Abstract:Objective To establish an oxidative stress model of human valve interstitial cells (VICs) mediated by hydrogen peroxide (H₂ O₂), so as to provide cytology model for research on pathogenesis of valvular heart diseases and screening anti-oxidant drugs. Methods The isolated and cultivated primary human VICs were divided into different groups randomly: control group containing DMEM culture medium with 10% FBS, experimental groups were treated with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 300, 500, 800, and 1 000 μmol/L) of H₂O₂. H-E staining was used to observe cell morphology, MTT assay was used to estimate cell viability, and Annexin Ⅴ/PI flow cytometer was employed to evaluate the apoptosis of VICs. Results MTT assay showed that the survival rates of VICs were significantly different 24 h after exposure to different concentrations of H₂O₂(P<0.01), with those in 50 and 100 μmol/L groups being significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), and the cell survival rate began to decrease with the increase of H₂O₂ concentrations; the decrease became quicker when H₂O₂ concentrations was 800 μmol/L, with a survival rate of (69.8±8.3)%; and the survival rate decreased to (14.3±11.0)% when the concentration reached 1 000 μmol/L. H-E staining showed that at 800 μmol/L, H₂O₂ resulted in crimple and karyopyknosis of the VICs. Flow cytometer results confirmed apparent apoptosis of VICs at the concentration of 800 μmol/L, with the apoptosis already in the middle and advanced stages. Conclusion Oxidative stress model of VICs can be successfully established with H₂O₂, with the optimum concentration of H₂O₂ being 800 μmol/L and the expose period being 24 h.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the polymorphic loci of four candidate genes of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) patients in the Han population in China, so as to study the loci associated with diseases. Methods The Sequenom system was adopted to analyze the 19 SNP of the four candidate genes (namely, COL6A1, BMP-2, VDR and Runx2) in 180 Han individuals, with 78 in the pathological group and 102 in the control group. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of each SNP were compared between the two groups, and the polymorphic loci related to OPLL and their relationship were analyzed. Results Allelic analysis found no disease related locus in the 19 SNP loci of the four candidate genes. However, the genotyping analysis found that rs1321075 and rs12333172 of Runx2 were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.0339, P=0.0428), both loci were on the No.6 chromosome and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed linkage disequilibrium between them. The 11 SNP loci on the No.6 chromosome formed two blocks, with the range being 51 kb and 21 kb, respectively. One of the two blocks was a haploid (CTCG) made up of rs967588, rs16873379, rs3749863 and rs6908650, with a patient/control ratio of 1.75 and a risk rate of 0.81, indicating the possibility of increased incidence rate, but with no significant difference (P=0.259). No polymorphic loci were found associated with diseases for COL6A1, BMP-2 and VDR genes. Conclusion This is the first report that SNP variation of Runx2 gene may be a reason for OPLL in the Han population in China, and there was no notable connection between the polymorphic loci of COLA1, BMP-2 and VDR and OPLL.

