Abstract:Acute leukemia is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in patients younger than 35 years old. Three-year overall survival of middle-risk patients receiving conventional chemotherapy is only 30%-50%, although the stratified chemotherapy based on cell and molecular genetics has improved the overall survival in recent years. To further optimize the treatment, we used flow cytometry in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect the competing of leukemia stem cells with hemopoietic stem cell, which could diagnose the relapse of patients 2-3 months ahead of time, thus allowing early intervention and improving the survival rate. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we have designed a novel conditioning regimen, which balanced the graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effect and reduced transplant-related mortality. This is a new focus on acute leukemia treatment and a further extension of precision therapy in leukemia.

Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors of intravesical recurrence (IVR) of upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after surgery. Methods The medical records of 445 patients with complete follow-up data and undergoing UTUC surgery in our hospital from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2017 were collected in this study. The baseline demographics, surgical methods, postoperative pathology, follow-up data and other related information were analyzed. Risk factors of the IVR were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Results The median follow-up time was 33.5 months, and the IVR rate was 18.0% (80/445), of which 66.2% (53/80) occurred within one year after surgery. Univariate Cox analysis revealed that aged ≥ 65 years old (odds ratio[OR]=1.99, 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.22-3.22, P<0.01), with history of bladder cancer (OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.71-4.24, P<0.01), receiving nephron-sparing surgery (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.30-3.57, P<0.01), and cancer occurring in the lower segment of ureter (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.11-1.78, P<0.01) were significantly related to IVR of UTUC after surgery. These risk factors were also independent risk factors of IVR of UTUC after surgery in the multivariate Cox regression model. Conclusion Aged ≥ 65 years old, bladder cancer history, receiving nephron-sparing surgery and cancer occuring in lower segment of ureter are the independent risk factors of IVR of UTUC after surgery. The UTUC patients with these risk factors should be suggested to receive careful surveillance and regular cystoscopy examination.

Abstract:Objective To clarify the clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), so as to provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment of DON. Methods The general characteristics and data of thyroid function conditions, ophthalmologic and imaging examinations were retrospectively analyzed in 98 patients (196 eyes) with DON diagnosed from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2017 in our hospital. According to relevant references, the 196 eyes were diagnosed as having definite, equivocal, or no DON. All patients with equivocal or definite DON in at least one eye were recruited. Results Among 98 DON patients, 59 were male and 39 were female, and the ratio of male to female was 1.51:1. The average age of 98 patients was (52.51±10.25) years old, ranging from 34 to 74 years old. All patients had a history of smoking or passive smoking. Ninetysix patients had hyperthyrea. Of 98 patients, 80 had definite DON and 18 equivocal, with 122 eyes being definite, 56 being equivocal and 18 having no DON. The mean clinical activity score was (4.44±1.53) in all patients, of whom 30 cases scored ≤ 3. Of 178 definite and equivocal DON eyes, 142 eyes had best corrected visual acuity ≤ 0.6, 130 had reduced colour vision, 38 had optic disc oedema, 56 had optic disc pallor, and 84 had normal optic disc. Seventeen out of 18 eyes without DON had normal optic disc. The exophthalmos ≤ 21 mm was found in 38 definite DON eyes. Orbital imaging examination showed that all 80 definite DON patients had crowded orbital apex syndrome, with 67 cases (83.75%) having bilateral and 13 (16.25%) having unilateral one. Conclusion Older age, male, smoking and hyperthyrea are risk factors of DON. Crowded orbital apex syndrome is the most important pathological basis of DON. Impaired visual acuity, reduced colour vision and optic disc swelling are the most specific clinical features of DON.

Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive value of serum chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 112 COPD patients with acute exacerbation, who were initially diagnosed or did not receive standardized treatment in our hospital from Sep. 2015 to May 2016, were included in this study. According to serum level of IL-8, the patients were divided into high IL-8 group (≥ 62 pg/mL) and low IL-8 group (<62 pg/mL). The blood test results, serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and pulmonary function parameters were compared between the two groups. The interval time between beginning of follow-up and the first moderate to severe acute exacerbation and the times of acute exacerbation were recorded and compared between the two groups during one-year follow-up. Univariate analysis between serum IL-8 and variables was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. Cox regression was used to analyze the relative risk (RR) of acute exacerbation of the COPD patients in the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the proportion of the patients without acute exacerbation and hazard ratio (HR) during the follow-up in the two groups. Results The median levels of IL-8 were 170.00 (111.00, 472.00) pg/mL and 22.40 (7.90, 34.45) pg/mL in the high IL-8 group (n=47) and low IL-8 group (n=65), respectively. The proportion of allergic rhinitis cases and COPD assessment test (CAT) score were significantly higher in the high IL-8 group than those in the low IL-8 group (51.06%[24/47] vs 10.77%[7/65], P<0.01; 24.81±5.10 vs 19.38±4.27, P<0.01). The acute exacerbation times were significantly more in the high IL-8 group than those in the low IL-8 group (1.5[1.0, 2.5] vs 1.0[0.0, 1.5], P<0.01). Before inhaling bronchodilators, the high IL-8 group had significantly lower forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25%-75%), FEF25%-75% as percentage of predicted, forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75%) and FEF75% as percentage of predicted versus the low IL-8 group ([0.73±0.55] L/min vs[1.26±1.15] L/min,[23.89±16.64]% vs[35.21±26.88]%,[0.32±0.19] L/min vs[0.57±0.53] L/min, and[25.32±13.27]% vs[39.97±29.42]%, all P<0.05). The serum IL-8 level was significantly negatively correlated with diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide as percentage of predicted (DLCO%Pred; r=-0.402 1, P=0.001 8), and the DLCO%Pred was significantly lower in the high IL-8 group than that in the low IL-8 group ([51.52±26.41]% vs[72.98±18.70]%, P=0.029). The cumulative risk of acute exacerbation was significantly higher in high IL-8 group than that in the low IL-8 group, with RR being 3.75 (95% confidence interval[CI] 1.200-11.716, P=0.029). The median interval time to the first acute exacerbation was significantly shorter in the high IL-8 group than that in the low IL-8 group (HR=3.066, 95% CI 1.053-8.927, P=0.039). Conclusion Serum IL-8 can be used as a predictive biomarker for acute exacerbation of COPD patients, which may involve allergic constitution, small airway function deterioration, and decreased diffuse capacity among these patients.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) on central sensitivity and allodynia in rats with skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR)-induced persistent pain, so as to provide reference for elucidating the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of postoperative chronic pain. Methods A postoperative chronic pain rat model was induced by SMIR. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomized into sham group, 1, 5, 10, and 20 d after SMIR groups and SMIR+intrathecal injection of SDF-1 neutralizing antibody group, with six rats in each group. The mechanical allodynia was determined with up-down method, and the expressions of SDF-1 were detected by Western blotting after surgery. Furthermore, 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=6), SMIR group (n=6) and SMIR+anti-SDF-1 group (SDF-1 neutralizing antibody was given on the surface of the spinal cord, n=6). The long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked potentials in the rat spinal dorsal horn was detected in the three groups. Results The SDF-1 expressions were significantly increased on the 5, 10 and 20 days after SMIR versus the sham group (all P<0.05). The pain threshold of rats was significantly reduced after SMIR versus the sham group (P<0.01). Compared with the sham group, intrathecal injection of SDF-1 neutralizing antibody significantly suppressed the mechanical allodynia induced by SMIR (P<0.05). The LTP was significantly increased one hour after SMIR (P<0.01), and SDF-1 neutralizing antibody given on the surface of the spinal cord significantly inhibited the increased LTP induced by SMIR (P<0.01). Conclusion SDF-1 of the spinal dorsal horn is involved in SMIR-induced central sensitivity and allodynia in rats, but the specific mechanism is still unclear.

