Abstract:Objective To discuss the nursing interventions of patients with confirmed Ebola virus disease. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed the nursing method and experience of 4 confirmed cases with Ebola virus disease in Chinese Ebola Treatment Unit, which was established by Chinese People's Liberation Army medical team in Liberia. Following the strict personal protective process, we provided timely symptomatic care, seamless psychological care, carefully basic care and comprehensive health education for the patients. We also timely summarized our experience of nursing interventions. Through dedicated treatment and nursing, despite 1 case died, 3 cases were cured and discharged. Conclusion Since there have been no specific and effective medications for Ebola virus disease by now, timely and correct symptomatic treatment and dedicated nursing with high efficiency are of great significance for patients to fight against with Ebola virus disease and regain their health.

Abstract:Objective To know about the levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of standard isolation precautions among nursing staffs during the anti-Ebola mission in Liberia. Methods The participants were Liberia nursing staffs working in the Ebola Treatment Center in Liberia, which was established by the medical team of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). An English questionnaire was designed based on the international guidelines on standard isolation precautions, which includes 32 items including general situation, knowledge, attitude and practice on standard isolation precautions. The correlation among the knowledge, attitude and practice of standard isolation precautions was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results A total of 80 nursing staffs finished the questionnaires, with a valid rate of 71.25%. Their mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice levels of standard isolation precautions were 7.4±1.1, 36.4±4.6, and 6.6±1.9, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and attitude (P <0.05), and practice and attitude (P <0.01), but not between knowledge and practice by Spearman correlation analysis. Conclusion The training programs on Ebola virus disease prevention provided by the international health aid organization have improved the isolation precaution behavior levels of the local nursing staffs. However, lack of theoretical training on standard isolation protection and poor supplies from the government lead to enhancement space for attitude improvement on standard isolation precautions in Liberian nursing staff, which may have an impact on the standard isolation precaution behaviors after the international aid staff leaving the country.

Abstract:Objective To understand the psychological experience of Chinese nurses working in Liberia during the aid to fight against Ebola virus disease, so as to lay a foundation for future similar missions. Methods We conducted a qualitative interview study with 11 Chinese nurses who helped to fight against Ebola virus disease in Liberia by semi-structured interview, and then the data collected were analyzed. Results Analysis showed that the psychological experience of Chinese nurses in Liberia could be divided into 4 stages. Stage one was from being informed of the aid mission to going aboard to Liberia, with the psychological experience being panic and having anxiety. Stage two was the first 2 weeks of working in Chinese Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) in Liberia, with the psychological experience being lost, sad and having anxiety. Stage three was from the third week of working in ETU to before going back to China, with the psychological experience being attached and emotional. And stage four was the quarantine period in China,with the psychological experience being prevailing loneliness. Conclusion Efforts should be made to support, to train and to guide the nurses who work in situations like Ebola according to their psychology in different stages. And the nurses should have an active attitude, improve understanding of Ebola disease, and ensure safe self-protection during work.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of supervising-nurse in self-protection of medical staffs treating patients with Ebola virus disease in Liberia. Methods Based on the Standard Procedure of Personal Protection, we designed a Chinese-English bilingual Inspection Table for putting on personal protective equipment (PPE) for Chinese People's Liberation Army medical team to Liberia and another one for takingoff PPE. The supervising-nurse gave supervising tips and psychologically positive implications to all medical staffs working in the observing room and treatment ward. Nurses also recorded and summarized the problems and mental status which have been prevented and stopped, and the efficacy of the supervision was evaluated. Results From Jan. 16, 2015 to Mar. 19, 2015, about 3 000 person-times and 126 000 supervision items for the Chinese and Liberia staffs working in the observing room and treatment ward were involved. A total of 1 532 potential problems were prevented by supervising-nurse. Conclusion A supervising-nurse can effectively ensure the self-protection of medical staffs involved in the frontline treatment of patients with Ebola virus disease, guaranteeing the "zero infection" of medical staffs.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of multiple physical exercises in improving the physical and mental health of PLA medical staffs in the Chinese Ebola Treatment Unit in Liberia. Methods The subjects were the Chinese medical staffs from People's Liberation Army who worked in the Chinese Ebola Treatment Unit in Liberia. The subjects were organized to participate in a variety of physical exercises during their stay in Liberia. And the effects of exercise on sleep, emotion, fear, physical quality of the subjects were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire. Results More than 60.29% of the medical staffs believed that multiple physical exercises could improve their sleep quality; more than 80% thought that it could bring joyful mood, relieve anxiety, improve appetite, and enhance the physical quality and immunity; and 76.47% appeared satisfied with the multiple physical exercises organized by the medical team. Running (25.00%), fast walking (21.88%), aerobic gymnastics (17.19%) and badminton (17.19%) in order were thought to be the most important exercises for improving the mood and physical fitness. The consistency analysis showed that the Kappa values between table tennis and running, walking were 0.333 and 0.381, respectively (P <0.01), and the Kappa value between football and running was 0.340 (P <0.01). Conclusion Multiple physical exercise can improve the physical and mental health of medical staffs working in Chinese Ebola Treatment Unit in Liberia. Whole body exercises including running, walking, aerobics gymnastics and badminton have significant improvement effect, and they may be used to improve the physical health of staffs involved in other similar missions in the future.