Abstract:Objective To understand the nutritional status of maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients and to discuss their reverse epidemiological phenomena, so as to provide evidence for further nutrition intervention strategies. Methods We evaluated the nutritional statuses of 113 MHD patients by combining the subjective global assessment (SGA) score, anthropometrics and biochemical tests. Results According to SGA scores, 63 patients (55.75%) were classified as well nourished, and malnutrition was observed in 50 patients (44.25%), with mild to moderate malnutrition in 45 patients (39.82%) and severe malnutrition in 5 patients (4.42%). The levels of triceps skin fold (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) in malnutrition patients were significantly lower than those in the well-nourished group (P<0.01). The levels of total cholesterol (CH), triacylglycrol (TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), serum albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium(Ca), and phosphorus (P) in malnutrition patients were lower than those in the well-nourished group(the differences for TG, PA, Scr, and BUN being statistically significant, P<0.05,P<0.01); the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were higher than those in the well-nourished group, but showing no statistical significance. Conclusion Malnutrition is common in the maintenance hemodialysis patients, which is one of the reasons for the reverse epidemiological phenomena, so it is suggested that the treatment should be adjusted according to the specific pathophysiological characteristics of MHD patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the long-term effects and safety of bosentan combination treatment (up-front combination and sequential add-on combination) for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and the prognosis of the patients. Methods In this open and observational study, a total of 104 patients who were diagnosed as having PAH in the Department of Pulmonary Circulation and Cardiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, were given bosentan (twice a day) before treatment from Jul. 2007 to Jan. 2013. According to the treatment regimen, the patients were divided into up-front combination group or sequential add-on combination group, and the patients were followed up till Jun. 2013. Then the improvements and the survival rates of the patients were evaluated and compared before and after treatment. Results The median treatment time with bosentan was (22.6±15.8) months. The WHO functional class had no obvious worsening in 68.1% of patients with bosentan treatment, with the situation improved in 6 patients and steady in 56. The lgNT-proBNP value was decreased from 2.8±0.8 to 2.5±0.2, but showing no significant difference (P=0.15). Echocardiogram examination found that the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) decreased from (95.2±21.3)mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) to (88.6±24.4)mmHg (P=0.009); ejection fraction (EF) increased from (73.6±9.3)% to (77.4±9.0)%(P=0.02); transverse size of right artial (RA-T size) and transverse size of right ventricular (RV-T size) showed no changes. Hemodynamic observations found that the mean PAP(mPAP) and mean right arterial pressure (mRAP) showed no change; pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased from (16.4±8.4)Wood U/m² to (13.9±8.0)Wood U/m², but showing no significant difference (P=0.06); and cardiac output (CO) increased from (3.8±2.0) L/min to (4.8±2.3) L/min (P=0.04). The results of Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 92.5%, 83.7%, 71.7%, 67.2% and 57.6%, respectively. The 1, 2, 3 and 4 years survival rates of patients were 95.1%, 88.9%, 84.2% and 77.7% in the up-front combination group, and 92.3%, 79.4%, 53.3% and 26.6% in the sequential add-on combination group, respectively, with significant difference found between the two groups(P=0.038). Only one patient in our study stopped bosentan due to severe facial edema. Conclusion Long-term bosentan combination treatment can prevent cardiac function worsening in PAH patients, increasing cardiac output and with satisfactory safety. Moreover, up-front combination therapy with bosentan has a better prognosis than sequential add-on combination therapy for PAH patients.

Abstract:Objective To observe the ultrastructure changes of nasal mucosa cilia in rat models of allergic rhinitis (AR), and the effect of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on the pathological changes of nasal mucosa cilia. Methods Totally 96 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, AR model group, loratadine treatment group and glycyrrhetinic acid treatment group.AR models were established by ovalbumin-induction, and then each group was administered with corresponding treatments. At 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks after treatment, the behavioral changes were compared between different groups and the ultrastructure changes of nasal mucosa cilia were observed under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope in each group. Results Model group developed typical AR symptoms: the cilia in the top layer of the nasal mucosa were disordered, lodging, matted together and some were even lost; the cilia membrane was broken, and the microtubules of cilia were reduced or disappeared; furthermore, small and abnormal cilia were observed, while mucous blanket on the top of cilia was thickened and contained neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and other inflammatory cells; and with persistent allergen exposure, the morphological changes of the nasal mucosa cilia aggravated gradually. While in both glycyrrhetinic acid treatment group and loratadine treatment group, the AR symptoms were relieved gradually, and the morphological damages of nasal mucosa were gradually recovered: the cilia were well arranged with the density similar to that of normal group, and small cilia were reduced and the thickened mucous blanket on the top of cilia disappeared. Conclusion Persistent exposure to allergen can lead to progressive ultrastructure damages to nasal mucosa cilia in rat AR model, and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid can, to some extent, relieve or even reverse the ultrastructure changes of nasal mucosa cilia.

