family health management in the district included poor compliance of residents due to lack of propaganda, unqualified service and lack of motivation from the health workers, lack of supportive policies, and inadequate equipments. Conclusion To ensure a sustainable development of family health management, efforts should be made to train the health care workers and to improve their motivation, the supportive policies, and equipments.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the secondary metabolites of the fungus Phialemonium sp. associated with the South China Sea cucumber Holothuria nobilis Selenka. Methods The EtOAc extract of Phialemonium sp. was purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural determination of the isolated compounds was achieved by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with previously reported data. Results Two depsidones were isolated and their structures were determined as: emeguisin A and aspergillusidone C. Conclusion This is the first report on the secondary metabolites of Phialemonium sp. associated with the sea cucumber H. nobilis Selenka, and the two depsidones are reported for the first time from the fungus strain Phialemonium sp.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility of preparing individualized navigation templates for pedicle screw insertion using a three-dimensional printing forming technique, and to evaluate the accuracy of template-assisted pedicle screw insertion. Methods Five male Chongming goats were selected and total spine CT-scan was performed. After the original Dicom data were imported into the Mimics^® software, the C_3-6, T_3-6 and L_3-6 spinal column models were created to design and generate the cavity models based on a three-dimensional printing forming technique. The navigation template was created with a well-established pedicle screw path using a free-hand procedure, and then bilateral pedicle screw insertion was done assisted by the navigation templates. CT-scan was taken again postoperatively to access the position of the screws. Results Totally 60 navigation templates were prepared and 119 pedicle screws were implanted under the assistance of these templates, with one pedicle screw insertion failed due to a congenital deformity. CT-scan axial images indicated that 114 pedicle screws were completely contained within the pedicles, while 5 screws perforating the pedicle walls. Sagittal images showed accurate screw placement except for 2 screws perforating into the foramen. Conclusion The present study indicates that Mimics^® software is a feasible and precise method for establishing spinal column and related cavity model based on CT-scan images. Pedicle screw insertion assisted by a three-dimensional printing model is highly accurate and easy to perform, which may be a new alternative to conventional technique.

Abstract:Objective To explore a new method for atrial septal puncture in canine. Methods Ten healthy mongrel dogs, weighing 10-15 kg, were used in the present study. Femoral venous access was obtained after anesthesia; a 0.032 inch (1 inch=2.54 cm) guide wire and transseptal sheath were introduced into the superior vena cava(SVC).The guide wire was then withdrawn and the Brockenbrough needle was advanced to the tip of the catheter(1 cm to the tip, pointing the 12 o'clock direction). Under the posteroanterior view, the needle and sheath assembly were gradually withdrawn from the SVC and gently rotated clockwise into the right atrium. When reaching the lower third of the RA, the tip of catheter was slipped to the left. The entire transseptal apparatus was adjusted to 3 o'clock direction to allow the tip pointing the landmark (location of the second rib above the heart shadow) in the right anterior oblique 40°-50° view. Gently push the sheath till resistance, and then the needle was manipulated to the fossa ovalis (FO) under fluoroscopy. After the location of the needle tip in the left atrium (LA) was confirmed by angiogram, the catheter was advanced over the needle to the LA. After removal of the needle, the 0.032 inch LA guide wire was introduced into the LA. The sheath assembly was advanced into LA over the guide wire. After removal of the guide wire and the dilator of sheath, a heparin bolus of 1 800-3 000 (80-100 units/kg) was administered. Electrocardiogram(ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography(TEE) were performed 30 min after transseptal puncture. Five dogs were sacrificed after procedure to observe the location of the puncture, and other dogs were followed up for 1 month. Results The first attempt of puncture at TS crossing was successful in 8 (80%) dogs, and the second attempt was successful in 2 (20%) dogs. One dog died due to pericardial tamponade. ECG and TEE showed no abnormal findings in other dogs. In the five sacrificed dogs no bloody pericardial effusion was found, and the sites of TS puncture were at the center of FO. There were no other complications in the other dogs. The fluoroscopy time was (9.2±6.4) min and the procedure time was (45±12.6) min in our study. Conclusion Our new method is safe, simple and effective to perform TS puncture under fluoroscopic guidance from fixed bony landmarks.

Abstract:Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is on a rise in China. The diagnosis of CP is mainly based on the clinical history, manifestations and the clinical images. MRI is more advantageous compared with ultrasound and computed tomography because it contains information of unique chemical structure. The key advantage of MRI is that it can reflect morphological changes and the functional changes of organs, even the quantitative data and dynamics of biochemical process. This article reviews the research progress of MRI diagnosis for chronic pancreatitis.

