Abstract:Sleep disorders are common in soldiers, and have always been valued by the military of all countries. There are various reasons for sleep disorders in soldiers, which are related to military activities, physical factors, and military culture. Sleep disorders in soldiers affect their physical fitness, cognitive function, and combat capability. At present, the soldiers’ sleep problems have been studied. With the deepening of research, some methods for treating military sleep have been proposed. Under the condition of insufficient sleep, the main intervention methods to maintain the combat capability of soldiers include naps, sleep reserves, stimulants or drug intervention. The military of some countries has established rules and regulations to maintain the sleep health of soldiers, inculding preventive measures, medical services, initial training and military activities. Chinese troops should also strengthen the research on military sleep and standardize the sleep behavior of soldiers, so as to better cope with the challenges of future war.

Abstract:Objective To establish a method for preparing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pseudoparticles (SARS-CoV-2 pps). Methods The optimized sequence of spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 was designed, synthesized and used to construct the mammalian cell expression plasmid. The resultant plasmid was used to transfect 293T cells, and the expressed S protein was detected using immunofluorescence. The S expression plasmid was further used to transfect 293T cells together with lentiviral genome backbone based pseudoparticles package plasmids containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene. The supernatant of 293T cells was collected and used to infect Vero E6 cells and Huh7 cells. The intracellular expression of EGFP was observed. The confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pps was used to infect Vero E6 cells, and then we observed the effects of membrane fusion inhibitors chloroquine and arbidol hydrochloride, monoclonal antibodies to S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 and convalescent sera of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 on the pseudoparticles infection. Results The 293T cells transfected with SARS-CoV-2 S plasmid could react with monoclonal antibodies to S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 and convalescent sera. SARS-CoV-2 S plasmid and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pseudoparticles package plasmid were used to transfect 293T cells together, adding the supernatant to Vero E6 and Huh 7 cells, the intracellular expression of EGFP was observed at 36 h and 72 h, respectively. Compared with Vero E6 cells, there were more EGFP-positive cells for Huh7 cells. Two membrane fusion inhibitors, one human monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and two convalescence sera could effectively inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pps of Vero E6 cells. Conclusion We have established a method for preparing SARS-CoV-2 pps, which can be used for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug screening and vaccine evaluation.