Abstract:Objective To observe the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the related immunoregulation mechanism. Methods EAE models of C57BL/6 mice were established with MOG_35-55/CFA emulsion and the EAE mice were randomly divided into MSC treatment group and EAE model group. MSCs were purified and cultured from the bone marrow of GFP-C57BL/6 mice. On the 15^th day of EAE model establishment, MSCs (1×10⁶/400 μL) were injected via the tail vein for the MSC treated group, and 400 μL PBS were injected for the EAE model mice. Then we recorded the clinical scores and analyzed the pathological changes of spinal cord so as to evaluate the state of EAE in each group. The peripheral blood tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. The percent of CD4⁺Foxp3 Treg cells and GFP cells were analyzed by Flow cytometry. Results Compared with EAE model group, the MSC treated group had significantly decreased clinical score(P<0.05) and less T-cell infiltration in the spinal cord. MSC treated group had increased peripheral blood IL-4, TGF-β and decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α levels. Moreover, the MSC treated group also had greatly increased ratio of CD4 Foxp3 T cells (Treg). The MSC cells almost disappeared 10 days after transplantation. Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. MSC may exert immunoregulation effect through increasing blood anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, TGF-β) and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ, TNF-α), which can prompt the naive cell differentiation into Treg cells. The effect of MSC remains even after disappearing for a certain time period.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of serum testosterone level on the pathologically aggressive behavior and the synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of puberty rats after gonadectomy. Methods Thirty male rats, 21 days old, were randomly divided into 3 groups: gonadectomized group, model group and control group. The gonadectomized and model groups were given a series of standard stress from 21 days old to puberty to induce animal model of pathological aggressive behavior. Resident-intruder experiment was performed to observe the variation of aggressive behaviors of animals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the serum testosterone level. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the expression of postsynaptics density-95 (PSD-95) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in the prefrontal cortex. Results Resident-intruder experiment showed that the latency to the first attack in the gonadectomized group decreased significantly (P<0.01,P<0.01) and the attack times after yield increased significantly compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.01,P<0.01). The serum testosterone in the gonadectomized group was significantly decreased compared with the other two groups as shown by ELISA results (P<0.01, P<0.01). In addition, the aggressive-related behavior indices had a moderate to high negative correlation with the testosterone level (P<0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that prefrontal cortex expression of PSD-95 and GAP-43 in the gonadectomized group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P<0.01, P<0.01). Conclusion Low serum testosterone level can cause damage to the neuroplasticity of prefrontal cortex in puberty rats, which might be related to the pathologically aggressive behavior.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2013, providing evidence for its prevention and control. Methods HFMD surveillance and report were done using the National Disease Supervision Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the 2009-2013 epidemiologic characters and etiological characters (partial patients) of HFMD in Yangpu District, Shanghai. Nucleic acid of enterovirus (EV) genome was detected by real-time PCR in some patients. Results A total of 4 974 cases of HFMD were reported during 2009-2013 in Yangpu District, Shanghai, with the average annual incidence rate of 755.3 per million, with no death cases and 9 (0.18%) severe cases. The peak incidence was observed in the period of April to July. The epidemic peak had an increasing tendency and could be delayed. The incidence rates of HFMD were increased at an annual basis(P_trend<0.05) in all communities and were significantly different between different communities (P<0.05). Most of the cases were less than 5-year-old scattered and childcare children. The main epidemic strains were EV71 and Cox A16 in 2010, and other enterovirus and Cox A16 in 2011-2013. The proportions of other enterovirus strains were increased, with overlapping phenomenon found in the pathogenic spectrum curves before and after the epidemic peak. Conclusion The 2009-2013 epidemiology of HFMD in Yangpu District of Shanghai had prominent seasonal, regional and population characteristics. Epidemic superiority strains vary annually and influence the epidemic trend and severity.