Abstract:Objective To explore the value of auricular point sticking in the treatment of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea induced by SOX (S-1 and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy in the patients with gastric cancer. Methods Totally 110 gastric cancer patients receiving SOX chemotherapy after radical gastrectomy were recruited and equally allocated into experiment group and control group, with 55 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups received auricular point sticking at different acupoints. The shenmen, stomach, sympathetic, subcortex, liver and spleen were selected for the experiment group, while the acupoints in the control group included the eye, lung, kidney, shoulder joint and knee point. Auricular point sticking therapy continued for 21 days in all patients, who pressed the auricular points 3 times a day for at least 3 min each time. American National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (Version 2.0) was applied to evaluate the severity of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Results Ninety-five patients finished the study with 49 in the experiment group and 46 in the control group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, smoking history, drinking history, invasion depth, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor stage or tumor maximum diameter between the two groups. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea was similar in the two groups. The patients had lower severity and shorter duration of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in the experiment group versus the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Auricular point sticking feasibly decreases the severity and duration of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea of gastric cancer patients receiving SOX chemotherapy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of the single cycle reconstruction algorithm in improving image quality of free-breathing 256-slice row coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with retrospectively electrocardiogramgated spiral acquisition mode. Methods Twenty-four patients whose CCTA images had motion artifact were recruited in this study between Jun.10 and Jul. 10, 2017. CCTA was examined with the retrospectively electrocardiogram-gated spiral scanning mode. All images were reconstructed using single cycle reconstruction (single cycle group) and multi-cycle reconstruction (multi-cycle group) methods. The two reconstruction algorithms used same phase for analyzing data. The mean CT value, image noise, signalto-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared between the two groups. T test was performed to analyze the objective indicators, and χ² test was performed to analyze the subjective indicators. Results Totally 350 segments of coronary were evaluated in this study. Diagnosis rate of coronary segment image quality with single cycle reconstruction was 98.3% (344/350), which was significantly higher versus 84.0% (294/350) with multi-cycle reconstruction (χ²=44.241, P<0.05). The image noise was significantly higher in the single cycle group than that in the multi-cycle group ([51.3±9.8] HU vs[40.7±6.0] HU, t=-4.647, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SNR between the two reconstruction algorithms (t=0.941, P=0.351). The CNRs were not significantly different in the ascending aortic root, left main coronary or proximal, middle, and distal right coronary between the two reconstructive algorithms (t=1.039, 0.610, 0.571, 0.438, and 0.396; P=0.304, 0.548, 0.574, 0.666, and 0.696). Conclusion Single cycle reconstruction technique can reduce motion artifact caused by unanticipated free-breathing or heart fluctuations in CCTA under the retrospectively electrocardiogram-gated spiral scanning mode and increase diagnosis confidence of doctors.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and incidence of children Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with HSP in our hospital between Jun. 2012 and Jul. 2014, and compared the results with Hunan province, plateau area of Tibet, and Wuhan city in China and Indonesia. Eighty-seven healthy children, who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period, were recruited as healthy control group. The immune functions were compared between the HSP patients (skin involvement, non-renal damage and renal damage) and healthy children. Results The ratio of male to female was 1.07:1 in the 91 HSP patients aged (8.3±2.4) years old. The age of >5 and ≤ 10 years old had the peak morbidity, and the morbidity time concentrated between October and December. The main cause of HSP was respiratory tract infection, and 34 cases (37.36%)had a history of respiratory tract infection within 2 weeks before onset. In clinical manifestations, 80 cases (88.89%) had rash and 12 (13.19%) had renal involvement at the first stage. During the whole course of disease, all 91 (100.00%) children suffered from rash, and 34 (37.36%) children had renal involvement. The incidence of renal involvement was significantly lower versus the incidence in Hunan province (χ²=19.194, P<0.01), and was significantly higher versus the incidence in plateau area of Tibet and Wuhan city (χ²=3.591, 12.319; both P<0.05). The incidence of renal involvement was significantly higher in the children aged > 10 and ≤ 15 years than that in the children aged > 5 and ≤ 10, and > 1 and ≤ 5 years (χ²=5.570, 4.077; both P<0.05). The mean onset time of accompanying symptoms was on about 7 days, and the latest symptom was abnormality of renal function, with an average of about 10 d. In immunologic function, the proportion of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in the HSP group than those in the healthy control group (t=8.460, 9.460; both P<0.01), while no significant differences were found between the skin, non-renal damage or renal damage groups. The levels of IgG, IgA and IgE were significantly higher in the HSP group than those in the healthy control group (t=7.841, 13.933, 6.870; all P<0.01). The levels of IgG and IgA were significantly higher in the renal damage group than those in the skin group (t=4.941, 5.111; both P<0.01). Conclusion Occult infection should be emphasized in the incidence of HSP. Renal involvement is always imperceptible, and long time dynamic monitoring of urine routine is very important at early stage of HSP. The imbalance of immunologic function plays an important role in the HSP, especially in the reducing ratio of CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, but has no correlation with the severity of the disease.