Abstract:Neutrophils play important roles not only in innate immune responses but also in acquired immune responses. As newly defined professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), neutrophils can present antigens to T cells and induce T cell differentiation. Splenic neutrophils have also been shown to support T cell-independent antibody responses by direct activation of marginal zone (MZ) B cells. A subset of human neutrophils with phenotype of CD11c^bright/CD62L^dim/CD11b^bright/CD16^bright can suppress T cell activation in response to acute inflammation. These new findings about neutrophils can help us to better understand the mechanisms of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, and may also eventually contribute to the discovery of new therapy targets for these diseases.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ITS universal locking plate for treatment of comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures. Methods The clinical data of 74 patients with comminuted mid-shaft claviclar fractures, who were treated from Jan. 2008 to Oct. 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 32 treated with ITS universal locking plate and 42 with reconstruction plate. The operation time, fracture healing time, postoperative Constant-Murly scores and postoperative complications were compared between the two treatment groups. Results Baseline data had no statistical difference between the two groups. The operation was successful in both groups, and the average operation time was (39.5±9.1) min in ITS universal locking plate group and (47.4±10.2) min in reconstruction plate group, showing significant difference (P<0.01). No significant differences were found for the mean healing time ([13.5±3.0] weeks vs [13.3±3.8] weeks) or the Constant-Murly scores ([91.1±3.0] vs [90.2±2.7]) between the two groups. There was no delayed union,nonunion,screw loosening,plate fracture or other complications in ITS universal locking plate group; while one patient had postoperative pain in his shoulder and three others reported difficulty in shoulder mobility. In reconstruction plate group, delayed union was reported in 3 cases, nonunion in 1 case, screw loosening in 3 cases, plate fracture in 1 case, postoperative shoulder pain in 4 cases, and difficulty in shoulder mobility in 2 cases. The total postoperative complication rates were significantly different between the two groups (13% vs 33%, P<0.05). Conclusion ITS universal locking plate has a satisfactory effect for treatment of comminuted mid-shaft claviclar fractures, and it is superior to the conventional reconstruction plate.

Abstract:Objective To explore a technique for urethral separation in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. Methods After studying the anatomy of the urethra and the surround structures and watching the surgical video of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, we summarized the following six points of the "double sandwich" technique for urethral separation: to identify the golden eye, ligate the deep dorsal penile vein, approach via the slope road, sustained tension, relieve the lateral attachment of urethra, and pass through the plane between the urethral and Denonvilliers' fascia. From June 2013 to September 2013, a single surgeon performed 20 cases of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, including 14 cases of T₂N₀M₀, and 3 cases of T₃N₀M₀, 3 cases of T₄N₀M₀ (with 3 months of neoadjuvant therapy). Results The procedures were successfully completed in all cases without conversion to open surgery, with the average operative time being (138 ±47.8) min, blood loss being (150±67.4) mL, and bladder-urethra anastomosis time being (13±6.5) min. "Double sandwich" technique was successfully used for urethral separation in 17 cases. Of the 3 cases with failed separation, 2 had basal tip adhesions and 1 had too much bleeding and affected the vision. The post-operation rate of urinary control was 64.7%(11/17)and the positive margin was noticed in 2(11.8%) of the 17 patients. Currently the patients were still followed up. Conclusion "Double sandwich" technique in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy can separate the urethral anatomy, which may reduce the difficulty of bladder-urethra anastomosis.