Abstract:Objective To examine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in small bronchoscopic biopsy specimens, so as to provide guidance for clinical targeted therapy. Methods Fifty-six female patients with advanced-stage ⅢB-Ⅳ lung adenocarcinoma underwent endoscopic endobronchial biopsy of tumor tissues or transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Under the endoscope, 20 patients underwent only bronchial biopsy, 28 underwent only transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) lymph node biopsy, and 8 underwent both endobronchial biopsy and TBNA biopsy of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. A total of 64 specimens were collected and were subjected to detection of EGFR gene mutations after confirmation of lung adenocarcinoma. The specimens were then divided into endobronchial metastasis group and lymph node metastasis group, and the mutations of exons 19 and 21 were detected and the clinical efficacy of targeted therapy was analyzed. Results Exon 19 had higher positive rate in the endobronchial metastasis group (χ²=4.304,P=0.038), and exon 21 had higher positive rate in lymph node metastasis group (χ²=18.727,P=0.000). A total of 24 cases were included for the clinical efficacy assessments: 10 had endobronchial metastasis (exon 19 mutations in 8 cases, 21 exon in 2 cases), with the disease control rate being 90% (9/10) and median progression-free survival period being 14.8 months; 14 patients had lymph node metastasis (19 exon 3 cases, 21 exon 11 cases), with the disease control rate being 78.57% (11/14) and the median progression-free survival period being 9.2 months; the disease control rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05) and the median progression-free survival periods were significantly different between the two groups(χ² = 4.134, P=0.042). Conclusion Mutations of different EGFR exons might relate to the metastasis forms of female advanced lung adenocarcinoma, with exon 19 prone to endobronchial metastasis and exon 21 to lymph node metastasis. Targeted therapy for patients with endobronchial metastasis has a better outcome than that for patients with lymph node metastasis.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the relationship between the light transmittance and the color value of 3 different brands of zirconia dental ceramic materials of various thicknesses and colors, so as to provide evidence for a new indicator to the Colorimetric system to better simulate the natural dentin color. Methods X-rite color i7 spectrophotometer was used to measure the transmittance and reflectance (L^*, a^*, b^*) of three brands (Lava, Upcera, Doceram) of zirconia ceramic materials of different colors and different thicknesses (0.9, 0.6 and 0.3 mm). The results were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software to investigate the linearity of transmittance with thickness and color values of the materials. Results The transmittance was not significantly different among the three brands of zirconia ceramic materials (P>0.05); the transmittance ranges of different thicknesses of zirconia ceramic (0.9, 0.6 and 0.3 mm) were 13.63%-27.47%, 18.05%-33.96%, and 25.24%-39.73%, respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.05). There was a linear relation of the transmittance with the thickness and color values of the three brands of zirconia ceramic materials: Upcera:TT=0.366×L^*-thickness×0.661-0.280×b^*; Doceram: TT=0.524×L^*-0.536×thickness-0.237×b^*; Lava: TT=0.210×L^*-0.610×thickness-0.164×b^*. Conclusion The transmittance ranges of the three brands of zirconia ceramic material are similar. The transmittance decreases with increase of its thickness and increases with luminance increase. Bluer zirconia ceramic has higher transmittance. Therefore, introduction of transmittance value for ceramic restoration process is important to redefine the natural tooth color perception and representation.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the role of modified microneedle roller in promoting permeation of triamcinolone acetonide across human hyperplastic scar skin. Methods The morphology of human hyperplastic scar skin was visualized by methylene blue staining and H-E staining after the insertion by microneedles of different lengths.The content of triamcinolone acetonide was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vivo absorption characteristics across human hyperplastic scar skin were investigated by elution method and the homogenization method at 1 h and 12 h after drug application.Skin irritation was assessed by transepidermal water-loss (TEWL) measurement and laser Doppler flowmetry. Results The preferred microneedle length of 500 μm effectively penetrated through the stratum corneum,and the distribution of the microchannels was homogeneous.It was found that 27.42% and 60.64% of the drug administered entered the skin at 1 h and 12 h,respectively.The drug accumulation in the skin at 12 h decreased to 45.98% of that at 1 h after intracutaneous injection,while the accumulation increased to 2.73-fold and 4.18-fold in the microneedle group and direct application of triamcinolone acetonide cream group,respectively,with the content of microneedle group being 3.56-fold that of the direct cream application group (P<0.05).Triamcinolone acetonide distribution was not homogeneous at 12 h after intracutaneous injection,with the level being (4.83±5.51) μg,while the distribution in the microneedle group was homogenous,with the level being (0.93±0.14) μg.TEWL results showed no significant difference in skin irritation between microneedle and intracutaneous injection group; however, laser Doppler flowmetry showed that the skin irritation of intracutaneous injection group was 8.40-fold that of microneedle treatment group. Conclusion Modified microneedle roller treatment followed by cream application, compared with intracutaneous injection, can yield more homogeneous distribution and less skin irritation in human hyperplastic scar skin, but its efficacy for scar treatment remains to be further verified.

Abstract:Objective To know about the current situation and the existing problems concerning physical therapy in grassroot military medical units of PLA, so as to provide evidence for standard physical therapy in grassroot military medical units. Methods A total of 235 military physicians from the medical teams of division, brigade, and regiment of PLA were randomly surveyed on physical therapy. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results A total of 227 (96.59%) questionnaires were valid for analysis. Physical therapy was mainly used for military training-related injuries, including acute soft tissue injury (86.56%), lumbar muscle strain (85.03%), lumbar disc herniation (65.30%), frozen shoulder (55.17%), cervical spondylosis (47.76%), and osteoarthritis (37.28%). It was found that 87.67%, 67.84%, and 56.83% of the grassroot medical units were equipped with apparatuses for light therapy, traction, and intermediate-frequency therapy, respectively. As for safety protection, 47.14% of grassroot military medical teams had no measures for radiation protection, disinfection or quarantine. Conclusion Physical therapy is of great importance and has been popularized in grassroot military medical units of PLA. However, the advantages of physical therapy have not yet been fully utilized. The indictors of physical therapy are not accurately used and the related security protection is still not satisfactory. To make improvement, it needs to set up related regulations for both peacetime and wartime, to upgrade the skills of physicians, and improve the related equipments.