Abstract:Objective To isolate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from nasal/throat swabs of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. Methods Three nasal/throat swab samples from COVID-19 patients in Shanghai were treated with TPCK trypsin and were used to treat Vero E6 cells inoculated in 96-well plates. When most of the cells showed obvious cytopathy, the cell culture supernatants were collected. We then detected the viral nucleic acid by fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and amplified the gene fragment of the virus receptor binding domain (RBD) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After amplification and culture, the virus was used to infect the Vero E6 cells inoculated in 96-well plates. The cytopathy was observed and the virus protein was detected by immunofluorescence. Results The Vero E6 cells that cultured with two of three nasal/pharyngeal swab samples showed obvious cytopathic effect and newly synthesized viral nucleic acid was detected in the supernatants of the cell culture. The amplified RBD sequence was completely consistent with the corresponding fragment of SARS-CoV-2 isolated earlier. Virusinfected Vero E6 cells showed cytopathies rapidly and could react with the monoclonal antibody against nucleocapsid protein (N protein) and spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, and convalescence sera of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Two SARS-CoV-2 strains were successfully isolated from two nasal/throat swab samples of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai, which provides evidence for the mechanism research on the infection and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relevant risk factors that affect the early treatment effect of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 71 severe COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei from Jan. to Feb. 2020 with positive in nucleic acid test of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early vital signs, clinical manifestations, resting oxygen saturation, blood routine, liver function, blood biochemistry, electrolyte, high-sensitivity troponin, coagulation function, pro-brain natriuretic peptide, lung CT manifestations and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) at admission, as well as treatment regimens and early treatment outcomes were collected. According to the treatment effect after 2 weeks, the patients were divided into clinical remission group and clinical deterioration group. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors affecting the early treatment effect were analyzed. Results Forty-three patients in the clinical remission group turned into non-severe cases after treatment. Among the 28 patients in the clinical deterioration group, 10 died, 15 had disease progression to critically ill status, and three had no significant improvement after treatment. The patients in both groups had a history of staying in Wuhan before the onset of the disease. The proportion of smokers in the clinical deterioration group was significantly higher than that in the clinical remission group (75.0% [21/28] vs 46.5% [20/43], P=0.033). Compared with the patients in the clinical remission group, the patients in the clinical deterioration group were more likely to have different degrees of reductions in lymphocyte counts (0.80 [0.70, 0.90]×10⁹/L vs 0.70 [0.60, 0.70]×10⁹/L), platelet counts (222 [174, 310]×10⁹/L vs 193 [152, 232]×10⁹/L) and fibrinogen level (4.22 [3.71, 4.80] g/L vs 3.81 [2.96, 4.38] g/L) (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in common clinical symptoms, vital signs, resting oxygen saturation, other laboratory indicators, SOFA score, or treatment regimens between the two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking (odds ratio [OR]=4.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-25.00, P=0.020), white blood cell (WBC) count ≤3.5×10⁹/L (OR=10.00, 95% CI 1.47-100.00, P=0.008), and lymphocyte count <0.1×10⁹/L (OR=16.67, 95% CI 3.33-100.00, P<0.001), were the independent risk factors affecting the early treatment effect of severe COVID-19 patients. Conclusion The severe COVID-19 patients with smoking history, WBC count ≤3.5×10⁹/L or lymphocyte count<0.1×10⁹/L have a higher risk of poor early treatment, and more attention should be paid in clinical diagnosis and treatment of these patients to improve the prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore the methods and experiences of early identification and diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods The epidemiological characteristics, symptoms, signs, laboratory and imaging findings of 6 confirmed COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Department of Infection Diseases, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) up to Feb. 12, 2020, were summarized. Results Among the 6 confirmed patients, 5 were males and one was female. There were two young patients, aged 28 and 29 years, and four elderly patients, aged 45, 62, 71 and 75 years, with anaverage age of 63.2 years. All the 6 patients had a clear epidemiological contact history before the onset of the disease, and 2 of them were family clustering cases. Clinical classification of all the 6 patients was ordinary type with fever and respiratory symptoms as the main manifestations. All patients were tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangpu District, Shanghai. Laboratory tests showed the normal leukocyte count in 5 patients and a slightly decreased level in one patient. Decreased leukomonocyte count was found in 3 patients and the other 3 cases were within the normal range. There were no other respiratory pathogens except SARS-CoV-2. The CT scan showed the manifestations of typical viral pneumonia in all patients with ground-glass opacity or bilateral patchy shadow. Conclusion COVID-19 is highly infectious and all populations are susceptible to it. Early identification and isolation of the sources of infection are important to prevent the spread of the virus. The epidemiological history is very important for diagnosis, and CT scan combined with viral PCR nucleic acid test is an effective diagnostic method.

