Abstract:Objective To investigate cell penetrating peptide (PEP-1)-mediated transduction of recombinant hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) protein into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and to observe the effect of the fusion protein P-HNF4α on HCC cells. Methods The expression vector pET28a-P-HNF4α was constructed. The prokaryotic expression condition of fusion protein P-HNF4α was optimized. Recombinant P-HNF4α carrying cell penetrating peptide PEP-1 was obtained by abundant expression, purified by affinity chromatography, and was concentrated and dialyzed. P-HNF4α was transduced into HCC cells. The transduction efficiency was analyzed by Western blotting analysis. Sub-cellular localization of P-HNF4α was detected by Western blotting analysis with nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Real-time RT-PCR was used to examine the gene expression of HCC cells. The proliferation of HCC cells was detected with CCK-8 kit. The migration and invasion of HCC cells were detected by wound-healing assay and trans-well invasion assay, respectively. Results P-HNF4α was efficiently transduced into Huh7 cells and located in the nucleus as mediated by PEP-1. P-HNF4α significantly up-regulated the expression of characteristic hepatocyte markers and down-regulated the "stemness" genes in Huh7 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the proliferation (P<0.05), migration (P<0.001) and invasion (P<0.05) of HCC cells were significantly suppressed by fusion protein P-HNF4α. Conclusion P-HNF4α can induce the differentiation of HCC cells to mature hepatocytes and reduce the malignancy phenotype of HCC cells, suggesting that PEP-1-mediated HNF4α protein transduction may be a potential strategy for HCC differentiation therapy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of neridronate on osteoporosis-associated degeneration of lumbar disc in ovariectomized rats. Methods Totally 30 female SD rats, aged 3 months old, were divided into three groups randomly: Sham group, OVx (ovariectomy) +N (neridronate) group (receiving a subcutaneous injection of 15 μg/kg neridronate twice a week for 6 months), and OVx + PBO (placebo) group (receiving the same dosage of placebo). The rats were sacrificed and the bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphometry and biomechanical properties were measured 6 months later. The histological analysis and score were used to determine the process of lumbar disc degeneration, and the disc height index (DHI) and thickness of cartilage endplate (TCE) were also measured. The protein and mRNA expression levels of collagen type Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ), collagen type Ⅱ (COL-Ⅱ), matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in the lumbar disc of ovariectomized rats were detected by Western blotting analysis and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Results The BMD, bone histomorphometry and biomechanical properties were better in the OVx+N group compared with OVx+PBO group. Histological evaluation showed that the DHI of rats in the OVx+N group was shorter than that in the Sham group, and the TCE of rats in the OVx+N group was higher than that in the Sham group, but showing no significant difference, which indicated that neridronate could effectively maintain the DHI and delay the calcification of the cartilage endplate. The histological score of the OVx+N group was significantly lower than that of the OVx+PBO group (P<0.05), suggesting neridronate could delay the degeneration of lumbar disc. We also found that, compared with the OVx+PBO, the protein and mRNA expression levels of COL-Ⅰ and COL-Ⅱ in the OVx+N group were significantly higher and those of MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion Neridronate can delay the process of lumbar disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats, which may be related to maintaining the integrity of lumbar, promoting COL-Ⅰ and COL-Ⅱ expression and suppressing MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression.

Abstract:Objective To observe the expression of Myc associated factor X (MAX) in aortic dissection tissue, and to discuss its biological functions. Methods MAX expression level was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis in 15 dissected aorta samples. The adenovirus vector was used to transfect human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) for overexpression of MAX. The effects of MAX overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of HASMCs were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Results MAX mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in the aortic dissection tissue compared with that in the healthy controls. Overexpression of MAX significantly inhibited the proliferation of HASMCs and promoted its apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion MAX might induce the loss of HASMCs via regulating their proliferation and apoptosis process, thus play an important role in the development and progression of aortic dissection.

Abstract:Objective To construct a recombinant lentiviral vector harboring shRNA for mouse ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a) and to analyze its effect on cell apoptosis. Methods Four pairs of shRNA sequences targeting mouse RPS3a mRNA were designed, and were ligated into pLLU2G-eGFP lentiviral vector. The recombinant plasmids were co-transfected with pLV/helper plasmids into 293T cells to package the recombinant lentivirus and the titers of the virus were determined. The lentivirus was introduced into RAW264.7 cells and levels of RPS3a mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. The apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells was detected by flow cytometry assays. Results PCR and DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the recombinant lentivirus was successfully constructed and the virus titer was 6×10⁷-9×10⁷ TU/mL. Results of real-time PCR showed that the silencing efficiency of Lenti-shmRPS3a was 72.64%, and Western blotting analysis showed that RPS3a protein expression was decreased. Flow cytometry demonstrated that lentiviral-shRPS3a significantly increased cell apoptosis compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The constructed lentiviral vector harboring shRNA of RPS3a can efficiently silence RPS3a gene expression and promote cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on pharmacodynamics of rocuronium(ROC) in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods Patients of ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery (Group L, n=29) or open gynecological surgery (Group C, n=29) were given total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil. All patients initially received ROC 0.6 mg·kg^-1 by 1.8 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 through closed-loop muscle relaxation injection system. ROC (30 μg·kg^-1·min^-1) was given to maintain muscle relaxation when T1 reached 15% of control. The onset time of ROC (T1 down to 0%), the first time of ROC injection (T1 reach 15%), recovery index of muscle relaxation (T1 increase from 25% to 75%), frequency of ROC injection and injection dosage per unit time were recorded. The hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), PaCO₂, pH and depth of anesthesia (bispectral index, BIS) were also recorded before intubation (P0), after intubation (P1), 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (P2), 30 min after pneumoperitoneum (P3), 1 h after pneumoperitoneum (P4), the end of pneumoperitoneum (P5) and time of removal of intubation (P6). Results The first time of ROC injection in group L was significantly longer than that in group C ([42.1±10.7] min vs [27.7±9.5] min, P<0.01),and the recovery index of muscle relaxation in group L was significantly longer than that in group C([13.8±6.0] min vs [9.6±3.9] min, P<0.01). The total dosage per unit time of ROC in group L was significantly less than that in group C ([5.4±0.8] μg·kg^-1·min^-1 vs [6.3±0.5] μg·kg^-1·min^-1, P<0.05). The frequency of ROC injection in group L was significantly less than that in group C([2.1±1.0] per hour vs [2.8 ±0.9] per hour, P<0.05). Hemodynamically, CO in group L was found significantly lower than that in group C during P2-P4 (P<0.01). Conclusion The duration and recovery time of ROC in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum are prolonged, and smaller dosage is required compared to open gynecological surgery, which is likely due to the lower CO caused by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum.

Abstract:Objective To compare the diagnosis efficacies between real-time tissue elastography (RTE) technique and serum markers for liver cirrhosis, and to explore non-invasive diagnosis methods for liver cirrhosis. Methods The clinic data of 124 patients who underwent liver resection or liver biopsy were analyzed retrospectively. Pathological results, RTE data and tests of serum markers were collected. RTE was expressed by liver fibrosis index (LFI). Tests of serum markers were divided into direct and indirect indicators. Direct indicators were four liver fibrosis detection (liver fibrosis four), including hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), typeⅢ procollagen amino peptide (PCⅢ), and type Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-C). Indirect indicators were the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet (AST-to-platelet ratio index, APRI). Pathology results served as the gold standard, and diagnostic values of RTE and serum markers for cirrhosis were compared by a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Results Ninety-three (75.0%) of the 124 patients had no cirrhosis and 31 (25.0%) had cirrhosis. With pathological results as the gold standard, the sensitivity of HA was 67.7%, the specificity of HA was 62.4%, and the accuracy of HA was 63.7%; the sensitivity of APRI was 80.6%, the specificity of APRI was 49.5%, and the accuracy of APRI was 58.3%; and the sensitivity of LFI was 93.5%, the specificity of LFI was 71.0%, and the accuracy of LFI was 76.6%. Conclusion LFI, HA, and APRI index all have diagnostic values for liver cirrhosis, in which LFI detected by RTE has the highest diagnostic efficacy and ARPI is of high specificity but low sensitivity.