Abstract:Objective To explore the mutations of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related hepatitis B virus (HBV) during mother-to-child transmission, so as to provide theoretic evidence for prophylaxis of HCC from the very beginning. Methods A total of 413 HBsAg-positive mothers and their newborns were enrolled in this study. Serum HBV DNA levels in maternal peripheral blood and cord blood of the newborns were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. Nested PCR together with cloning and sequencing methods were applied to examine the HCC-related HBV mutations in the preS and basal core promoter regions of HBV genome. All the newborns received standard HBV vaccination. Of the 413 newborns, 104 were successfully followed-up 7 months after birth, and the HBV mutations were examined if their circulating HBV DNA was detectable. Results Of the 413 newborns, 41 (9.9%) had HBV DNA level >10³ copies/mL in their cord blood. Four (3.8%) of the 104 newborns who were successfully followed up had circulating HBV DNA level >10³ copies/mL 7 months after birth. Compared to mothers without HBV trans-placental transmission, those with HBV trans-placental transmission had no increase in HBV mutations in the basal core promoter region. However, the viral mutations containing T2898G/C, C3000T, C3116T, T31C, and T52C in the preS region of HBV subgenotype C2 significantly increased the risk of HBV trans-placental transmission (P <0.05). The frequencies of the HCC-related mutations in the preS and basal core promoter regions of HBV genome were not significantly different between maternal peripheral blood and the cord blood of the newborns. Importantly, the HCC-related mutations were rarely found in the HBV-positive infants at 7 months after birth. Conclusion The HBV mutations in the preS region of HBV subgenotype C2 may affect the trans-placental transmission of HBV. However, the quasispecies of HCC-related HBV mutants have no advantage in causing chronic HBV infection in infants. The HBV mutants which can promote HCC are selected during the long term chronic infection.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of ginsenoside metabolite Compound K (CK) on TNF-α-induced RANTES secretion in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and to elucidate its possible mechanism. Methods BEAS-2B cells were cultured and treated with CK in different dosages, and then the secretion of RANTES in BEAS-2B cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli was measured by ELISA kits. Expressions of RANTES mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Reporter gene assay was employed to elucidate the interaction between CK and activator protein 1(AP-1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR). CK antagonist mifepristone was used to observe whether the inhibitory effect of CK against RANTES was mediated by GR. Results TNF-α-induced secretion of RANTES in BEAS-2B was markedly inhibited by CK (3-30 μmol/L). Treatment with CK also reduced RANTES mRNA and protein expression. Reporter gene assays indicated that CK was a GR agonist and could repress TNF-α-induced AP-1 transactivation. The inhibitory effects of CK on RANTES secretion were antagonized by mifepristone, suggesting a pivotal role of GR. Conclusion These results suggest that CK may inhibit TNF-α-induced RANTES secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells, which might be associated with GR pathway activation and AP-1 pathway inhibition.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the intracranial vascular lesions in patients with subcortical infarction-induced vascular cognitive impairment(VCI), and to investigate the etiology and mechanisms of VCI. Methods Inpatients with subcortical infarction in our hospital were enrolled in this study from Nov. 2012 to Feb. 2014, with those unable to complete the cognitive evaluation eliminated. According to the diagnostic criteria of VCI the patients were divided into two groups: 49 with cognitive impairment (VCI group) and 42 without cognitive impairment (NVCI group). The clinical data, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale scores were collected. Cerebral blood vessels were assessed by CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Results The results showed that, according to TOAST classification, VCI group had 24 (48.98%) patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and NVCI group had 22 (52.38%), showing no significant difference between the two groups. CTA or MRA indicated that 37 (75.51%) patients in VCI group had vascular stenosis, with 75.25% of the 37 patients having intracranial vascular stenosis and 28.71% with middle cerebral artery stenosis. Patients with single cerebral artery stenosis accounted for 18.37% and those with the multiple artery stenosis accounted for 57.14%. CTA or MRA indicated that 34 (80.95%) patients in NVCI group had vascular stenosis, with 60% having intracranial vascular stenosis, including 32% with middle cerebral artery stenosis, 26.19% with single cerebral artery stenosis, and 54.76% with the multiple artery stenosis, with the latter two data being significantly different from the VCI group (P <0.05). In VCI group, the number of intracranial vascular stenosis branches ranged 0-6, with a mean of (1.51±1.67), and a negative relation was found between numbers of stenosis arteries and MoCA scores in patients of VCI group (r_s=-0.283, P <0.05). Conclusion Different from the common causes of small blood vessels, LAA is the most common etiology of subcortical VCI, which implied that exploring the LAA causes of small lesions is crucial for the prevention of VCI in Chinese patients.