Abstract:Objective To introduce the independent outpatient unit mode and explore its role in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The independent outpatient unit mode of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) was started on Jan. 31, 2020 (after the Spring Festival holiday). A total of 5 377 outpatients of this department from Jan. 13, 2020 to Jan. 23, 2020 (10 working days before the Spring Festival holiday) and 702 patients from Jan. 31, 2020 to Feb. 12, 2020 (10 working days after the Spring Festival holiday) were respectively selected. There were 10 doctors and nurses who worked both before and after the operation of independent outpatient unit in our Department. Medical indicators such as the number of outpatients and the number of patients who had a COVID-19 epidemic history, infection control indicators such as spatial density of patients and protection and control of medical staff, and the psychological status of medical staff such as anxiety were compared before and after the operation of the independent outpatient unit. Results The number of outpatients in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine was 5 377 before the operation of the independent outpatient unit (10 days before the Spring Festival holiday), which was 15.31% higher than that in the same period of 2019 (4 663). The number of outpatients in the 10 days after the Spring Festival holiday was 702, 86.94% lower than that before the Spring Festival, and 83.43% lower than that in the same period of 2019 (4 236). The number of patients with COVID-19 epidemic history before and after the operation of independent outpatient unit was 25 and 0, respectively (χ²=2.26, P>0.05). The waiting time of outpatients decreased from (178.33±36.24) min before operation to (8.50±3.59) min after operation (t=10.18, P<0.01). The total proportion of acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute bronchitis was 46.61% (2 506/5 377) and 34.90% (245/702), respectively (χ²=34.9, P<0.01). The proportion of cough with unknown reason was 2.42% (17/702), which was significantly lower than the former (5.41% ［291/5 377］) (χ²=11.54, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute attack of asthma before and after the operation of independent outpatient unit (both P>0.05). The proportion of prescribing medicine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma was 29.34% (206/702), which was significantly higher than the former (15.23% ［819/5 377］) (χ²=88.23, P<0.01). The density of patients in the diagnosis and treatment area decreased from (1.85±0.35)/m² to (0.31±0.08)/m² (t=10.52, P<0.01). There were 7, 7, 5 and 10, 10, 10 medical staff who followed the standard of hand hygiene and wearing mask and work cap before and after the operation of the independent outpatient unit respectively (all P>0.05). The anxiety score of medical staff decreased from (38.33±2.79) before the operation of independent outpatient unit to (33.61±2.38) (t=4.97, P<0.01). The satisfaction of the medical staff with the protective measures increased after the operation of the independent outpatient unit than before (9 vs 4), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=20.00, P=0.03). Conclusion The independent outpatient unit mode of the department of respiratory and critical care medicine is a feasible and optimized mode of outpatient service during the outbreak of COVID-19. It could meet the needs of outpatients, shorten the waiting time, and improve the occupational protection of medical staff. It is also helpful to reduce cross infection and improve the level of prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of infection control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitals of different levels, providing strategies and suggestions for occupational infection prevention. Methods The frontline health workers of hospitals of different levels were selected to finish the questionnaire survey by WeChat from Mar. 2 to 9, 2020. The questionnaire was designed with “questionnaire star”, including the basic information of health workers, the protection knowledge, the working environment against the epidemic, the management of medical protective products and the implementation of protective measures. Results A total of 966 valid questionnaires were collected and filled out by the health workers of nine tertiary hospitals and 42 community health service centers (CHSCs) in 15 districts of Shanghai. The training rate of COVID-19 epidemic protective knowledge in CHSCs was higher than that in tertiary hospitals (90.45% [644/712] vs 79.53% [202/254]), the difference was statistically significant (χ²=20.528, P=0.001). CHSCs had better COVID-19-related knowledges of identifying the corresponding categories of patients (χ²=27.108, P=0.009), hand disinfection, wearing and taking off protective clothing (χ²=22.666, P=0.001), and correctly managing medical waste (χ²=74.251, P=0.001). During the implementation of COVID-19 protective measures, the proportion of the CHSCs that could change disposable protective clothing strictly according to needs and protection intensity was significantly higher than that in tertiary hospitals (31.74% [226/712]) vs 25.20% [64/254]) (χ²=33.229, P=0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the correct implementation of patient specimen collection, the frequency of changing protective mask, and working hours in hospital every week during the epidemic (all P>0.05). Conclusion CHSCs play an important role in the prevention of the COVID-19 epidemic. There are differences in some measures of epidemic prevention between CHSCs and tertiary hospitals. It is necessary to further improve the measures to reduce the risk of COVID-19 occupational infection in the medical institutions.