Abstract:Objective To compare two asal-jejunal tube placement methods in critically ill patients with different acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grades, so as to discuss the value of AGI grading in selection of asal-jejunal tube placement. Methods A total of 156 patients with acute gastrointestinal injury in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were observed prospectively; they included 30 cases of grade Ⅰ, 48 cases of grade Ⅱ, 50 cases of grade Ⅲ and 28 cases of grade Ⅳ according to the AGI grading system. And then the patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group was given bedside ultrasound-guided nasal-jejunal tube placement, and the control group underwent bedside blind nasal jejunal tube placement. The success rate and average time of placement were observed in the two groups with different AGI grades, and then the correlation among AGI grading system, success rate and average time of placement were also analyzed in the two groups. Results The success rate of placement was high in AGI grade Ⅰ patients of the two groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(93.8% vs 92.9%). The success rates for AGI grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ patients of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The successful placement rates were lower in AGI grade Ⅳ patients of the two groups and there was no significant difference between them. The average time of successful placement in AGI gradesⅠ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ patients of the treatment group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05); but there was no significant difference in AGI grade Ⅳ patients between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between AGI grade and successful placement rate. There was a positive correlation between AGI grade and the average placement time in the treatment group (P<0.05), but not in the control group. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided nasal-jejunal tube placement is obviously better than the blind method for AGI grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ patients. The average time of ultrasound-guided nasal-jejunal tube placement is positively correlated with AGI grade, suggesting AGI grading system can help to choose naso-jejunal tube placement method.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein B (ApoB) gene MspⅠ/XbaⅠ/EcoRⅠ polymorphisms and the levels of serum lipid in male Han population in Chongqing. Methods The ApoB gene MspⅠ/XbaⅠ/EcoRⅠpolymorphisms were detected by gene chip technology in 157 dyslipidemia cases and 180 healthy controls; and their relationship with serum lipids was analyzed in the dyslipidemia group and the controls. Results In both dyslipidemia group and control group, the total cholesterol (TC) levels with M⁺M^- genotype at MspⅠ locus were significantly higher than those with M⁺M⁺ genotype (dyslipidemia group: [6.54±0.58] vs [5.58±0.83] mmol/L, P<0.01; control group: [5.43±0.17] vs [4.39±0.62] mmol/L, P<0.01); the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels with X⁺X^- genotype at XbaⅠ locus were significantly lower than those with X^-X^- genotype, whereas the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher than those with X^-X^- genotype (dyslipidemia group HDL-C: [1.08±0.27] vs [1.22±0.44] mmol/L, P=0.03; LDL-C: [3.88±0.63] vs [3.46±0.83] mmol/L, P=0.01; control group HDL-C: [1.31±0.43] vs [1.48±0.37] mmol/L, P=0.04; LDL-C: [3.19±0.54] vs [2.94±0.59] mmol/L, P=0.02); the HDL-C levels with E⁺E^- genotype at EcoRⅠ locus were significantly lower than those with E⁺E⁺ genotype (dyslipidemia group: [1.01±0.18] vs [1.21±0.43] mmol/L, P=0.01; control group: [1.27±0.20] vs [1.47±0.40] mmol/L, P=0.03). The HDL-C levels in dyslipidemia group with X⁺X^- genotype were significantly lower than the control group with X⁺X^- genotype, but the LDL-C levels were significantly higher than the control group with X⁺X^- genotype (HDL-C: [1.08±0.27] vs [1.31±0.43] mmol/L, P=0.01; LDL-C: [3.88±0.63] vs [3.19±0.54] mmol/L, P<0.01); the HDL-C levels in the dyslipidemia group with E⁺E^- genotype were significantly lower than those in the control group ([1.01±0.18] vs [1.27±0.20] mmol/L, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that ApoB gene MspⅠ polymorphism was positively correlated with TC; XbaⅠpolymorphism was negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with LDL-C. Conclusion The ApoB gene MspⅠ and XbaⅠ polymorphisms may be associated with the levels of serum lipids. There is a tendency that the M⁺M^- genotype can increase TC levels and the X⁺X^- genotype can reduce HDL-C levels and increase LDL-C levels.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of hyperuricemia among the adult population in Anhui province. Methods The data of Chronic Kidney Disease Survey for Adults in Anhui Province in 2010 were used in this study for analyzing the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia. Results The survey data were from 3 800 individuals, including 3 374 with complete data. And 260 were diagnosed as hyperuricemia (male 133; female 127), with the crude prevalence of hyperuricemia in Anhui province being 7.70%. After adjusting the age and gender of residents, the prevalences of hyperuricemia were 7.04% and 7.88%, respectively, in Auhui province. Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity, education background, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease might be independent risk factors for hyperuricemia. Conclusion The risk factors of hyperuricemia in the present study are consistent with previous domestic and international findings. Active control of body weight, blood lipid, and alcohol intake can help to prevent hyperuricemia.

Abstract:Objective To study the application of heart rate(HR) and rating of perceived exertion(RPE) scale in monitoring the physical fatigue in the divers during the 100 msw heliox saturation diving. Methods The 100 msw pressure environment was simulated by a 500 msw saturation diving system: pressure was 1.1 MPa; oxygen partial pressure was 35-52 kPa; carbon dioxide partial pressure was <0.5 kPa;the temperature during exposure to high pressure was (31.0±1.7)℃;and the relative humidity was (76.8±3.5)%. Respiratory gas was heliox. The 18 divers' HR and the scores of RPE scale were recorded at 6 time points, including (1)the day before the subjects entered the chamber; (2) the first day that the subjects were exposed to 100 msw pressure environment; (3) the peak of the subject physical exercise load test under 100 msw pressure environment; (4) the second day under 100 msw pressure environment; (5) the first day that the subjects were out of the chamber; and (6) the seventh day that the subjects were out of the chamber. All the data were analyzed with paired-samples t-test. The correlation was analyzed with Pearson correlation. Results From the day before the subjects entered the chamber to the first day that the subjects were exposed to 100 msw pressure environment, the resting HR of subjects was significantly decreased (P<0.05); From the first day that the subjects were out of the chamber to the seventh day that the subjects were out of the chamber, the resting HR was significantly increased (P<0.05). Significant differences were also found in the basic RPE score of the subjectes between before entering the chamber and after entering the chamber(P<0.05). During the 100 msw heliox saturation, with the variable physical work loads, the trend of of heart rate changes was still in accordance with the score of RPE scale, with that measured at the peak of the subject physical exercise load test under 100 msw pressure being significantly different from that measured at the first day the subjects were exposed to 100msw pressure (P<0.05).The RPE score was significantly related with the HR of divers (r=0.734, P<0.01). Conclusion The combined application of HR and RPE scale can monitor the physical fatigue of the divers during 100msw heliox saturation diving.

Abstract:Although it has been demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are abound in human placenta during pregnancy, the physiological function of PPARs is still not clear. This review focused on the PPARs structural features, action mechanism, distribution and function in the human placenta, and the possible relationship with pathological pregnancy, so as to reveal the role of PPARs in placenta and fetal development, pregnancy-maintenance and the start of labor.

Abstract:Melanoma is a malignant cutaneous cancer derived from the epidermal melanocytes, with high potency of metastasis and high lethal rate. Melanoma epigenetics research is gaining fast progress and many new achievements have been made in areas such as gene promoter methylation, histone modification, miRNA inhibiting target gene and lncRNA regulating the structure of chromatin. As the alteration of epigenetics may cast new light on cure of melanoma since it can contribute to clinic diagnosis and drug development. This paper reviewed the progression in melanoma epigenetics, with special attention on cell function analysis such as cell cycle, cell apoptosis, invasion and migration, clone formation, signal pathway, and elaborated how the change of melanoma epigenetics influences tumor cell genesis, progression and metastasis. We also discussed the prospect of epigenetics research in melanoma precaution, diagnosis, therapy, progression and the prognosis monitoring.

Abstract:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the subsequent persistent inflammation are the important factors that facilitate the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Both HBV infection and persistent inflammation can affect carcinogenesis via regulating microRNA expression. Aberrant expression of microRNAs plays an important role in regulating the malignant transformation of chronic inflammation. Some microRNAs can aggravate inflammation via increasing HBV replication or expression of inflammatory factors, some can promote fibrosis process via activating hepatic stellate cells or producing collagen proteins, and some can promote cancer progression by affecting the balance between cancer promoting factors and tumor suppressor factors. Proinflammatory molecules can promote Evo-Dev of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma through epigenetic regulation including regulating the expression of microRNAs. Here in this review we discussed the potential mechanisms by which persistent inflammation induces aberrant expression of microRNAs and the role of dysregulated microRNAs in the development of chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective To observe the efficacy of adalimumab for treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and the changes of serum 25(OH)D level. Methods A total of 42 patients, who were clinically diagnosed with moderate to severe psoriasis and were not improved by normal psoriatic treatment, were given adalimumab subcutaneously(80 mg at week 0, and then 40 mg every other week for totally 12 weeks). The changes of serum 25(OH)D level, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), the doctor comprehensive assessment indicators (PGA) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scores were observed and analyzed. Results Totally 41 patients completed the treatment. At week 12, 32 patients (78.0%) achieved PASI75 (greater than or equal to 75% improvement in PASI score) response, while 9 patients (22.0%) did not. The scores of PASI, PGA and DLQI were all significantly lower after treatment compared with those before treatment (P<0.01). The serum 25(OH)D level after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.01). No severe adverse events were observed during the experiment. Conclusion Adalimumab is effective for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, and the serum 25(OH)D level is increased after treatment, which might be related to mechanism of the effect of adalimumab.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cell (Treg) in the peripheral blood of elderly patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and its clinical implication. Methods Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of elderly patients with type 2 DPN (DNP group, 20 cases), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with no complications (T2DM group, 20 cases) and age-matched healthy volunteers (CON group, 20 cases). The results were statistically analyzed and compared between different groups. Results The numbers of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg in DPN group and T2DM group were significantly less than that in the healthy volunteers (P<0.05), and the number of Treg cells in DPN group was significantly less than that in T2DM group (P<0.05). The proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg was negatively associated with Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) scores in DPN group, but with no statistical significance; however, the proportion had a significantly negative correlation with Michigan diabetic neuropathy score (r=-0.339, P<0.05). Conclusion The number of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg is decreased in the peripheral blood of elderly patients with DPN, which may play a role in the development and progression of DPN in elderly patients.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with early hypothyroidism after ¹³¹I therapy and patients with refractory hyperthyroidism. Methods The clinical data of patients with early hypothyroidism after receiving ¹³¹I treatment in three months and patients with refractory hyperthyroidism were retrospectively analyzed in the present study, and the clinical data of them were compared with the patients in the control group. Results A total of 246 patients of hyperthyroidism were included. The thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) level of the early hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the refractory hyperthyroidism group had significantly longer disease course and significantly higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT₃), free thyroxine (FT₄), thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb), 3 h iodine uptake, and ¹³¹I dose compared with the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01); while thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TPOAb levels of the refractory hyperthyroidism group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion TPOAb level is closely related to patients with early hypothyroidism after receiving ¹³¹I treatment. Patients with refractory hyperthyroidism have longer disease course and higher levels of FT₃, FT₄ and TRAb.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the causes of early bioprosthesis failure(EBF) and to discuss its coping strategy. Methods The clinical data of patients who received bioprosthesis replacement in Changhai Hospital between Jan. 2001 and Jan. 2014 were reviewed. We also searched PubMed for related articles which were published from 1994 to 2014 using "bioprosthesis", "heart valve prosthesis", "early failure" and "bioprosthesis failure" as the keywords. Results Only three EBF cases (0.5%) were found among a total of 650 cases who received bioprosthesis replacement in our hospital, and the reasons for EBF in the 3 cases were: native valve attachment, early calcification caused by metabolic syndrome, and early valve thrombosis. PubMed searched identified 14 EBF case reports, and the reasons for these 14 cases were as follows: native valve attachment in 6(42.9%) cases, metabolic abnormalities in 3(21.4%) cases, early valve thrombosis in 2(14.3%) cases, chronic inflammation in 2(14.3%) cases, and improper operation in 1 (7.1%) case. Conclusion EBF is a rare but serious complication after bioprosthesis replacement, with complicated causes. Appropriate preventive measures should be applied according to the different conditions of patients.

Abstract:Objective To study the relationship of endocrine disruptors (EDCs) with premature thelarche in the 0-3 years old baby girls. Methods A total of 60 infant girls diagnosed with premature thelarche were selected as the case group in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University between August 2013 and June 2014, and another 60 healthy girls were included into a control group. Their parents were asked to finish questionnaires and each participants underwent B ultrasonic examination. The serum samples were obtained from both groups by professional doctors to examine the levels of estradiol, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, bisphenol A and diethyl phthalate. Results There were no significant differences in the age, FSH or LH levels between the case group and the control group (P=0.745, 0.721 and 0.195, respectively); the level of E2 in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.017); bisphenol A and diethyl phthalate levels in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group ([272.9±101.3] μg/L vs [21.8±18.4] μg/L, P=0.000; [0.8±0.3] mg/L vs [0.3±0.1] mg/L,P=0.000). There was a positive correlation between the bisphenol A and diethyl phthalate in the case group (r=0.061, P=0.002), but not in the control group(r=0.302,P=0.102). There was no significant correlation between the sex hormone and the two EDCs (bisphenol A or diethyl phthalate) (P>0.05). Conclusion Premature thelarche in the infant girls between 0 and 3 years old is associated with serum estrogen level, bisphenol A and ethyl phthalate levels, and there is no relationship between genetic factors and environmental factors.

Abstract:Objective To study the effects of color Doppler ultrasound insonification of maternal rats of different pregnancy periods on the brain ultrastructure of fetal rats. Methods SD rats of different pregnant periods (12 d, 15 d, and 18 d) were insonificated by color Doppler ultrasound for 30 min. The PREIRUS color computer audio-visual device was used with the insonificating parameters as follows: EUP-LTM4,H5.0 MHz,Tis=0.4,and Micd=1.2. The fetal brains of the each group was collected 24 hours after insonification, and the changes of brain ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results There were no significant changes on brain ultrastructure in fetal rats of 12-day maternal pregnancy, with occasional dissolved mitochondria cristae, slight expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, relatively regular nucleus shape and smaller vacuoles in the cytoplasm. There were obvious changes on brain ultrastructure in fetal rats of 15-day maternal pregnancy, with the injury of organelles being severer than that of 12-day maternal pregnancy. There were significant changes on brain ultrastructure in fetal rats of 18-day maternal pregnancy, with obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, severely irregular nuclear shape, obviously dissolved mitochondrial cristae, expansive nuclear gap and large vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound insonification at different maternal pregnancy periods have different effects on the brain ultrastructure of fetal rats; the earlier the pregnancy period, the smaller the effects on brain ultrastructure of fetal rats.

Abstract:Objective To explore the formulation and preparation technique of rosuvastatin calcium tablets with satisfactory stability and reproducibility. Methods Using suitable formulations, we prepared the rosuvastatin calcium granulates by high shear mixer and fluid bed separately, and compared their influences on the granulate properties, tablet characteristics and dissolution. The reproducibility of formulation and preparation technique was investigated. Furthermore, the factors affecting the formulation were also investigated. Results Compared with the fluid bed, granulation using high sheer mixer was more suitable for preparing rosuvastatin calcium granulates. The selected formulation and preparation technique yielded 3 batches of rosuvastatin calcium tablets which met the quality requirement. The tablets had a comparable dissolution profiles to "Crestor " of AstraZeneca. The stability of rosuvastatin calcium was largely affected by the strong light, high humidity and high temperature. Conclusion The optimized formulation and preparation technique have good reproducibility for preparing rosuvastatin calcium tablets, which have good stability.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the distribution and characteristics of pruritus/itch literatures and understand the current research status, so as to provide evidence for future research on pruritus/itch. Methods Literatures on pruritus/itch since 1970 in PubMed database were analyzed by bibliometric tool-Thomson Data Analyzer. The distributions of year, nation, journal, author and current focus area on pruritus/itch were analyzed, and the author cooperation network diagram was plotted. Results The earliest literature of pruritus/itch was traced back to 1843, and the number of papers published during 1970 to 1980 was stable, but after that the number witnessed a steady increase annually. The United States and Germany played a leading role in the the papers of pruritus/itch. The numbers of papers from Japan, the United Kingdom, Italy and France were also great. The top three journals that published the most papers of pruritus/itch were: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, British Journal of Dermatology and Archives of Dermatology. Professor Yosipovitch G from Wake Forest Medical Center(USA), professor Staender S from the Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology Department, Maennedorf Regional Hospital (Germany) and professor Ring J from Allergy and Dermatology Department, University of Munich (Germany) were the top 3 authors who published the most papers on pruritus/itch. The research focuses in the field of pruritus/itch included diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion The United States and European countries are the main players in research of pruritus/itch. More Chinese research teams should join in the research on pruritus/itch. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of pruritus/itch are supposed to be the main future focus of pruritus/itch field.

Abstract:Objective: The non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is easy misdiagnosed due to its complex etiology, clinical manifestations. It is more difficult to diagnose and treat for elderly patients with multiple basic diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with NCSE, therapy, diagnosis, and the value of long-range video electroencephalography (LV-EEG). Methods: The clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) data of the five elderly patients with NCSE in my hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Five patients showed episodes of abnormal behavior during seizure (5/5). There were 3 patients with previous history of epilepsy after cerebral infarction (3/5), 1 patient diagnosed intracranial infection because of NCSE episodes to consultation (1/5), and 1 case with previous history of epilepsy (1/5). The V-EEG of the 5 patients showed persistent epileptic form discharges during seizure. Intravenous diazepam had good effect to the 5 patients during seizure. Seizure of the 5 cases was controlled acceptably with different antiepileptic drugs according to different epilepsy forms.Conclusions: The abnormal mind and behavior is still main performance in elderly patients with NCSE. The LV-EEG provides reliable foundation for diagnosis of the disease. The rational use of antiepileptic drugs is effective. Intravenous diazepam slow for elderly patients with NCSE is applied as well.

Abstract:objective To explore the clinical and pathological features of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus with intravascular growth. Method 1 cases of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus with intravascular growth was observed pathological feature ,immunohistochemical stained and reviewed related literature. Results uterine muscle layers 15cmx13cmx10cm mass was detected with medical ultrasound in a 42-year-old woman and clinical diagnosis of uterine sarcoma. The naked eye uterine muscle layers in a haphazard mass and serous membrane outer protrusions like placental villi-like appearance were discovered, which was composed of well-differentiated tumors of smooth muscle cell and the distribution of the plexiform vascular with prominent hydropic degeneration. In myometrium at the same time form of venous blood tube has good smooth muscle hyperplasia, did not see beyond the blood vessels. The patient underwent total hysterectomy and the right Ssalpingectomy, no recurrence was found during the follow-up of 6 mouths. Conclusion cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus with intravascular growth, also known as cotyledonoid hydropic intravenous leiomyomatosis(CHIL), is a very uncommon type of a benign uterine smooth-muscle tumor and the prognosis is good. The worrying appearance of the gross specimen is often mistaken for malignant or non-uterine lesions that may result in overtreatment. It is important to be aware of this entity to prevent overly aggressive treatment for this benign smooth-muscle neoplasm.