Abstract:Objective To know about the blood glucose-management ability of the residents not working in the endocrinology department, so as to provide the reference for the education and treatment of diabetes and solutions to the existing probelms. Methods We designed a questionnaire to investigate four aspects of residents concerning the blood glucose-management ability, including cognition of blood glucose-management, cognition of basic effect of insulin, application of insulin, and factors influencing the use of insulin. We also collected the related suggestions. Results Among the 190 residents surveyed, 143(75.26%) never rotated in the department of endocrinology. The residents had a poor knowledge of blood glucose-management, with the rate of correct answer being 42.16%; they also showed an unsatisfactory understanding of insulin use, with only 16.82% of the respondents familiar with the guideline for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and less than 30% familiar with the insulin types, characteristics and common-used insulin therapy strategies. The main factors affecting the use of insulin by residents included "short hospitalization caused poor control of blood glucose", "less attention on blood glucose-management by non-endocrinology residents" and "lack of knowledge on individualized blood glucose control strategies". Conclusion More attention is needed on inhospital blood glucose-management, and related education should be strengthened among residents.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of rhizoma cyperi on pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid in ligusticum wallichii in normal and nitroglycerin-induced migraine model rats. Methods The rat migraine model was created by nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg). SD rats were divided into normal rhizoma ligustici wallichii group, normal rhizoma ligustici wallichii and rhizoma cyperi group, model rhizoma ligustici wallichii group, and model rhizoma ligustici wallichii and rhizoma cyperi group. We used RP-HPLC (0.2% formic acid water [A]-methanol [B], gradient elution 322 nm) to detect the concentration of ferulic acid in rat plasma at 8 h after oral administration. DAS 2.0 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results Methodology inspection conformed that HPLC met the requirements for determination. Compared with normal rhizoma ligustici wallichii group, the absorption half time (t_1/2Ka) of ferulic acid was significantly reduced in normal rhizoma ligustici wallichii and rhizoma cyperi group (P<0.05), and the peak time (T_max) was significantly shortened (P<0.05), with no differences found for other parameters. Compared with model rhizoma ligustici wallichii group, model rhizoma ligustici wallichii and rhizoma cyperi group had significantly increased maximum plasma concentration (C_max), area under curve (AUC), distribution half-life time (t_1/2α), and apparent volume of distribution of ferulic acid (P<0.05 or P<0.01), significantly shortened T_max (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the absorption rate and the clearance speed (P<0.01). Conclusion Rhizoma cyperi enhances the absorption of ferulic acid in normal rats, while in migraine model rats it reduces the distribution and metabolism of ferulic acid and prolongs functioning time, subsequently promoting the bioavailability of ferulic acid.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of metformin on TNF-α-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the possible mechanism. Methods VSMCs were divided into four groups: control group, TNF-α group(10 ng/mL), metformin group(2 mmol/L) and metformin+TNF-α group(2 mmol/L 10 mg/mL). The migration of VSMCs was detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis; the protein expression of nuclear NF-κB and cytoplasmic IκB were also determined by Western blotting analysis. Results Wound healing assay and transwell assay showed that the migration ability of VSMCs in TNF-α group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01), while that of metformin TNF-αgroup was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with TNF-α group, the migration ability of metformin TNF-α group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). MMP-2, MMP-9 and NF-κB expression levels were significantly increased and the IκB expression was significantly decreased in TNF-α group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with TNF-α group, MMP-2, MMP-9 and NF-κB expression levels were significantly decreased and IκB expression was significantly increased in metformin TNF-α group (P<0.01). The intracellular expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly different between metformin group and control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the intracellular NF-κB, IκB proteins were not significantly different. Conclusion It suggests that metformin can effectively inhibit the TNF-α-induced migration of VSMCs, which might be related to the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and the blockage of the NF-κB signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective To study the correlation of azithromycin niosomes (AN) in vitro release with its in vivo absorption. Methods Laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the particle size and zeta potential of AN. An UV method was established to analyze the in vitro release of AN; HPLC method was used to determine the plasma concentration of azithromycin after a single oral dose of drugs in rats. Then Loo-Riegelman and deconvolution method were used to calculate the absorption fraction (Fa) and input function (R). Results The AN size was (907.4 ± 0.10) nm and its zeta potential was (14.6 ± 0.02) mV. The regression equation of peak area ratio of AN to internal standard (A) and the concentration of azithromycin (C) was: A= 19.26C-52.69, r=0.999 0 (n=3); the in vitro regression equation determined at 482 nm was: D= 0.014 4C-0.070 1, r=0.999 6 (n=3); and the recoveries all met the requirements. If Y was cumulative in vitro release and Fa was the absorption percentage, the regression equation was: Fa=0.981 8Y + 1.083 1, r=0.956 5; if Y was the cumulative in vitro release and R was the input function, the regression equation was: R=0.763 5Y-15.69 9,r=0.862 7. Conclusion There is no correlation between azithromycin in vitro release with its in vivo absorption.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the effects of DanHong on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) fed by high-fat diet. Methods: 1.Six weeks old SHR were divided into three groups: normal diet group， high fat diet group， DanHong and high fat diet group. Each group had eight SHR. Twenty-four SHR had been treated for 12 weeks. 2.The tail blood pressure and the body weight were detected every two weeks. 3. At the end of the study， the rats were fasting for 12hrs and the blood samples were taken to detect the fasting blood glucose and lipids levels. The endothelium-dependent and the endothelium-independent relaxation of the aorta were detected by wire myograph. Results: 1. DanHong could prevent the increase of the body weight， fasting blood glucose and lipids on SHR fed by high-fat diet， P<0.01 or P<0.05. 2. DanHong could improve the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta artery on SHR fed by high-fat diet， P<0.05. 3.DanHong could decrease the tail blood pressure of SHR fed by high-fat diet，P<0.05. Conclusion: DanHong could improve the metabolic disorder of SHR fed by high-fat diet，ameliorate the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta artery， and decrease the tail blood pressure.

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