Abstract:Objective To explore the rule of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, providing guidance for clinical practice. Methods The information and syndrome of 756 cases with COVID-19 in Guanggu Branch of Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Hubei Province were collected by cross sectional survey, the TCM syndrome differentiation was given by TCM experts, the syndrome characteristics were analyzed, and the relationships between syndromes and gender, age, course and severity of disease were analyzed. Results Among the 756 cases, 101 cases (13.4%) were diagnosed as cold-dampness accumulating lung syndrome, 239 cases (31.6%) were diagnosed as dampness-heat obstructing lung syndrome, 18 cases (2.4%) were diagnosed as epidemic toxin blocking lung syndrome, 195 cases (25.8%) were diagnosed as deficiency of lung and spleen Qi, 203 cases (26.9%) were diagnosed as deficiency of both Qi and Yin. The order of the median course of the TCM syndromes was: cold-dampness accumulating lung syndrome (21 d) < dampness-heat obstructing lung syndrome (22 d) < epidemic toxin blocking lung syndrome (27 d) < both lung and spleen Qi deficiency syndrome (33 d) < both Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome (36 d). There was no significant difference in syndrome distribution among different genders (P>0.05). The distribution of dampness-heat obstructing lung syndrome in patients over 65 years old was significantly lower than that in patients aged 65 and under (22.4%［69/308］ vs 37.9%［170/448］), while the syndrome of deficiency of lung and spleen Qi (30.2%［93/308］ vs 22.8%［102/448］) and the syndrome of both Qi and Yin deficiency (34.1% ［105/308］ vs 21.9%［98/448］) were just the opposite. The distribution of the syndromes was correlated with the severity and the course of COVID-19 (P=0.01, P<0.01). The syndrome of cold-dampness accumulating lung was relatively common in the general cases (14.1%［86/612］), while the syndrome of epidemic toxin blocking lung was more common in the severe and critical cases (6.2%［9/144］). The syndrome of cold-dampness accumulating lung was most common in the early stage (26.2%［28/107］) of COVID-19. Dampness-heat obstructing lung syndrome was common in both the early (43.9%［47/107］) and the middle stages (42.0%［116/276］). The syndrome of both lung and spleen Qi deficiency and the syndrome of both Qi and Yin deficiency were more common in the middle (21.7%［60/276］, 18.1%［50/276］) and late stages (31.1%［116/373］, 38.1%［142/373］). Conclusion The syndromes of COVID-19 are mostly hot and excessive in its early stage and getting into deficiency with the progress of the disease. And the syndromes are closely related to the age, severity and course of COVID-19 patients.

Abstract:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Dec. 2019. In Mar. 11, 2020 (local time), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Preventing the healthcare-associated infection of COVID-19 is one of the key steps for controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission and eliminating the pandemic. We analyzed the current challenges and problems in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection of COVID-19, and proposed corresponding and targeted medical countermeasures for the prevention and control of COVID-19 can from the aspects of personnel, hardware and process management, which may contribute to better dealing with the pandemic challenge of COVID-19, protecting medical staff from occupational injuries and getting the pandemic under control.

Abstract:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has become a pandemic. Although the current epidemic has been effectively contained in China, the prevention and control are still facing great pressure. As a potential source of infection, healthy carriers and latent carriers play important roles in the spread of the epidemic. Some issues are of great significance for the prevention and control of the current epidemic situation, including high-quality epidemiological investigations, detection of viral nucleic acids in specific populations, and small-scale screening in locations where COVID-19 cases occur more frequently, as well as strengthening the horizontal communication among the different clustered epidemic investigations. Clear understanding of the spectrum of infection, infection period, carriers in recovery period, nosocomial infection and the length of incubation period of COVID-19 can help to take targeted measures in the future prevention and control work of this epidemic.

Abstract:Due to the high infection and occult onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the procedure and management of nuclear medicine imaging examination during COVID-19 epidemic period should be arranged according to the infection risk of the patients to improve the prevention and control management. According to the clinical manifestations and epidemiological history of the patients, the infection risk was stratified, and the corresponding prevention and control suggestions were put forward according to the characteristics of nuclear medical imaging. It is crucial to distinguish patients in the incubation period and the susceptible virus carriers before the examination. The patients should be divided into regular group, potential risk group, high risk group and suspected group, and then examinations should be given to patients with infection risk from low to high, during which the medical workers should adopt corresponding personal protection, with the environment and equipment properly disinfected afterward. The corresponding arrangement and prevention and control management based on the infection risk of patients can help to avoid cross infection of patients, ensure the safety of medical workers and meet the clinical needs.

Abstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has run rampant across the world, with a rapid transmission rate and a high infection rate. With the advantages of portability, easy sterilization, and multiple diagnostic mode, ultrasound can dynamically guide the diagnosis of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, monitor patients’ medical conditions, and facilitate the treatment evaluation for the adjustment of therapeutic decision-making. Moreover, ultrasonic remote consultation can be carried out by intelligent ultrasonic equipment with the support of 4G/5G network. Ultrasonic experts can perform real-time scanning through remote operation of ultrasonic robot manipulators, which can effectively relieve the shortage of ultrasonic doctors in isolation wards and reduce infection risks. At present, ultrasound is the only visual imaging device that can be brought into isolation wards for bedside examination of COVID-19 patients. This article analyzes the application value of ultrasound technology in the examination, diagnosis, medical condition monitoring, and treatment evaluation of lung injury and even systemic multiple organ diseases in COVID-19 patients, and discusses the application prospect of remote ultrasound and artificial intelligence in the relevant fields.

Abstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a public health emergency leads to panic, anxiety and other stress reactions among the frontline rescue workers and the general public. The mental health problems under the epidemic can not be ignored. We adopted a new comprehensive millitary mental stress rescue mode of “front+rear, online+ offline, front-line psychological screening interview+rear team intervention and counseling, psychological consultation+psychiatric drugs, psychological counselor+network engineer” to provide psychological intervention and psychological guidance for medical and rescue workers in Wuhan. The new comprehensive millitary mental stress rescue mode played an important role in reducing the rescue support investment and the risk of COVID-19 infection among psychological rescue workers, which could be widely used in the process of stress rescue.

Abstract:Objective To explore the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrosis in orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Methods OFs from thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients and healthy donors were cultured in vitro. The human recombinant PTX3 (rhPTX3) (1 μg/mL) and human recombinant TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) were added to the culture medium for stimulation. After stimulation, specific antibody was selected to label the anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the fibrosis of OFs was observed by fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of α-SMA, collagen typeⅠα1 (ColIα1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after the same stimulation. Results TGF-β1 induced the expression of α-SMA protein in the two groups of OFs, and the cells showed fibrotic changes, while the rhPTX3 had no significant inhibition. There was no significant difference in the fibrotic effect of OFs between the patients with TAO and healthy donors. The mRNA expression levels of fibrotic protein (α-SMA, ColIα1, and IL-6) were upregulated by TGF-β1 in OFs. The rhPTX3 had no significant induction for the expression of α-SMA mRNA in OFs, but co-stimulation could significantly enhance the upregulation of α-SMA. The rhPTX could upregulate the mRNA expression of ColIα1 and IL-6. Co-stimulation could enhance the induction of upregulation of IL-6 by TGF-β1, but had no significant effect on the upregulation of ColIα1. Conclusion The rhPTX3 has a potential role in promoting TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in OFs, which indicates that PTX3 may be involved in the later stage of the pathogenesis of diplopia in TAO patients and play a positive role.

Abstract:Objective To design and synthesize a series of novel dithiodipropionamide derivatives based on precursor captopril, and to investigate their vascular endothelial cell protective activities. Methods Based on the structure of captopril, we designed and synthesized five dithiodipropionamide derivatives, whose mercapto propionamide and methyl side chain were retained and the proline were modified. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to H₂O₂ at a concentration of 400 μmol/L for 3 h. Then in vitro endothelial cell protective activities of the target compounds were determined using captopril as the positive control drug. Results The target compounds were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Preliminary results of vascular endothelial cell protective activity test showed that, except for compound 4c, all the four target derivatives exhibited cytoprotective activity to different extents. The compound 4e, namely 3,3’-disulfide (N-(［1,1’-biphenyl］-3-methyl)-2-methylpropionamide) had the best activity. Conclusion The proline structure on captopril substituted by relatively large hydrophobic fragments, such as 4-methylbenzylamine and 4-tert-butylbenzylamine, followed by dimerization, can improve protective activity of vascular endothelial cells.

Abstract:Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a group of tumors with heterogeneous clinical characteristics and complex nature. Though the incidence of pNENs is low, all pNENs are considered to have a potential to be malignant. The histological grading is important to the selection of treatment and prognosis evaluation. If the pathological grading can be evaluated before operation, it will be helpful to the selection of treatment strategy and prognosis evaluation. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), the precision image analysis technology represented by deep learning, image group and texture analysis technology can analyze and interpret the image representation information more deeply, which is related to pathological grade. This paper reviews the current status and recent advances of the application of AI medical imaging technology in grading pNENs.