Abstract:Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved mitogen activated protein kinase-like kinase, belonging to serine/threonine protein kinase superfamily. By participating in Wnt, Notch, FoxO and other pathways, NLK can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, morphological changes, early embryonic development of vertebrate nervous system, and other biological processes. NLK is also a key molecule in tumor regulation and its roles vary in different tumors. In prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer, NLK plays an inhibitory role, while it plays opposite roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the bile duct tumors.

Abstract:The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response is induced by misfolded proteins via the unfolded-protein response (UPR),allowing cells to deal with endogenous stress through arresting of protein translation,promoting peptide folding,degeneration of unfolded or misshapen proteins,and cell apoptosis.Pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK),inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are the three proximal effectors of the UPR in mammalian cells.Airway epithelial cells consist of many cell types with prosperous cell growth and numerous secretion,making those cells more liable to have ERS.Recent studies have revealed the role of ERS in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma,which involves imbalance of calcium homeostasis,abnormal secretion of hyaluronic acid and mucin,and the abnormal recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells.This article summarizes the correlation of ERS with asthma.

Abstract:Blunt aortic injury refers to damage to the aorta caused by sudden and strong force, which can be life-threatening and is not uncommon in recent years. To improve the survival of these victims remains a clinical challenge to date. This paper reviewed the pathophysiology, disease course, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and the treatment of blunt aortic injury, hoping to provide reference for a better understanding of this severe trauma and help the early diagnosis and management.

Abstract:Objective To compare the effectiveness between doubled dose rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin combined with probucol for treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolemia. Methods From Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013, 68 patients with coronary heart disease, who were treated with rosuvastatin (10 mg qn) for more than 3 months in the Cardiology Clinic, Changhai Hospital and whose low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) still not reached the target level, were evenly randomized into two groups: the double dose statin group (rosuvastatin 20 mg qn) and the combined treatment group (rosuvastatin 10 mg qn plus probucol 250 mg bid); the treatment lasted for 3 months. The peripheral blood lipid levels and incidence rates of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The baseline data and the lipid levels were not significantly different between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the total cholestrol (TC ) and LDL-C were significantly decreased in the two groups (P<0.05); triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased only in the combined treatment group (P<0.05); the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had an increasing trend in the double rosuvastatin group and a decreasing one in the combined treatment group, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with the double rosuvastatin group, the combined treatment group had significantly greater decreases of TC and LDL-C (P<0.05), a significantly higher control rate of LDL-C (P<0.05), and a significantly lower HDL-C level (P<0.05). The combination treatment group had significantly less adverse reactions compared with the double rosuvastatin group (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolemia, it is more effective and safe to be treated with rosuvastatin combined with probucol than doubling the dose of rosuvastatin.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical features and the characteristics of coronary artery lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients complicated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), so as to discuss the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of all the in-patients diagnosed with SLE in Changhai Hospital from May 2009 to May 2013, and those combined with ACS as confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG) were taken as the observing group; CAG-confirmed ACS patients at their fist onset without connective tissue disease during Jan. 2013 to May 2013 were taken as controls. The traditional risk factors of coronary heart diseases, age of first occurrence of cardiovascular event, cumulative time of corticosteroid therapy and CAG results were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results Twelve patients were finally enrolled in the observing group and 124 cases in the control group. Compared to the control group, SLE patients had significantly less traditional risk factors ([1.21±0.97] factor per case vs [2.48±1.29] factor per case, P<0.01) and were at a younger age ([45.0±12.8] years vs [57.0±16.4] years,P<0.01) at the first ACS event. CAG showed vascular occlusion, stenosis, aneurysm and acute thrombosis in SLE patients with ACS, with 5 patients having occluded blood vessels (restricted to the left main, left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery and right coronary artery) and all having intracoronary thrombosis. The incidence rate of occluded blood vessels was significantly higher in the observing group compared with that in the control group (41.67% [5/12]) vs 23.39% [29/124], P<0.05). Conclusion SLE patients combined with ACS have less traditional coronary artery disease risks at the first onset of ACS, but at a younger age, with higher incidence of coronary artery occlusion, mostly having intracoronary thrombosis.

Abstract:Objective To assess the feasibility and outcomes of retroperitoneal laparoscope-assisted small incision partial nephrectomy for patients with complex T₁ renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Methods The clinical data of twenty-eight patients with complex T₁ RCCs, who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscope-assisted small incision partial nephrectomy at our institution between Jul. 2010 and Dec. 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor diameter was (3.76±1.28) cm and the PADUA score was 9.07±1.25 in this group. There were 13 patients with endophytic tumors, 12 at T_1b stage, 7 reniportal RCCs, and 2 cases of solitary kidney. Results All the patients successfully underwent operations, with no severe postoperative complications such as leakage of urine or massive hemorrhage. The operative time was (213.82±40.04) min, the renal cold ischemic time was (23.86±5.98) min, the estimated blood loss was (191.07±94.33) mL, the skin incision length was (9.48±1.56) cm, and the postoperative pain score was (1.11±0.31). Two patients developed transient hyperpyrexia postoperatively and were successfully managed with expectant treatment. And all the patients were discharged safely after a hospital stay of (11.54±3.98) days after surgery. The patients were followed up for (21.46±12.15) months. At the 1^st month postoperation, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) deceased by an average of (21.71±11.48)%. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscope-assisted small incision partial nephrectomy is a safe, feasible method for complex T₁ RCCs, especially for the larger, endophytic, and reniportal tumors. The method is easy to learn and has small incision, but the long term effect needs to be observed by large sample randomized studies.

Abstract:Objective To understand the main causes of death and the potential years of life lost (PYLL) of residents living in Yubei District of Chongqing, so as to provide evidence for disease control and health promotion. Methods The data of the death cases were classified according to ICD-10 method and were subjected to analysis by DeathReg2005 software. The characteristics of death of our population were analyzed using the following parameters: the crude mortality, proportions of death due to different reasons, order of death causes and the PYLL, etc. Results The crude death rate of residents in our study was 605.02 per 100 000 in 2012, with the standardized death rate being 440.72 per 100 000; and the mortality was higher in males than in females(χ²=227.87,P<0.001).The top five causes of deaths in order were: circular system diseases, malignant tumors, respiratory system diseases, injury and poisoning, and digestive system diseases; these 5 causes contributed to 95.15% of all death causes. The top six causes of PYLL in order were: malignant tumors, injury and poisoning, circular system diseases, respiratory system diseases, perinatal system diseases, and digestive system diseases. The main causes of death among different ages have their own characteristics. Conclusion The predominant causes of death among residents in our study include chronic non-infectious diseases (circular system diseases and malignant tumors); injuries and poisoning, especially death due to traffic accident, are the major causes among young adults. Appropriate preventive and interventional measures should be taken based on the death causes of residents.

Abstract:Objective To compare the accuracy of spectrophotometer under different color measurement conditions, so as to provide evidence for clinical color measurement. Methods Spectrophotometer was used to obtain the chromatic value L^*, a^* and b^*(L^*:Lightness; a^*:Saturation on the red and green axile; b^*:Saturation on the yellow and blue axile) of all color pieces in the medium 1/3 of vita classical shade guide under the natural light, incandescent lamp and dark room; the values of chromatism were calculated under different color measurement conditions, and the results were fed to statistical software for analysis. Results The L^*, a^* and b^* values were not significantly different under natural light, incandescent lamp and dark room. The composition ratios of ΔE <1.5 NBS for the natural light and incandescent light, natural light and dark room, incandescent lamp and dark room were 87.50%, 100%, and 93.75%, respectively. Conclusion The measurement accuracy of CM-700d spectrophotometer is high and the environment light has slight effect on the accuracy. The chromatism values of shade guide measured in the dark room is the most true ones, so dark room is recommended for CM-700d spectrophotomete.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the secondary metabolites of the South China Sea sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Methods The acetone extract of A. cavernosa was purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structures of the extract were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previously reported data. Results and Conclusion A total of 7 compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as kalihinene X-Z (1 - 3), (R)-3,5-diethyl-5-((S,E)-2-ethylhex-3-en-1-yl)furan-2(5H)-one (4), methyl(2Z,6R,8S)-4,6-diethyl-3,6-epoxy-8-methyldodeca-2,4-dienoate (5), methyl(2Z,6R,8R,9E)-3,6-epoxy-4,6,8-triethyl-2,4,9-dodecatrienoate (6), and methyl(2Z,6R,8S)-3,6-epoxy-4,6,8-triethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate (7); and compounds 4 - 7 were identified from the genus Acanthalla for the first time.

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Abstract:胶样囊肿是颅内良性病变,占脑部肿瘤的0.5%到1%[1]，十分少见。绝大多数位于第三脑室，侧脑室、透明隔、脑外、鞍区的胶样囊肿更为少见 [2]。我科2012年收治1例，手术效果满意，报告如下。