Abstract:Imaging examination is an indispensable and important diagnostic method for prostate cancer. ⁶⁸Gallium labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted positron emission tomography-computed tomography (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT) is a new imaging technique that has been applied in clinic in recent years. Its popularization and application benefit from the excellent diagnostic efficacy, unique value in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic prostate cancer, clinical decision-making guidance, biochemical recurrence detection and prognosis evaluation, and the broad prospect in realizing the integration of diagnosis and treatment of tumor. Based on the complementary advantages of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), European Association of Urology guidelines have recommended ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT for patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy. With the accumulation of clinical experience and in-depth understanding of clinicians, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT will play a greater role in the diagnosis and clinical decision-making of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of ⁶⁸gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PSMA-11 (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in the management of prostate cancer at different stages. Methods The clinical data of 386 prostate cancer patients who underwent ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. 31 to Dec. 31, 2019 were collected. We retrospectively analyzed the role of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in detection of metastases or local invasion for untreated patients, patients undergoing radiotherapy and/or hormonal therapy, and postoperative patients with persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation or biochemical recurrence. The incidence rates of total metastasis, regional lymph node metastasis, prostate bed invasion, extracapsular invasion of the prostate, bone metastasis, and non-regional lymph node and/or organ metastases were analyzed. Results Among the 160 untreated patients, 44.4% (71/160) had metastases. In the 71 untreated patients with PSA ≥ 30 ng/mL, 69.0% (49/71) had metastases or local invasion, of which 50.7% (36/71) had bone metastases. In the 157 patients undergoing radiotherapy and/or hormonal therapy, 68.2% (107/157) had metastases or local invasion, of which 32.5% (51/157) had regional lymph node metastases, 9.6% (15/157) had prostate bed invasion, 47.1% (74/157) had bone metastases, and 19.7% (37/157) had non-regional lymph nodes and/or organ metastases. Among the 69 postoperative patients with persistent PSA elevation or biochemical recurrence, 52.2% (36/69) had metastases or local invasion, of which 17.4% (12/69), 11.6% (8/69), and 5.8% (4/69) only had regional lymph nodes, bone, and non-regional lymph node and/or organ metastases, respectively; 2.9% (2/69) only had prostate bed invasion, 10.1% (7/69) had regional lymph node and bone metastases, 2.9% (2/69) had bone and non-regional lymph node and/or organ metastases, and 1.4% (1/69) had regional lymph node and non-regional lymph node and/or organ metastases. Conclusion For untreated prostate cancer patients with PSA ≥ 30 ng/mL, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT is recommended for preoperative evaluation; for patients undergoing radiotherapy and/or hormonal therapy, it can be used to monitor the progression of prostate cancer; and for postoperative patients with persistent PSA elevation or biochemical recurrence, it is recommended to detect metastasis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the positive findings of ⁶⁸gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PSMA-11 (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Methods The imaging and clinical data of 45 patients with prostate cancer newly diagnosed by biopsy who undergoing ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. to Dec. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT images were qualitatively analyzed by binomial classification to observe the involvement of prostate bilobes, capsule, seminal vesicles and regional lymph nodes. With the pathology result of radical prostatectomy as the gold standard, the McNemar test of image-pathology paired samples was carried out, and the Kappa coefficient was calculated. Results The accuracy rates of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in detecting primary lesions involving prostate bilobes, capsule, seminal vesicles and regional lymph nodes were 60.0% (27/45), 57.8% (26/45), 75.6% (34/45) and 84.4% (38/45), respectively, and the Kappa coefficients were 0.075 (P=0.375), 0.249 (P=0.025), 0.409 (P=0.003) and 0.444 (P=0.002), respectively. Conclusion ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT has a value in detecting involvement of seminal vesicles and regional lymph nodes in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, but has a low value in detecting involvement of prostate bilobes and capsule.

Abstract:Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacies of ⁶⁸gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PSMA-11 (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for detecting distant metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Methods The clinical data of 52 patients with prostate cancer who underwent ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT and WB-MRI in our hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The images of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT and WB-MRI were reviewed with blinding by professional nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists, respectively, and then the patients were grouped according to the best valuable comparator (BVC). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn according to the result, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the two tests were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 52 patients, 20 were diagnosed without distant metastasis, 32 with distant metastasis. The AUC of WB-MRI and ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in detecting distant metastasis were 0.844 (95% CI 0.719-0.968) and 0.959 (95% CI 0.719-0.968), respectively; the sensitivity and specificity were WB-MRI (93.75%[30/32], 75.00%[15/20]) and ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT (96.88%[31/32], 95.00%[19/20]), showing no significant differences (all P>0.05). There were 25 cases of bone metastasis and 29 cases of lymph node metastasis in patients with distant metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting bone metastasis were ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT (92.00%[23/25], 100.00%[27/27]) and WB-MRI (60.00%[15/25], 88.89%[24/27]), showing significant difference in sensitivity (P=0.04). The sensitivity and specificity of the two tests in detecting lymph node metastasis were (89.66%[26/29] vs 86.21%[25/29]) and (95.65%[22/23] vs 91.30%[21/23]), showing no significant differences (both P>0.05). Conclusion Both ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT and WB-MRI have high diagnostic efficacy for the detection of distant metastasis. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11PET-CT is significantly more advantageous compared to WB-MRI for the detection of bone metastasis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) combined with the biopsy Gleason score (GS) in predicting the metastatic risk in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Methods The imaging and clinical data of 85 untreated prostate cancer patients, who were newly diagnosed by prostate biopsy and underwent ⁶⁸gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PSMA-11 (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. to Dec. 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. There were 46 cases without metastasis (non-metastasis group) and 39 cases with metastasis (metastasis group). A logistic regression model for predicting the metastatic risk was established using the occurrence of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT positive metastasis as a binary dependent variable and PSA×(GS-5) as a continuous independent variable, and the diagnostic efficacy was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; the model was tested with external validation data (n=20) to evaluate the accuracy of regression equation in predicting tumor metastasis. Results The median PSA (75.0[7.7-533.9]ng/mL vs 13.83[3.8-62.0]ng/mL, P<0.01) and GS (8[6-10]vs 8[6-10], P=0.042) in the metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the non-metastasis group. When PSA×(GS-5) was used as a continuous independent variable, the area under the ROC curve of predictive value was 0.857 (95% confidence interval[CI] 0.772-0.942, P<0.01). The best cut-off value of PSA×(GS-5) was 130.62, with a sensitivity of 71.8%, a specificity of 95.7%, and a Yoden index of 0.675. The regression equation logit (P)=0.019×PSA×(GS-5)-2.3 had an accuracy of 81.2% (69/85) for predicting the metastatic risk. There was no significant difference between the external validation data and the modeling data in the PSA (Z=-1.616, P=0.106) or GS (Z=-1.391, P=0.164). The external validation data met the test conditions, and the accuracy of the test regression equation was 85.0% (17/20). Conclusion PSA combined with GS has good performance in predicting the metastatic risk of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.

Abstract:Conventional therapy (such as palliative surgery, experimental local therapy, external radiotherapy, endocrine therapy and chemotherapy) has limited effect on the prognosis and quality of life in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Radioligand therapy (RLT) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted probe is expected to change the situation (short survival and poor quality of life in mCRPC patients). ¹⁷⁷Lutetium labelled PSMA targeted ligand PSMA-617 (¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617) has excellent physical and chemical properties and pharmacokinetic properties. Compared with other radionuclide labelled probes, we have accumulated more clinical research data and experience on ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617. High efficacy, safety and easy availability, endowed it with high clinical value and application prospects in spite of several limitations. Although research on RLT with ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 is still based on small sample size and single center research at present, it is expected to become an extension and supplement to clinical conventional therapy for mCRPC patients with the accumulation of big data of global research.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the predictive value of carotid plaque score and intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary artery. Methods A total of 608 patients who underwent carotid artery ultrasonography and the first coronary angiography in Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) were divided into CTO group (150 cases) and non-CTO group (458 cases) according to the results of coronary angiography. Baseline data and carotid artery ultrasonography results were compared between the two groups, and the risk factors of coronary CTO were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive values of carotid plaque score, IMT and comprehensive predictive variables composed of multiple risk factors for CTO. Results The age, proportion of male sex, body mass index (BMI), proportion of hypertension, serum creatinine level, detection rate of carotid plaque, mean thickness of bilateral carotid plaques, total plaque score and mean IMT in the CTO group were significantly higher than those in the non-CTO group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age, high BMI, high serum creatinine level, high total plaque score and high mean IMT were independent risk factors for CTO (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) values (95% confidence interval[CI]) of total plaque score, mean IMT and comprehensive predictive variables (combined parameters of age, BMI, serum creatinine level, total plaque score, and mean IMT) were 0.676 (0.637-0.713), 0.633 (0.593-0.671) and 0.738 (0.701-0.772), respectively. The AUC value of comprehensive predictive variable was significantly different from those of total plaque score and mean IMT (both P<0.05). Conclusion Carotid total plaque score and mean IMT have certain predictive value for coronary artery CTO. The combined parameter of age, BMI, serum creatinine, total plaque score and mean IMT is superior to the two alone in predicting CTO.