Abstract:Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is one of the most common types of dizziness in the clinic.It has two characteristics: close relation with emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) and visual dependence, but its pathogenesis is still not clear. Due to lack of objective examination methods, it is easy to be misdiagnosed. In recent years, the development of neuroimaging helps us to further explore the pathophysiological mechanism of PPPD. This paper reviews the progress in neuroimaging studies on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and structural functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with PPPD. It is found that the two characteristics of PPPD may be related to the changes in structure or function of related brain areas, which provides new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of PPPD.

Abstract:Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) as a representative of physical medicine has the application potentials in multiple diseases and orientations. Recent studies have found that LI-ESWT can also be used to enroll and activate endogenous stem cells. Activating the spermatogonial stem cells with LI-ESWT may bring a new breakthrough to the treatment of the patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia and latrogenic obstructive azoospermia. This article reviews the application and prospect of LI-ESWT in activating the spermatogonial stem cells for azoospermia.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influence of navy soldiers’ social anxiety on the processing of interpersonal information in military life. Methods A whole group of 74 soldiers was randomly selected. The interpersonal anxiety scale was used to evaluate the social anxiety of soldiers and E-prime behavioral experiment was used to test the characteristics of interpersonal information processing. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results Social anxiety was negatively correlated with interpretation bias and compliance (P<0.01, P<0.05), indicating that soldiers with high levels of social anxiety had a stronger tendency to negative interpretation bias and soldiers with high social anxiety showed lower compliance. The Sobel test showed that the interpretation bias could indirectly affect the soldier’s compliance through social anxiety (z=2.75 > 1.96). Conclusion Navy soldiers’ social anxiety has an impact on the processing of interpersonal information, and it plays an intermediary role in low-compliance behaviors caused by negative interpretation bias. Navy soldiers with high social anxiety show low compliance and other behaviors that do not adapt to the collective military life under the influence of negative interpretation bias. The interpretation bias modification can help officers and soldiers reduce social anxiety, increase their sense of belonging to the troops and help them better adapt to military life.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the research status and development trend of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), so as to provide reference for the future research. Methods We retrieved AS-related literatures containing original articles and reviews from the Web of Science database, extracted and analyzed data from Science Citation Index Extended. The items used in the search included: title (ankylosing spondylitis) and year of publication (2009-2018) and language (English). The literature overview, countries and regions, institutions, authors, literature source publications, literature research direction, cited frequency, impact factors, H index and key words were analyzed. Results From 2009 to 2018, a total of 2 759 AS-related publications were collected in the Web of Science database. The country with the largest number of publications was China (612 papers, 22.18%), the institution with the largest number of publications was Leiden University in the Netherlands (102 papers, 3.70%), and the author of most publications was van der Heijde D (103 papers, 3.73%). The research direction of AS was mainly rheumatology (1 473 papers, 53.39%), internal medicine (235 papers, 8.52%), and bone science (195 papers, 7.07%), and literatures were mainly from Rheumatol Int. In 2018, the average impact factor of the top 10 journals was 4.420, accounting for 38.64% (1 066/2 759) of the total literatures. A total of 2 759 articles have been cited 44 772 times (excluding 35 592 times of self-citation), and the average number of citations per article was 16.23. The H index and cited times of the United States, Germany and the Netherlands were significantly higher than those of the other countries, with H indexes all being 51 and cited times being 11 468, 10 132 and 9 494, accounting for 25.61%, 22.63% and 21.21% of the total cited times, respectively. Although China had the largest number of papers, the cited times and H index only ranked the sixth (6 478 cites, H index=31). By using VOSviewer software, we found that the key words were mainly “pathogenesis related”, “genetic related”, “rehabilitation related”, “diagnosis and treatment related” and “disease related”. Conclusion China, Turkey and the United States have the most AS-related articles from 2009 to 2018. Although the number of Chinese publications is far ahead, there is still a certain quality gap of the publications between China and western countries.

Abstract: