Abstract:Skeletal muscle injuries are common in clinic, and the rate of disability caused by frequent natural disasters is increasing in recent years. Prompt diagnosis and accurate assessment of the damage range and severity are critical when a muscular injury occurs. According to our emergency ultrasound experiences, structural disorder and textural changes of damaged thigh muscle of the crush syndrome patients can be dynamically observed by high resolution ultrasound, which has similar texture imaging effect compared with magnetic resonance imaging and has unique imaging advantages. However, visual evaluation of ultrasonograms depends more on the experiences of the ultrasonographers, and thus is quite subjecitve. Besides, there is no unified standard for quantitative diagnosis of injuried muscle by ultrasound. In order to provide references for quantitative evaluation of injured muscle pathology, we performed a series of in vitro experiments, animal experiments and preliminary clinical studies, and used computer-aided ultrasonsographic texture analysis to quantitatively evaluate the texture changes of skeletal muscle in different periods. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound to observe the vascular distribution characteristics of skeletal muscles, and compared the muscle fiber structure, collagen distribution, and the degree of vascularization and vascular distribution in different periods, hoping to make quantitative muscle ultrasound as a practical and reliable tool for the muscle injury diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in the apoptosis of GC-2 spermatocytes in mouse induced by ionizing radiation. Methods The mouse spermatocytes GC-2 cells were divided into control group and 2, 4 and 8 Gy ⁶⁰Co irradiation treatment groups. The cell apoptosis was detected by in situ terminal transferase labeling (TUNEL) method and flow cytometry, the changes of autophagosome in GC-2 cells was observed by fluorescence microscope, and the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3 (LC3-Ⅰ and LC3-Ⅱ) and Beclin1 in GC-2 cells were determined by Western blotting analysis. After treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) 2 h before ionizing radiation treatment, the effect of autophagy inhibitor combined with ionizing radiation on cell viability and the changes of autophagy-related protein expressions in GC-2 cells were observed. Results Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin1 protein of GC-2 cells in the irradiation treatment group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Fluorescence microscopy showed that the cell autophagosome was increased. The expression of Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ protein in GC-2 cells treated with 5 mmol/L 3-MA was significantly lower than that in the 3-MA-untreated group (P<0.05), and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Ionizing radiation can induce autophagy of spermatocytes, and the inhibition of autophagy can enhance the killing effect of ionizing radiation on spermatocytes.

Abstract:Objective To study the expression of Musashi-1 in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the relationship between Musashi-1 and clinical prognosis and the effect of Musashi-1 on the metastasis and invasion of HCC cells. Methods We collected HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 138 patients undergoing radical resection of HCC in our hospital from June 2000 to June 2010. The expression of Musashi-1 in all tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method. The relationship between Musashi-1 expression and clinical characteristics and prognosis was analyzed by Pearson χ² test and Fisher exact test. The expression of CD133 in HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues was detected by qPCR and the correlation between Musashi-1 and CD133 in tumor tissues was analyzed. Finally, we constructed SMMC-7721 cells with stable overexpression of Musashi-1, determined the effect of Musashi-1 on the sphere-forming potential of SMMC-7721 cells using Sphere formation assay, and detected the effect of Musashi-1 on the ability of cell invasion by tumor invasion experiment. Results Musashi-1 was highly expressed in 105 (76.1%) HCC tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). The expression of Musashi-1 was related to α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, ascites and distant metastasis (all P<0.05), but not to gender, age, HBV contagious history, tumor size, tumor foci, portal vein tumor thrombus or microscopic tumor thrombus (P>0.05). Spearman analysis indicated that HCC patients with higher Musashi-1 expression have significantly worse overall survival rate (P<0.05) and disease-free survival (P<0.05) compared with those with low Musashi-1 expression. The expression of CD133 mRNA in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05), and CD133 expression was positively correlated with Musashi-1 expression (R²=0.78, P<0.001). In vitro experiments confirmed that overexpression of Musashi-1 enhanced the sphere-forming potential and invasive ability of SMMC-7721 cells. Conclusion Musashi-1 has higher expression in HCC tissues and may promote HCC progression and metastasis. High level of Musashi-1 may indicate poor prognosis, providing a reference for prognosis judgment in HCC patients.

Abstract:Objective To compare the levels of indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), representative substances of serum protein-bound toxins, between patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and healthy volunteers, and to explore the factors influencing the levels of serum IS and PCS. Methods Limosis vein blood (3 mL) were collected from 72 PD patients in Peritoneal Dialysis Center and 24 healthy voluteers in Physical Examination in Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University from Feb. 2015 to Jul. 2015. The concentrations of serum total IS, total PCS, free IS and free PCS were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. The relationship between IS, PCS and age, gender, small molecule toxins, adequacy of PD, residual renal function, nutritional status and C-reaction protein (CRP) in PD patients were analyzed by simple correlation and multivariable linear regression analysis. Results The concentrations of serum total IS and total PCS in PD patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers (P<0.001). Compared with PD patients without residual renal function (RRF), the concentration of serum total IS was significantly lower in PD patients with RRF (P=0.001). Serum total IS was positively correlated with free IS (r=0.719, P<0.01) and dialysis duration (r=0.306, P<0.01), while it was negatively correlated with residual renal Kt/V (r=-0.372, P<0.01), residual renal creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) (r=-0.515, P<0.01), and residual renal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.495, P<0.01). Serum free IS was negatively correlated with residual renal Ccr (r=-0.430, P<0.01) and residual renal eGFR (r=-0.431, P<0.01). Serum total IS and free IS were not related to age, hemoglobin or CRP. Conclusion Serum IS level is negatively correlated with RRF, but not with age, hemoglobin or CRP, suggesting that protection of RRF is conducive to the removal of serum IS in patients undergoing PD.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumors, and to evaluate the value of Risk Assessment Table of VTE in Hospitalized Patients in above patients. Methods A total of 530 post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumors in our hospital between Oct. 2010 and Nov. 2015 were enrolled, including 58 cases complicated with VTE and 472 cases without VTE. Clinical indexes of all patients including age, body mass index (BMI), tumor type, tumor stage, operation method, operation time, amount of bleeding, history of blood transfusion, bedridden time, and history of comorbidities were statistically analyzed. The clinical dynamic evaluation of 317 post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor diagnosed between Nov. 2015 and Apr. 2017 were conducted by the new version of Risk Assessment Table of VTE in Hospitalized Patients, which was jointly developed by our hospital. Targeted interventions were used based on the evaluation results, and the incidence of VTE was observed and compared with patients who did not use the assessment table. Results Univariate analysis results showed that BMI, tumor stage, operation time, amount of bleeding, blood transfusion and bedridden time were significantly related to VTE (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis results showed that age, BMI, tumor stage, operation time and operation method were independent risk factors of VTE in post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor (P<0.05). After application of the Risk Assessment Table of VTE in Hospitalized Patients and taking corresponding interventions, the incidence of VTE in patients was significantly lower than that before application (1.89%[6/317] vs 10.9%[58/530], P<0.05). Conclusion Age, BMI, tumor stage, operation time and operation method are the independent risk factors of VTE in post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor. Assessing the risk of VTE in the peri-operative period and taking appropriate preventive measures according to the risk score can reduce the incidence of VTE in post-operative patients with gynecological malignancies.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of microwave ablation on the specimen quality, risk of bleeding and histopathological outcomes of core needle biopsy in thyroid nodules. Methods Core needle biopsy were performed on 251 cases of thyroid solitary nodules before and after microwave ablation, and then the specimen quality, hemorrhage of thyroid nodules after biopsy, legibility of pathological slices and the consistency of pathological diagnosis were compared. Results The specimen satisfaction rate of thyroid nodules after microwave ablation was significantly improved compared with that before microwave ablation (100%[251/251] vs 92.03%[231/251], P=0.000), and the incidence of bleeding after microwave ablation was significantly decreased versus that before microwave ablation (0% vs 15.14%[38/251]; P=0.000). And 184 of 251 thyroid nodules were benign and 67 were papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition to 4 thyroid nodules which could not be sliced due to poor quality before microwave ablation, the overall consistency of pathological diagnosis in the remaining nodules before and after microwave ablation was 100%. Conclusion Core needle biopsy immediately after microwave ablation does not affect the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodules, and can reduce the risk of bleeding and improve the specimen quality.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of girders of actin filaments (Girdin) in pituitary adenomas, and its role in promoting cell proliferation and the related molecular mechanism. Methods Two prolactinoma, growth hormone adenoma and non-functioning pituitary adenoma tissues, and one normal pituitary gland tissue were collected. The protein expression of Girdin in the different tissues was detected by Western blotting, and then the expression of Girdin was further confirmed by immunofluorescence. Rat pituitary tumor cell lines GH3 cell model with Girdin knockdown and overexpression was established by RNA interference and overexpression of Girdin, respectively. The protein expression of Girdin and Akt and phosphorylation level of Akt in the GH3 cell models were detected by Western blotting. The function and biological behavior of Girdin in pituitary adenomas tissues were studied by cell proliferation assay and cell apoptosis assay. Results The expression of Girdin in the non-functioning pituitary adenomas was the highest, followed by growth hormone pituitary adenomas. The high expression of Girdin in the non-functioning pituitary adenomas was also verified by immunofluorescence assay. RNA interference and overexpression of Girdin effectively knocked down and increased the expression of Girdin, respectively, accompanied by the simultaneous changes of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, overexpression of Girdin promoted the proliferation of GH3 cells. Conclusion Girdin is highly expressed in non-functioning pituitary adenomas and can promote the proliferation of pituitary adenoma cell by regulating the Akt phosphorylation.

Abstract:Objective To establish a technique for sensitively reflecting the micro-mechanical changes of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in their early differentiation process by mechanical phenotype. Methods Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF-QNM) technique was used to measure the nanomechanical spectroscopy of hMSCs during differentiation induced by different concentrations of lithium chloride. Results The nanomechanical spectroscopy of hMSCs induced by 4 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L lithium chloride was significantly different after 48 h, while there was significant difference in Young's modulus after 72 h. Conclusion Nanomechanical spectroscopy is superior to Young's modulus in reflecting the change of mechanical properties of hMSCs in their early differentiation phase. Mechanical phenotype based on nanomechanical spectroscopy can be used as a physical biomarker to identify the hMSCs at their early differentiation stage.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors and prevention measures of hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism (HPP) after thyroidectomy. Methods Clinical data of 449 patients with thyroid diseases, who received thyroidectomies in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University from Jan.1 to Jun.30, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 95 males and 354 females, with an average age of (48.99±12.81) years old. The risk factors of post-operative hypocalcemia or HPP were screened by smooth curve fitting, threshold effect analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis and multivariate analysis using the EmpowerStats and R software. Results Among the 449 patients, 27 cases (6.01%) developed lower parathyroid hormone (PTH), 43 (9.58%) developed hypocalcemia, and 23 (5.12%) developed transient HPP, of which one patient might develop permanent HPP. The risk of post-operative hypocalcemia was increased by 4% for every 1% decrease in post-operative PTH (P<0.000 1). Patients with thyroid carcinoma had the highest risk of HPP, followed by nodular goiter and hyperthyroidism. There was significant difference in the incidence of HPP among patients with six thyroid diseases(P<0.05). The larger of surgical resection range, the higher the incidence of HPP. Bilateral total/subtotal thyroidectomy plus central lymph node dissection in central area was a risk factor of the post-operative HPP (P<0.05). Conclusion The thyroid pathological type, surgical method and difficulty are important factors influencing the parathyroid function after thyroidectomy. Post-operative change of PTH levels has an important role in predicting the incidence of HPP and hypocalcemia.

Abstract:Objective To explore the role of cine sequence of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in evaluating left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods LV two-chamber, three-chamber, four-chamber long-axis and series of short-axis cine images were obtained from 30 patients with HFpEF (HFpEF group) and 15 cases with normal cardiac function (control group) using CMR examination. LV volume-time curve (VTC) and global strain curves were drawn. Peak filling rate and peak filling volume, global longitudinal, global radial, global circumferential peak strain and peak diastolic strain rate were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, LV remodeling index (LVRI) in the HFpEF group was significantly increased (0.86±0.15 vs 0.73±0.08, P<0.05), first peak filling rate/second peak filling rate (PFR1/PFR2) was significantly decreased or even inverted (0.74 ±0.14 vs 1.43±0.34, P=0.001), and first filling volume (FV1) and FV1/total filling volume (FV1/FV) were significantly decreased (26.24±9.74 vs 31.30±5.17, P<0.05; 0.59±0.05 vs 0.69±0.03, P<0.05). Global longitudinal peak strain (GLS) ([-14.96±1.79]% vs[-20.96±0.84]%,P<0.01), global longitudinal diastolic peak strain rate (0.65±0.16 vs 1.29±0.27, P<0.05), global radial diastolic peak strain rate (-2.23±0.71 vs -3.80±1.13, P<0.05) and global circumferential diastolic peak strain rate (GDCSR) (1.02±0.14 vs 1.77±0.63, P<0.05) in the HFpEF group were significantly decreased versus control group. Conclusion LVRI, PFR1/PFR2, FV1 and GDCSR obtained by CMR can accurately evaluate the changes of LV diastolic function in HFpEF, which may play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-340 (miR-340) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its effect on cell biological behavior. Methods We collected 40 frozen HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from patients undergoing hepatectomy of HCC at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Mar. 2015 to Sep. 2016. The expression of miR-340 in all tissues was detected by qPCR and the relationship between miR-340 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Simultaneously, the expression of miR-340 in normal hepatocyte (HL-7702) and four hepatoma cells lines (Hep3B, Bel-7402, HepG2, SMMC-7721) was detected by qPCR after incubation for 48 h. The eukaryotic expression vector with miR-340 or control reagent was transfected into SMMC-7721 cells using EndoFection^TM-Max to increase or inhibit the expression of miR-340, and then the cells were cultured for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The target gene of miR-340 was predicted by bioinformatics software, and the effect of miR-340 on target gene was further verified by qPCR and Western blotting. Results The expression of miR-340 in HCC tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.01), and was correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV DNA, tumor size and TNM stage (all P<0.01). Besides, the expression of miR-340 in HL-7702 cells was significantly higher than that in Hep3B, Bel-7402, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells (P<0.05, P<0.01). CCK-8 assay results showed that overexpression of miR-340 inhibited proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, while inhibition of miR-340 promoted cell proliferation (P<0.05, P<0.01). Overexpression of miR-340 significantly promoted SMMC-7721 cells apoptosis, while suppression of miR-340 significantly inhibited cells apoptosis (all P<0.01). S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) was a target gene of miR-340 as indicated by bioinformatics software. Further, qPCR and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of miR-340 inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of SKP2, while inhibition of miR-340 increased the mRNA and protein expression of SKP2. Conclusion The abnormal expression of miR-340 may be associated with the HBV infection, and miR-340 may be an indicator to evaluate the progression and prognosis of HCC. MiR-340 can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells, which may be effected by inhibiting the SKP2 expression.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of β-asarone on differential protein expression in brain tissue of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice, and to explore its mechanism in treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods The animals were divided into normal control group (C57BL/6J mice), model group (APPswe/PS1dE9 mice) and β-asarone treatment group (APPswe/PS1dE9 mice), with ten mice in each group. In a period of 90 days, the mice in β-asarone treatment group were administered with β-asarone by intragastric gavage (15 mg/[kg·d]), and the mice in normal control and model groups were administered with equal doses of normal saline. The learning and memory abilities of mice were detected by Morris water maze test. The expression of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brain tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Proteomics analysis of brain tissues was performed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The expression of differential protein H2A and H2B was identified by Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the escape latency and the first latency time required to find the escaped platform of mice in the β-asarone treatment group were significantly shortened (P<0.05), the across-platform times were significantly increased (P<0.05), the expression of APP was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expressions of H2A 1-H, H2B 2-E and H2B 1-F/J/L were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion β-Asarone plays a therapeutic role by intervening the modification of histone, which might be one of the mechanisms to improve learning and memory abilities injured by the toxicity of β-amyloid peptide.

Abstract:Objective To detect the expression of growth factor independence 1 (GFI-1) in peripheral blood of patients with Sézary syndrome and normal persons, so as to provide a theoretical basis for developing GFI-1 gene target therapy. Methods CD4⁺CD7^- Sézary cells (SS cells) were separated and purified from peripheral blood of 7 patients with Sézary syndrome by flow cytometry, CD4⁺T cells from peripheral blood of 10 normal persons, Sézary syndrome-derived cell line Hut78 and human acute T cell leukemia cell line Jurkat as controls. The mRNA and protein expressions of GFI-1 were detected by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Then after interferon-α-2b (IFN-α2b) was used to induce Hut78 cell apoptosis, the cell proliferation was measured by MTS, the mRNA expression of GFI-1, cell cycle-dependent protein kinase inhibitor P21, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Caspase-3 was detected by qPCR, and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results The expression of GFI-1 mRNA in the SS cells was significantly higher than that in the Jurkat and CD4⁺T cells (all P<0.05). The expression of GFI-1 protein in the SS cells and Hut78 cells was significantly higher than that in the Jurkat and CD4⁺T cells (all P<0.05). IFN-α2b significantly inhibited the proliferation of Hut78 cells, and the effect was concentration-dependent and time-dependent. The mRNA expression of GFI-1 in Hut78 cells was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner at 12 h and 24 h treated with IFN-α2b, while the mRNA expressions of P21, TRAIL and Caspase-3 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The apoptosis of Hut78 cells was significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h treated with IFN-α2b (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of GFI-1 gene in peripheral blood SS cells of patients with Sézary syndrome is increased and can be inhibited by IFN-α2b, indicating that GFI-1 gene may play an important regulatory role in tumor proliferation of SS cells in patients with Sézary syndrome.

Abstract:Pancreatic exocrine function examination is mainly divided into direct examination and indirect examination methods. Direct examination methods include secretin test, secretin-caerulein test, endoscopic pancreatic function test, secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance pancreatography, Lundh test, etc. Indirect examination methods are comprised of routine serological testing, fecal fat detection, fecal enzyme detection, breath test, urine analysis of specific substances and so on. Direct examination has higher accuracy than indirect examination, but it is more invasive and cumbersome than noninvasive indirect examination. In this review, we summarized the clinical application and progress of pancreatic exocrine function examination.

Abstract:The conservation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), including primary structure, spatial structure, transcriptional position, splicing mode and tissue distribution, is research focus of lncRNA research. In-depth studies of lncRNA conservation can be applied to the screening process of lncRNA in non-modal organisms, which lack adequate reference genome databases, greatly enhancing the integrity and accuracy of lncRNA databases of non-modal organisms. LncRNA screening tools or processes such as CPC and pipeline for lncRNA annotation from RNA-seq data (PLAR), which have been developed by length of open reading frame, distribution and frequency of codon, functional domain and other conservative information, are new strategies for the screening of lncRNA and construction of reference database of non-model organisms. In this review, we summarized the conservation of lncRNA and its application in screening lncRNA in non-model organisms, and briefly introduced PLAR, a new screening method using the conservation of lncRNA.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the factors affecting the success rate and cell survival rate of electroporation-mediated transfection of human primary fibroblasts by optimizing the electroporation parameters, so as to screen the optimal conditions for electroporation-mediated transfection of human primary fibroblasts. Methods Plasmid pEGFP-N1 containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was transfected into human primary fibroblasts with electroporation by changing the conditions such as pulse voltage, pulse number and plasmid concentration. Cell mortality rate was detected by trypan blue staining. Transfection efficiency was measured by flow cytometry at 24 h after transfection. Results The electroporation-mediated transfection effect of human primary fibroblasts was optimal under the following condition:low voltage mode, pulse voltage of 320 V, plasmid concentration of 20 μg/mL and single pulse, with the cell transfection efficiency being (42.53±0.63)% and the cell survival rate being (74.30±3.01)%. Conclusion The electroporation-mediated transfection efficiency of primary human fibroblasts can be improved by optimizing the transfection conditions, which might lay a foundation for subsequent function research of gene.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model,and ARIMA combined nonlinear autoregressive (ARIMA-NAR) model in predicting bacterial dysentery (BD) incidence. Methods Data of BD monthly incidences from Jan. 2004 to Feb. 2015 in Jiangsu Province were used as fitting samples, the 15-month data from Mar. 2015 to May 2016 were used in the prediction phase. ARIMA model and ARIMA-NAR model were established and the effects of two models were compared according to mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), in which lower values suggested higher prediction accuracy. Results In the fitting phase, the MAE, MSE and MAPE of the ARIMA model were 0.177 5, 0.081 4 and 0.184 7, respectively, while those of the ARIMA-NAR model were 0.094 1, 0.029 5 and 0.104 6, respectively. In the prediction phase, the MAE, MSE and MAPE of the ARIMA model were significantly higher than those of the ARIMA-NAR model. Conclusion ARIMA-NAR combined model is superior to ARIMA model in predicting the time series of BD incidence in Jiangsu Province, suggesting that ARIMA-NAR model can be used to predict the incidence of BD.

Abstract:Objective To design a new method for visual acuity test naming computerized tumbling E test, and to explore the application of computerized tumbling E test. Methods The feasibility of computerized tumbling E test was investigated by computer simulation experiment. Based on the simulation experiment, a total of 30 subjects ([26.1±4.7] years old, 18 males and 12 females) received binocular vision acuity examination by computerized tumbling E test with 40 trials or 80 trials and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart (random sequence), respectively. The accuracy of computerized tumbling E test was evaluated by comparing the consistency limit with standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. The correlation and difference between the two tests were evaluated by paired samples t test. Results There was no significant difference between the results of the computerized tumbling E test with 40 trials and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart,while the difference between the results of the 80 trials and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The consistency is good for adult visual test using the computerized tumbling E test with reasonable number of trials (40 trials) and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Compared with the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, computerized tumbling E test has advantages such as avoiding the problem of optotype memory and reducing the visual crowding effect, showing practical application value (P<0.05).

Abstract:Objective To explore the social anxiety status and its relationship with personality of soldiers stationed on island. Methods Totally 289 soldiers stationed on island were assessed by Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD) and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. Results The social avoidance (SA) score was significantly lower than that of Chinese university students (P<0.01), and the social distress (SD) score was significantly higher than that of submarine soldiers (P<0.05). There were significant differences in SAD scores among the soldiers with different lengths of military service (≤ 2 years, >2 years and ≤ 5 years, >5 years and ≤ 8 years, >8 years)(P<0.01), and the social anxiety status of soldiers with the lengths of military service of >2 years and ≤ 5 years was the most obvious. The scores of SA and SD were significantly correlated with four dimensions (psychoticism, introversive and extroversive tendency, neuroticism, and disguise) of EPQ (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Shaping outward and stable personality traits can help to improve social anxiety status of soldiers stationed on island.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the recurrence rate of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) treated with etanercept (ETN) combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and to explore its related risk factors. Methods A total of 125 patients with ax-SpA, who responded poorly to NSAIDs, were treated additionally with ETN (50 mg per week) for 12 weeks and simultaneously received original dosage of NSAIDs. We recorded the baseline data, including age, gender, disease duration and grading of sacroiliac joint X-ray, formation of syndesmophyte; and we analyzed the changes of the remission and recurrence conditions, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and adverse events in the follow-up from week 0 to week 48. Risk factors of relapse after ETN withdrawl in patients with ax-SpA were analyzed using binary logistic regression model and Cox regression model. Results Before treatment, 28 (22.4%) patients showed syndesmophyte formation and 58 (46.4%) had graded 3 X-ray sacroiliac joint classification. After continuous treatment with ETN for 12 weeks, 120(96.0%) patients achieved clinical remission, with BASDAI, BASFI, ESR and CRP decreasing significantly (P<0.05). Within 48 weeks of follow-up, 29 (23.2%) patients had relapse, and the maintenance of remission lasted for (36.8±12.3) weeks. Binary logistic regression model analysis showed that syndesmophyte formation was a risk factor of relapse (OR=70, P<0.001). Cox regression model analysis showed that the higher the grade of sacroiliac joints X-ray classification, the shorter the maintenance remission duration, and syndesmophyte formation might be a significant factor of relapse (OR=8.77, P=0.006). Conclusion Short-term and full-dose ETN combined with NSAIDs is effective for ax-SpA patients who responded poorly to NSAIDs. The damage of sacroiliac joints and formation of syndesmophyte are predictors of recurrence.

Abstract:Objective To prepare and characterize a thermo-sensitive liposomes co-loaded with IR-780 and doxorubicin (DOX). Methods Membrane hydration method and ammonium sulfate gradient method were used to prepare IR-780/DOX thermo-sensitive liposomes (DITSL). The particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity coefficient (PDI) of liposomes were measured by Malvern laser particle size analyzer, and the drug release characteristic of DITSL induced by laser was also detected. Results DITSL loading both IR-780 and DOX was successfully prepared. The encapsulation efficiency of IR-780 and DOX was (94.47±8.57)% and (92.52±7.61)%, respectively; the average particle size was (138.98±8.74) nm, with slight negative potential; the PDI was 0.32±0.02. The drug release rate of DITSL was about 80.1% after laser radiation (0.8 W/cm², 5 min) and the highest temperature of DITSL was 54.2℃. Conclusion The prepared DITSL has high drug encapsulation efficiency, appropriate particle size, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, good temperature sensitivity and laser-induced thermal drug release property, which lays a foundation study for the combination treatment of tumors with photo-thermal therapy and chemotherapy.

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