Abstract:Objective To simulate, predict and analyze the total number, spatial and temporal distribution, and proportion and composition distribution of combat casualties. Methods System dynamics was used to construct an combat process simulation and casualty prediction model. Agent-based modeling was used to import macro casualty data from the prediction model, split the casualty data and assign the combat injury information in a specific proportion. Results The casualty prediction model based on system dynamics could integrate with specific operational mission and analyze the combat influencing factors, weapon destruction performance, and level of protection in both Red and Blue sides. The casual-effect loop and the stock-flow model were constructed on combat process. The degree of damage to the target of the two sides in the battle was transformed to casualty data. We extracted the macro casualty data from the combat casualty prediction model. Through constructing the corresponding relationship between the destruction degree of operational objectives and war wound information of all kinds, we assigned and simulated the traumatic condition of each individual casualty and completed the conversion from casualty to wounded flow. Conclusion Constructed casualty prediction model based on system dynamics and the casualty generating model based on agent can scientifically calculate the spatial, temporal distribution and proportion and composition of casualties.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression level of let-7d in osteosarcoma tissues, and to explore the effects of let-7d and its target gene on proliferation, migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS cells. Methods Tumor and adjacent tumor tissues of 25 patients with osteosarcoma undergoing exairesis in our department were collected from 2010 to 2015. The distance from adjacent tumor tissues to tumor margin was greater than 5 cm. The expressions of let-7d were detected by qPCR in the tumor and adjacent tumor tissues. A U2OS cell model stably overexpressing let-7d was constructed, and the expression of let-7d was confirmed by qPCR. The U2OS cells transfected with pCDH empty virus vector were used as control cells. CCK-8 assay, scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to determine the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cell after transfection, respectively. A downstream target gene of let-7d was identified based on microRNA target gene prediction software and luciferase activity assay, and the expression of the target gene was detected in U2OS cells overexpressing let-7d. Effects of the target gene on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed by small interfering RNA technology. Results The expression level of let-7d was significantly lower in the osteosarcoma tissues than that in the adjacent tumor tissues (P<0.01). The expression level of let-7d was significantly lower in U2OS cells compared with human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 cells (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, overexpression of let-7d significantly reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of U2OS cells (all P<0.05). MicroRNA target gene prediction software and luciferase activity assay showed that Rhotekin (RTKN) gene was a direct target gene of let-7d. Compared with the control group, overexpression of let-7d significantly reduced mRNA expression level of RTKN in the U2OS cells (P<0.01). Down-regulation of RTKN significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of U2OS cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion Let-7d inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by targeting RTKN, which indicates let-7d may be a novel candidate biological therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Abstract:Objective To explore the mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy between psychological quality and depression in graduate students of military medical college. Methods A cluster sampling survey was conducted among 485 military medical college graduate students using psychological quality questionnaire for medical master (PQQMM), regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RESES) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results Total score of psychological quality and scores of 3 dimensions, including cognition, adaptability and personality, were significantly positively correlated with the score of expressing positive emotional self-efficacy (r=0.74, 0.57, 0.41, and 0.67; all P<0.01) and managing negative emotional self-efficacy (r=0.78, 0.65, 0.37, and 0.64; all P<0.01). The scores of psychological quality and regulatory emotional self-efficacy were significantly negatively correlated with depression (psychological quality and 3 dimensions:r=-0.78, -0.54, -0.50, and -0.62, all P<0.01; expressing positive emotional self-efficacy:r=-0.60, P<0.01; and managing negative emotional self-efficacy:r=-0.65, P<0.01). The military medical college graduate students having high regulatory emotional self-efficacy level had significantly higher score of psychological quality and significantly lower score of depression compared with the students having low regulatory emotional self-efficacy level (t=14.71, -9.43; both P<0.01). Expressing positive emotional selfefficacy had partial mediating effect between 3 dimensions of psychological quality and depression, and the proportions of total effect were 22.38%, 6.25% and 24.75%. Managing negative emotional self-efficacy had partial mediating effect between 3 dimensions of psychological quality and depression, and the proportions of total effect were 24.80%, 13.50% and 24.54%. Conclusion Regulatory emotional self-efficacy has partial mediating effect between psychological quality and depression in military medical college graduate students.