Abstract:Objective To study the expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) in T₁N₀M₀ renal cancer tissues and its relationship with patient prognosis. Methods The tissue specimens of patients with renal cell carcinoma who received radical nephrectomy in Shanghai Changhai Hospital in 2007 were collected. Inclusion criteria were: no treatments before surgery, T₁N₀M₀ stage, clear cell carcinoma and with complete follow-up data. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of eEF1A1 in the cancerous tissues, and we then established the relationship of eEF1A1 expression with Fuhrman pathological grading and patient prognosis. The relationship between Fuhrman grading pathological staging and eEF1A1 expression was investigated by drawing crosstabs, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test were used to study the relationship between eEF1A1 and prognosis of patients with T₁N₀M₀ renal cell carcinoma. Results The patients were followed up for 4-95 months, averagely (77.9±18.3) months; the overall survival rate of patients was 88.6% and the progression-free survival rate was 80.0% during the follow-up period. Immunohistochemistry showed eEF1A1 was highly expressed in 61.4% of renal cell carcinoma tissues and in tissues of high Fuhrman grade (P=0.004). Survival analysis showed patients with low expression of eEF1A1 in renal cell carcinoma tissue had significantly longer survival (P=0.019), and all the patients with low expression survived in our study. Conclusion Expression of eEF1A1 in T₁N₀M₀ renal cell carcinoma tissue is associated with Fuhrman grades and prognosis, with low expression indicating a better prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To explore a safe and effective way to establish reflux esophagitis model consistent with the anatomical structure. Methods Forty-five New Zealand rabbits aged 5 months were randomly divided into three groups. The rabbits undergoing lower esophageal sphincter incision were assigned to A group, those undergoing partial cardiomyectomy to B group, and those undergoing balloon dilatation by Forley catheter to C group. All the rabbits underwent esophageal fistulation before establishment of reflux esophagitis model. 24 hour-pH monitoring was performed to all the rabbits before and at 2 weeks postoperatively. At 4 weeks postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed for histological and electron microscopic results. Results The mortality rate in B group was higher than those of the other 2 groups (P=0.057). With respect to the total time ratio of pH <4 (%) in 24 hours, number of reflux episodes and number of reflux episodes >5 min, a clear trend was seen as B group > C group > A group; however, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. The success rates of establishing reflux esophagitis model were similar among the 3 groups. For the reflux esophagitis models, moderate/severe esophagitis was more commonly-seen in B group than in the other 2 groups, but showing no significant difference. Conclusion Partial cardiomyectomy is a more effective way to establish a reflux esophagitis model, but with higher mortality. Balloon dilatation is a safe and effective to establish a reflux esophagitis model, which is also more consistent with anatomical structure and suitable for research of endoscopic or other new surgeries.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influence of enoxaparin anticoagulation following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on clinical events among patients with different ages. Methods A total of 700 patients without high risk of stent thrombosis complications such as no-reflow and coronary artery dissection, who had undergone PCI in the Cardiology Department of Changhai Hospital and Suzhou Municipal Hospital from 2010 to 2014, were recruited in the present study. The patients were randomly assigned to anticoagulation therapy (enoxaparin) group or non-anticoagulantion group. The in-hospital bleeding events and main adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events (MACCEs) in 1 year were compared between patients of the two groups of three different age periods: middle age patients (< 60 years old), old patients (60-74 years old) and advanced age patients (≥75 years old). Results There were no significant differences in the incidences of in-hospital minor bleeding between anticoagulation group and non-anticoagulation group in the middle age patients (21.5% vs 18.8%). Compared with non-anticoagulation group, in-hospital minor bleeding was significantly increased in anticoagulation groups in old patients(36.4% vs 23.5%, P <0.05)and advanced age patients (46.7% vs 22.4%, P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of in-hospital deep venous thrombosis (DVT) between anticoagulation groups and non-anticoagulation groups among various ages. The average hospital stay was significantly increased in anticoagulation group than in the non-anticoagulation group in old patients and advanced age patients(P <0.05). There were no significant differences in incidences of MACCEs in 1 year between the patients of the two groups of different ages (4.1% vs 4.3% in middle age patients, 7.3% vs 6.6% in old patients, and 11.7% vs 10.3% in advanced age patients, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the in-hospital bleeding was not associated with MACCEs in one year. Conclusion Giving no anticoagulation does not increase MACCEs or in-hospital DVT in patients without high risk for stent thrombosis complications following PCI, and it can also reduce the in-hospital minor bleeding in old and advanced age patients.

Abstract:Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of danshensu (DSS), protocatechuic acid (PA) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in plasma samples, and to study the pharmacokinetics of DSS, PA and HSYA in Danhong Injection in normal and cold-coagulation and blood-stasis model rats. Methods The cold-coagulation and blood-stasis rat models (n=6) were made by continuous stimulation with ice water for 20 days; another 6 normal rats served as controls. The concentrations of DSS, PA and HSYA in the plasma were determined by RP-HPLC (0.2% formic acid water[A]-methanol[B], gradient elution, wavelength detection: 280 nm [0-40 min] and 402 nm [40-60 min] ) at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 90 min after administration of Danhong Injection via the tail vein. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 3.0 software. Results DSS and PA had an open two compartment model and HSYA had an open three compartment model. Compared with the normal groups, the model group had significantly increased maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of DSS, PA and HSYA, the distribution half-life time (t_1/2α) of DSS, and elimination half-life time (t_1/2α, t_1/2γ), area under curve (AUC), and apparent volume (V) of PA and HSYA (P <0.05); it also had significantly reduced distribution half-life time (t_1/2α) of PA and HSYA and area under curve (AUC) of DSS(P <0.05). Conclusion DSS has a lower distribution and bioavailability under the condition of cold-coagulation and blood-stasis, while PA and HSYA show a faster distribution, slower elimination, increased apparent volume and bioavailability, indicating a better clinical effect.

Abstract:Objective To investigate influences of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker on glucose metabolism and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in renal cortex in uninephrectomized (UNX) rats. Methods A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups, namely, sham, uninephrectomy, UNX rats treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) Lisinopril and angiotensin receptors blockade (ARB, n=10) Losartan. Rats in the last three groups were made into UNX model reserving single right kidney. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurements of glucose metabolism-related parameters in UNX rats at 3, 6, 8, and 10 months after operation, and renal function-related parameters at 10 months; the expression of AMPK in renal cortex tissues was detected by Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence in the four groups. Results Compared with the sham rats, UNX rats developed hyperinsulinemia at 3 months after operation, hyperglycemia at 8 months and increased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 3 and 10 months (P <0.05 for the corresponding parameters). Compared with UNX rats, ACEI and ARB treatments significantly improved hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and HOMA-IR (P <0.05). Compared with the sham rats, UNX rats developed renal dysfunction as reflected by significantly high serum urea (P <0.05), creatinine (P <0.05) and ratio of urinary total protein to creatinine (P <0.05) at 10 months after operation; while these parameters were all significantly decreased in ACEI or ARB rats (P <0.05) compared with UNX rats. Meanwhile, AMPK expression in the renal cortex tissues in UNX rats was the least among the four groups (P <0.01), and those in the ACEI and ARB groups were significantly higher than that in the UNX group (P <0.01). Conclusion RAS blockade may correct glucose metabolic disorders caused by uninephrectomy via restoring AMPK expression, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for renal dysfunction accompanied with glucose dysmetabolism.