Abstract:Pancreatic cysts have many histological subtypes. With development of imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, detection rate of pancreatic cysts has been increasing. And standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cysts remains a clinical challenge. Due to insufficient understanding of imaging features and tumor markers of pancreatic cysts, a reasonable procedure of diagnosis and treatment has not been published so far. Several guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cysts with high impact have been published, including international consensus guidelines, European experts consensus statement and American Gastroenterological Association guidelines. This review focused on the diagnosis and treatment strategies and suggestions proposed by the above guidelines, and application of endoscopic ultrasonography, so as to provid references for treatment of pancreatic cysts.

Abstract:Liver fibrosis is a key pathological process in a variety of chronic liver diseases, and it may progress to liver cirrhosis, even liver cancer if not inhibited or reversed. The activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is a key in the process of hepatic fibrosis, and it is related to lipid metabolism. Metabolism change of many kinds of lipids in liver regulates the metabolic microenvironment by affecting cellular energy metabolism, and extracellular matrix synthesis, etc., thereby promoting the activation of HSC and liver fibrosis. This article reviewed the pathways (lipid metabolism, sterol metabolism and phospholipid metabolism), by which metabolism change of lipids in liver activates HSC, and the relationship between lipid metabolism change and liver fibrosis, providing a new perspective for preventing and reversing liver fibrosis through the signal pathway of lipid metabolism.

Abstract:Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic vasculitis that mainly characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis and skin lesions. The pathogenesis of BD is still unknown. BD is considered to be an autoimmune disease triggered by infection or environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Helper T cell 17 (Th17) play an important role in the pathogenesis of BD. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) inhibits Th17 differentiation, thereby inhibiting the inflammation induced by Th17 and interleukin 17. Genomic studies suggest that IRF8-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are risk loci of BD. In recent years, role of IRF8 inhibiting Th17 differentiation in the pathogenesis of BD has become a research focus.

Abstract:Objective To explore the significance of functional training of core muscles for preventing low back pain and improving core muscle function in recruits. Methods Healthy male recruits were enrolled from a naval training base and were randomly assigned to core muscle training group and conventional lumbar muscle training group. The recruits in the two groups received functional training of core muscles and routine training of lumbar and abdominal muscles for 12 weeks, respectively. The training procedure was 3-5 times a week and increased with training cycle, with 3 sets of actions being completed every time for 30 min. On the 4^th, 8^th and 12^th weeks, rehabilitation physicians came into the base and investigated the incidence of low back pain of the recruits. Two fixed physicians carried out waist core muscle stability bridge test and waist and back core muscle endurance test on the 1^st and 12^th weeks. Results Totally 588 recruits were enrolled, including 295 recruits in the core muscle training group and 293 in the conventional lumbar muscle training group. The incidence of low back pain on the 12^th week was significantly lower in the core muscle training group than that in the conventional lumbar muscle training group (1.13%[3/266] vs 6.07%[15/247], P=0.002). On the 12^th week, the bridge and endurance of lumbar muscles were significantly increased versus those on the 1^st week in the two groups, but the growth rate of the core muscle training group was significantly greater than that of the conventional lumbar muscle training group (all P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with traditional lumbar muscle training, functional training of core muscles more effectively prevents low back pain, enhances the lumbar and abdominal core muscle to maintain spinal stability, and improves back muscle endurance.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical value of high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (HR-T₂WI), readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RS-EPI) and HR-T₂WI plus RS-EPI in differentiating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods A prospective study was conducted on 95 patients with bladder cancer identified by cystoscope biopsy, who underwent surgery treatment in our hospital from Jun. 2016 to Dec. 2017. All 95 patients had clear pathological staging, and received HR-T₂WI and RS-EPI examination. NMIBC and MIBC were differentiated using HR-T₂WI, RS-EPI and HR-T₂WI plus RS-EPI, and the diagnosis results were compared with the pathological results using Kappa test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the area under curve (AUC) of ROC was calculated to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of HR-T₂WI, RS-EPI and HR-T₂WI plus RSEPI. DeLong test was used to compare the AUC of three methods. Results The diagnostic results of HR-T₂WI, RS-EPI and HRT₂WI plus RS-EPI had good agreement with the pathological results (Kappa=0.770, 0.787 and 0.936; all P<0.01). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HR-T₂WI, RS-EPI and HR-T₂WI plus RS-EPI were 0.899, 95.5% (42/44), 82.4% (42/51) and 88.4% (84/95), 0.891, 84.1% (37/44), 94.1% (48/51) and 89.5% (85/95), and 0.966, 93.2% (41/44), 100.0% (51/51) and 96.8% (92/95), respectively. The AUC of HR-T₂WI+RS-EPI was higher than that of HR-T₂WI and RS-EPI (Z=-2.627 8 and -2.720 5, P=0.008 6 and 0.006 5). Conclusion HR-T₂WI plus RS-EPI can be used as a preoperative non-invasive examination method to differentiate NMIBC and MIBC.

Abstract:Objective To explore the anti-oxidation stress effect of hydrogen-rich water (HW) on thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods The orbital fibroblasts were derived from orbital adipose connective tissue of TAO patients and cultured in vitro. The cells were treated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for 18 h, and the proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 method to determine the appropriate H₂O₂ concentration. The cells were divided into four groups:blank group (normal culture), H₂O₂ group (treating cells with H₂O₂ for 18 h), HW+H₂O₂ group (culturing cells using culture media containing HW for 72 h in combination with H₂O₂ for 18 h), dexamethasone+ H₂O₂ group (treating cells using dexamethasone 1 μmol/L for 72 h in combination with H₂O₂ for 18 h). After culturing for 72 h in each group, the fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected by ELISA. Results We successfully cultured orbital fibroblasts derived from orbital adipose connective tissues of TAO patients. The higher concentration of H₂O₂, the greater inhibition effect on the proliferation ability of the orbital fibroblasts from TAO patients, and we finally chose 100 μmol/L H₂O₂. After 72 h of cell culture, the contents of MDA, SOD, and GSHPx and the fluorescence intensity of ROS were (1.63±0.29), (5.06±0.24), (3.94±0.29), and (2.34±0.24) nmol/mL, (10.51±0.32), (2.41±0.23), (5.58±0.29), and (7.98±0.15) U/mL, (107.79±1.06), (21.07±0.92), (49.19±6.75), and (76.33±4.70) U/mL and 18 275.82±521.05, 92 524.81±2 097.01, 54 460.87±572.64, and 35 961.37±540.61 in the blank, H₂O₂, HW+ H₂O₂ and dexamethasone+H₂O₂ groups, respectively. Statistic analysis results showed that both HW and dexamethasone could significantly inhibit oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ in orbital fibroblasts (all P<0.01), and the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone were significantly more obvious than those of HW (all P<0.01). Conclusion HW may be a treatment option for TAO through anti-oxidant stress.

Abstract:Objective To explore whether attentional bias plays an important role in the development and maintenance of anxiety by eye tracking technology. Methods A total of 80 students preparing for College English Test 6 participated in current study. The emotional Stroop paradigm and eye movement tracking were used to compared the difference of attentional bias for emotional information between high test anxiety individuals (test anxiety scale score ≥ 15) and low test anxiety individuals (test anxiety scale score<15). Results In the emotional Stroop task, the reaction time of the negative block was significantly longer than that of the positive block in the high test anxiety individuals (t=2.184, P=0.035), while there was no significant difference between the two emotion blocks in the low test anxiety individuals (t=-0.161, P=0.875). In eye movement tracking experiment, the first fixation duration (t=2.117, P=0.041) and total duration (t=2.254, P=0.027) of the negative block were significantly longer in the high test anxiety individuals than those in the low test anxiety individuals. The total duration of the positive block was significantly longer in the low test anxiety individuals than that in the high test anxiety individuals (t=2.226, P=0.029). Conclusion High test anxiety individuals show attentional bias towards negative information, suggesting that attentional bias has an effect on the development and maintenance of anxiety.

Abstract:Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pregnancy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of 21 pregnant SLE patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. 2010 to Jun. 2017. Results Of 21 patients, 2 were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 9 out of 19 patients diagnosed before pregnancy were deteriorated and changed to active phase. Among the 21 patients, 13 cases (61.90%) received regular pregnancy examination, 17 cases (80.95%) gave birth, and 4 cases (19.05%) had induced labour. There were 6 cases (28.57%) having preeclampsia, 6 cases (28.57%) having premature birth, 5 cases (23.81%) having fetal intrauterine growth restriction, and 6 cases (28.57%) having fetal distress in uterus. Conclusion SLE patients have considerable risk of pregnancy, and pregnancy can induce SLE or aggravate the condition. SLE may cause serious maternal complications. Only at a stable condition can SLE patients start a pregnancy, and finish their pregnancy and puerperium under the joint monitoring of obstetricians and rheumatologists.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate of the effect and safety of wearing orthokeratology contact lens or frame glasses for controlling myopia in children. Methods The clinical data from myopia children, who wore orthokeratology contact lens or frame glasses to control myopia, were analyzed retrospectively. Of 219 children (396 eyes), 145 children (277 eyes) wore orthokeratology contact lens, and 74 (119) frame glasses. The changes of diopter, axial length and corneal endothelial cells were observed and compared one year after treatment in the two groups. Results After wearing one year, the diopter and the variation of diopter were significantly less in the children wearing orthokeratology contact lens than those in the children wearing frame glasses ([-3.03±0.89] DS vs[-3.83±1.25] DS,[-0.84±0.90] DS vs[-1.83±0.71] DS; both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the axial length between the children wearing orthokeratology contact lens and frame glasses. While the extension of axial length was significantly less in the children wearing orthokeratology contact lens than that in the children wearing frame glasses ([0.14±0.15] mm vs[0.40±0.17] mm, P<0.05). No significant differences in the area or density of corneal endothelial cells were found between the children wearing orthokeratology contact lens and frame glasses. Conclusion Wearing orthokeratology contact lens can effectively control myopia in children within one year, and it had no adverse effects on corneal function.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of optimal timing of internal fixation on postoperative complications of multiple rib fractures. Methods A total of 31 cases of multiple rib fractures receiving internal fixation in our hospital from Mar. 2014 to Jul. 2016 were included in this study. According to the time from injury to internal fixation, the patients were divided into early operation group (≤ 72 h, n=17) and routine operation group (>72 h, n=14). The clinical data of the patients were compared between the two groups, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), number of fractured ribs, incidence of comorbidity, incidence of postoperative complications and pain improvement rate. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, number of fractured ribs, or incidence of comorbidity between the two groups (all P>0.05). The time from injury to internal fixation was significantly less in the early operation group than that in the routine operation group ([2.2±1.5] d vs[7.4±2.8] d, P<0.01). The ventilator-assisted ventilation time was significantly shorter in the early operation group than that in the routine operation group ([8.9±3.7] h vs[13.6±5.2] h, P=0.006). The incidence of pulmonary infection and postoperative atelectasis was significantly lower in the early operation group than that in the routine operation group (5.9%[1/17] vs 42.9%[6/14], P=0.028; 0.0% (0/17) vs 28.6%[4/14], P=0.032). The improvement of postoperative pain was 94.1%[16/17] and 78.6%[11/14] in the early and routine operation groups, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Early internal fixation surgery (≤ 72 h) may contribute to reducing incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection and atelectasis of the patients with multiple rib fracture.

Abstract:Objective To study the in situ intestinal absorption characteristics of cyclovirobuxine D (CB) hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (CBHD) in rats, and to explore the effect of cytochrome P450 inhibitor ketoconazole (KET) on CB and CBHD in situ intestinal absorption. Methods Twenty-four male rats were randomized into CB, CBHD, KET+CB and KET+CBHD groups, with 6 rats in each group. In situ intestinal absorption was adopted in a rat model. One-way intestinal perfusion model was employed to investigate the absorption of CB and CBHD in the intestinal segments of rats and the effects of KET on CB and CBHD absorption. The concentration of CB was determined by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD; Lichrospher C₁₈ column[250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm]). The mobile phase was methanol-water with volume ratio being 85︰15. The excitation wavelength was set at 231 nm, and emission wavelength was set at 385 nm. The column temperature was 25℃, and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 μL. Results The specificity of HPLC/FLD method was good and the standard curve equation was A=106.7 C+41.861 (R²=0.999 08) based on the linear regression of CB concentration (C) with CB peak area (A), indicating that the CB mass concentration was linear in the range of 0.5 to 20.0 μg/mL. The intra-day precision of the 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μg/mL samples was 2.25%, 2.44% and 3.04%, and the inter-day precision was 4.22%, 2.00% and 2.50%, respectively. The precision was good and the method was in accordance with the requirements of methodology. The recovery rates of the 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μg/mL samples were 99.08%, 98.24% and 97.25%, respectively, which were also in accordance with the requirements of methodology. The intestinal absorption rate constant (Ka) values of CBHD with KET were 4.18, 5.05, 1.91 and 2.85 times those of CB, and the effective permeability (P_eff) values were 4.92, 5.98, 2.19 and 3.24 times those of CB in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion KET can improve the intestinal absorption of CB and CBHD in rats.

Abstract:Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on high fat-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Methods Totally 36 male SD rats were randomized into normal control group (n=8) and disease model group (n=28). The rats in the disease model group were fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks to establish rat model of NAFLD. Twenty-five of 28 NAFLD model rats were randomized into NAFLD model group (n=7), simvastatin group (n=9, intragastric administration of simvastatin[6.7 mg·kg^-1·d^-1]) and APS group (n=9, intragastric administration of APS[700 mg·kg^-1·d^-1]). The rats in the normal control group and the NAFLD model group were intragastrically given the same volume of double distilled water. The rats in each group were continuously fed for 8 weeks. The dietary intake, energy intake, drinking water, excretion and serum biochemical parameters were compared between the four groups. Liver tissues were collected to calculate the liver index and measure the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). The liver tissue structure and cell morphology were observed under the optical microscope. Results The energy intake of rats in the NAFLD model group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05), and the dietary intake, drinking water and excretion were significantly lower than those in the normal control group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in dietary intake, energy intake, drinking water or excretion between the simvastatin, APS and NAFLD model groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the NAFLD model group, serum levels of TC, TG, lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased, and the level of high-density lipoproteincholesterol and the activity of total superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in the APS and simvastatin groups (all P<0.05). The contents of TC and TG in liver tissues, and the number and area of lipid droplets in hepatocytes were significantly decreased in the APS and simvastatin groups versus the NAFLD model group (all P<0.05). The serum levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly lower in the APS group than those in the NAFLD model group (all P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between the NAFLD model group and the simvastatin group (all P>0.05). Conclusion APS can effectively regulate the levels of serum glucose, blood lipids and hepatic lipid droplets in NAFLD rats, which may be related to the antioxidant effect of APS.

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