Abstract:P2X₇ receptor, an ATP-gated ion channel, is widely found in various tissues and possesses multiple physiological functions. Recent reports have implicated expression of P2X₇ receptor in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, participating in both bone formation and resorption. This paper reviews the recent progresses on the influence of P2X₇ receptor and its related pathways on bone metabolism.

Abstract:Curcumin, a relatively low molecular weight polyphenol, is derived from the plant Curcuma longa, possessing anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, and anti-oxygenation effect. The anti-tumor effect of curcumin and its molecular mechanism are gradually recognized. The development and progression of tumor is multi-staged and drug intervention can be applied to any of these stages. We need drugs which can prevent and treat cancers safely and effectively. Natural medicine from food sources, such as curcumin, is suitable for all and for long-term use, especially in patients with low to moderate risk, owning to its less side effects, high safety and high patient compliance. However, the physical and chemical characters of curcumin make its usage undesirable, so to overcome these shortcomings has become a focus of research on curcumin. In this article we reviewed the new formulations of curcumin for anti-tumor usage.

Abstract:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)-associated anemia is developed during CKD; it is one of the important clinical manifestations and complications of CKD. Presently some novel reagents to ameliorate anemia such as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and erythropoietin receptor excitomotors, are in the process of clinical trials. In this paper we reviewed the novel remedies for correcting anemia and stimulating erythropoiesis; we also discussed the primary mechanisms and adverse effects of the treatment. The clinical treatment should be chosen according to the advantages and risks of each individual patients, so as to correct anemia, reduce risk of cardiovascular events, and eventually improve the life quality of patients with end-stage renal disease.

Abstract:Objective To explore the feasibility of fabricating individualized cervical cage by three-dimensional printing and to verify the endplate matching of cage. Methods Ten fresh adult cervical specimens (5 males and 5 females, C₁-C₇) were subjected to CT-scan. The original Dicom data were fed into the Mimics software to create the fifth and sixth cervical vertebra and disc model, which was used to prepare individualized cervical cage using three-dimensional printing technique. All the specimens received anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in C_5/6 disc, and CT-scan was taken postoperatively to access the endplate matching of cage. The matching degree was accessed at 36 points in each cage; excellent matching was defined as the distance between endplate and cage being less than 1 mm, good as the distance being greater than or equal to 1 mm while less than 2 mm, and poor as the distance being greater than or equal to 2 mm. Results Gross observation found that the cage well fit the veterbral disc, with satisfactory stability, with no cage being too large for implanting into the veterbral disc or cage drop-out. Six (60%) specimens had excellent matching on all the 36 points. Three specimens had 14 (3.89%) points matched good, including one with 6 points and two with 4 points each; the last specimen had 3 (0.83%) points matched poor. A total of 343 points (95.28%) had excellent matching in the present study. Conclusion Mimics software can well present the anatomical structures of cervical vertebral body and intervertebral disc, enabling individualized design of cervical cage. Three-dimensional printing can achieve rapid prototyping of individualized cage, which can well match the host endplate.

Abstract:Objective To compare the anti-infective effects of levofloxacin lactate and ceftizoxime in treatment of acute edema biliary pancreatitis, so as to provide reference for clinical anti-infective therapy of acute pancreatitis. Methods A total of 180 consecutive patients with acute edema biliary pancreatitis, who were treated in the emergency department of Changhai Hospital from January 2014 to November 2014, were selected in the present study, and they were randomly divided into levofloxacin lactate treatment group and ceftizoxime treatment group. In addition to conventional treatment including water fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, acid suppression, enzyme suppression and nutrition support, etc., levofloxacin lactate therapy and ceftizoxime were given separately to control the infection in the two groups. Then the following parameters were observed: remission of vomiting, abdominal pain and bloating, open eating time, hospital stays, blood routine and biochemistry test, C reaction protein (CRP), serum amylase, and the absorption of inflammation of the pancreas in imaging. Results The levofloxacin lactate treatment group had a significantly higher effective rate than the ceftizoxime treatment group (P <0.05). Compared with the ceftizoxime treatment group, the remission of vomiting and abdominal pain and bloating was significantly faster in the levofloxacin lactate treatment group (P <0.01); the open eating time, hospital stays hemogram and blood amylase recovery were also significantly improved in the levofloxacin lactate treatment group (P <0.05); and the absorption of inflammation of the pancreas in CT imaging was significantly faster (P <0.05). Conclusion The study shows that levofloxacin lactate is more effective than ceftizoxime in the anti-infective therapy of acute edema biliary pancreatitis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided ventriculoatrial shunt in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Methods The clinical data of 13 hydrocephalus patients were analyzed retrospectively; all of them underwent ultrasound-guided ventriculoatrial shunt. Salmon score was used to assess the clinical outcome after operation. The patients were followed up after operation by means of outpatient service and telephone. The diagnosis and treatment of complications of patients were recorded and the reasons were analyzed. Results The successful rate of first puncturing attempt was 100%, with the mean operative time being (1.5±0.31) h. The size of cerebral ventricles decreased to different degrees and the symptoms were greatly improved in 12 of the 13 patients. According to the efficacy standard of shunt therapy of Salmon, it was effective in 12 cases one month after operation, with an effective rate of 92.3%. Six months follow-up found no complications such as endocarditis, arrhythmia or thrombosis in the patients. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ventriculoatrial shunt combined with ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement has the advantage of mini-invasion, shorter operating time, and accurate location, making it worth popularizing in clinic.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of naloxone injected into cisterna magna on S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in serum and the histopathology of brain tissue of rats following cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham group, Conventional CPR group (intravenous injection of epinephrine, 0.2 mg/kg) and Naloxone CPR group(cisterna magna injection of naloxone, 2 mg/kg). Asphyxiation was used to set up rat cardiac arrest model, and corresponding drugs were given when the resuscitation was carried out. The blood samples were taken from orbital venous plexus at 0.5 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of S100β protein and NSE. Brain tissue was taken after the last blood sampling and the pathology of brain was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining. Results Serum S100β protein levels of the Conventional CPR group and Naloxone CPR group were significantly higher than those of the Sham group at all time points (P <0.01); compared with the Conventional CPR group, S100β protein levels in Naloxone CPR group were significantly decreased at 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h after ROSC (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Serum NSE protein level of the Conventional CPR group at all time points and Naloxone CPR group at 6 h and 24 h after ROSC were significantly higher than those of the Sham group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Serum NSE protein levels were significantly decreased at 6 h and 24 h after ROSC in Naloxone CPR group compared with the Conventional CPR group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Moreover, hippocampus glial cells of Conventional CPR group were scattered and decreased, with condensed eosinophilic cytoplasm, narrowed nuclues, unclear nucleolus, and swollen and deformed capillaries. However, most nerve cells of Naloxone CPR group had rich cytoplasm and the nucleolus was clear; only a few nerve cells and capillaries showed edema-like changes of different degrees. Conclusion Naloxone injected into cisterna magna has a prominent protective effect on the brain of rats following cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the safety of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TUPB)and its role in early diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCa) by analyzing the large sample data of a single center. Methods Between June 2005 and August 2014, 3256 consecutive patients with an age range from 50 to 80 years (average 69 years),underwent TUPB at Changhai hospital. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume was evaluated; and 12 cores biopsy was undertaken with separate Gleason score evaluation for each core.Student’s t test was used for statistically analysis. Results The positive predictive value (PPV) of cancer was 34.2%, and the median PSA and Gleason score of PCa patients were 22.8 ng/ml and 7. When the PSA value ranged less than 4.0, 4.1-10.0, 10.1-20.0, 20.1-50.0 ng/ml and 50.0ng/ml or more, PPV was 10.1%, 17.3%, 23.8%, 54.6%, and 90.7%, respectively. Of all the patients with PCa, 43.5% had PSA less than 20ng/ml.A total of 6 patients had infection and of them 2 patient had severe sepsis; 45 patients had rectal bleeding but only 2 patients needed treatment; the other minor complications were acute urine retention,haematouria and vasovagal syncope. All the patients convalesced without sequela. Conclusions TUPB is safe and effective and combination with PSA screen is still the standard for early diagnosis of PCa in China so far, regardless of continuous challenging from upto-date biopsy technique.

Abstract:Objective: The objective of present study was to examine the changes of melatonin receptor agonist Neu-P11 on expression of PKB and P-PKB in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to research the variation mechanisms.Methods: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were cultivated and differentiated in adipogenic cocktail by IBMX, DEX and insulin; Confirm the establishment of insulin resistance model. The changes of PKB and P-PKB protein expressions before and after drug action were detected by Western blot; Results: Expression of PKB and P-PKB reduced significantly by comparison with IS (P < 0.05). Melatonin and Neu-P11 can increase obviously the expression of PKB and P-PKB (P < 0.05). But Luzindole can block the effect of melatoninl, Neu-P11 increasing PKB (P < 0.05), will also be able to block that the melatonin increase P- PKB (P < 0.05), but it can"t block that Neu-P11 increases P - PKB .

Abstract:Objective : To assess the feasibility of laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of enteric intussusception in children. Methods :The clinical data of 15 laparoscopic-assisted diagnosis and treatment suspected enteric intussusception was analyzed from January 2011 to June 2014 . Which were confirmed 11 cases of organic disease (7 cases of Meckel's diverticulum, 3 cases of Peutz-Jegher syndrome, one case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor), 3 cases of primary enteric intussusception, The last case was the Ascaris ileus; laparoscopic-assisted intestine reposition or partial resection and anastomosis of intestine were successfully treated, and Ascaris ileus was open surgery. Results: 14 cases of laparoscopic surgery for enteric intussusception were successfully treated . The operation time was 35 to 82 min, (42.58 ± 16.69min) , the mean hospital was 7 days , they recovered well and were followed up for 1 to 6 months. Conclusions : Laparoscopic-assisted diagnosis and treatment of enteric intussusception is an effective approach.

Abstract:Objective To study the expression pattern of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the sera and liver tissue of biliary atresia. Methods 13 infants with biliatry atresia (BA) were studied. 10 children with congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) were studied as a control. Both the BA and CBD were confirmed at operation and histological examination on the liver tissue of biopsy. The sera level of IL-13 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of IL-13 mRNA in liver tissue was detected with Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of IL-13 protein in liver tissue was examined by western blotting. Results The IL-13 level in sera of BA was significantly lower than that of CBD group (154.5±18.23 pg/ml vs. 268.2±19.30 pg/ml,p<0.01). Compared with CBD group, the expression of IL-13 mRNA in liver tissue was significantly lower in BA (0.0150±0.0021 vs. 0.0320±0.0050, p=0.0220), and the expression of IL-13 protein was decreased (0.3446±0.0150 vs. 0.5765±0.0215, p=0.0122). Conclusions The expression of IL-13 in the sera and liver tissue of BA is significantly elevated. It may play a key role in the pathogenesis of BA and is worthy of further investigation．

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical and radiographic features of anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia caused by acute brainstem infarction. Methods Four cases of anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia were retrospectively reviewed by analyzing their clinical and radiographic data together with anatomical features. Results All 4 cases were caused by brainstem ischemic lesions, demonstrating dotted infraction on thin-sliced diffused-weighted imaging at the dorsal side of pontine and the ventromedial side of the fourth ventricle. Among 4 cases, 1 was cured and the other 3 cases achieved improved adduction and diplopia. Conclusion Anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia is characterized by its dotted lesion in the brainstem at the dorsal side of pontine and the ventromedial side of the fourth ventricle. Thin-sliced MRI facilitates the detection of these lesions.