Abstract:Objective To explore the proportion of immune cell infiltration in lung squamous cell carcinoma and to establish a prognostic risk assessment model for the patients. Methods Based on the whole transcriptome data of lung squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, R 4.0.3 software and CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm were used to calculate the proportion of different immune cell infiltrations. The prognostic risk assessment model was established by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the effectiveness of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The nomogram for predicting 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of patients was plotted with clinical variables. Results A total of 22 types of immune cells were involved. The relative infiltration rates of 8 types of immune cell subsets (naive B cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory activated T cells, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, M0 macrophage, M1 macrophage, and resting dendritic cells) were significantly lower than those in lung squamous carcinoma tissue (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the infiltration rates of other 8 types (CD4 memory resting T cells, resting natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, activated dendritic cells, resting mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils) were significantly higher (P<0.01 or P<0.05); and there were no significant differences in the rest of immune cell subsets (memory B cells, CD8 T cells, CD4 naive T cells, γ/δ T cells, activated NK cells, or activated mast cells) (all P>0.05). CD4 naive T cells and CD4 memory resting T cells were risk factors in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (HR>1), while CD4 memory activated T cells, follicular helper T cells, and resting dendritic cells were protective factors (HR<1). The prognosis of patients with high infiltration rates of CD4 memory activated T cells and resting dendritic cells was better than those of patients with low rates (P<0.05). The prognostic risk assessment model of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma constructed by CD4 memory activated T cells, follicular helper T cells and resting dendritic cells was effective, with the area under curve value of (ROC) curve being 0.678. Conclusion Resting dendritic cells and CD4 memory activated T cells are associated with the occurrence and prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma, and can be used as independent prognostic factors. The prognostic risk assessment model constructed by prognosis related immune cell subsets is effective.

Abstract:Objective To analyze and screen key genes affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer based on bioinformatics, and to explore their functions. Methods The microarray datasets of cervical cancer (GSE6791, GSE39001, GSE55940 and GSE63678) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened after merging and batch normalization. The DEGs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and survival analysis was performed based on The Cancer Genome Atras (TCGA) database to identify key genes. The functions of key genes were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the pan-cancer data based on TCGA database were used for in-depth research on functions, including gene correlation analysis, univariate Cox regression, immune subtype, tumor microenvironment and tumor stemness. Results A total of 336 DEGs were screened out, of which 153 were down-regulated and 183 were up-regulated. Mini-chromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) was selected as a potential biomarker for cervical cancer by PPI network and survival analysis. The results of GSEA suggested that MCM2 was associated with autophagy and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The research in pan-cancer showed that the expression of MCM2 was positively correlated with the 5-year overall survival rates of 4 cancers (cervical cancer, lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, rectum adenocarcinoma, and uveal melanoma) and negatively correlated with 7 cancers (adrenocortical carcinoma, kidney chromophobe, acute myeloid carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, mesothelioma and sarcoma). The research on functions in pan-cancer data suggested that MCM2-10 were invoved in the immune subtypes of cancers; tumor tissues with high expression levels of MCM2-10 had low proportions of matrix cells and immune cells and a high proportion of cancer cells; and the expression level of MCM2 was positively correlated with the tumor stemness in many cancers. Conclusion MCM2 is highly expressed in cervical cancer and related to the prognosis of patients, making it a potential biomarker for prognosis of cervical cancer. Furthermore, MCM2 is involved in various biological processes of many cancers, and it serves as a new target for cancer therapeutic intervention.

Abstract:Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was once considered to be the "noise" of genome transcription without biological function. In recent years, increasing evidence shows that lncRNA is dynamically expressed at different developmental stages or disease statuses and plays a regulatory role in gene expression and translation. In particular, the effectiveness of lncRNA has been proven in gene regulation of cardiac development. It also participates in multiple pathological changes of heart failure such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, angiogenesis, etc. Therefore, lncRNA is considered to be the core hub of complex regulatory networks controlling cardiac physiology and pathology, and is expected to become a therapeutic target for heart failure. This article reviews the role and mechanism of lncRNA in heart failure, and evaluates its prospects in the future clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Angiogenesis is a complex process playing important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, and many pathological changes. Pathological angiogenesis in the eye is the main feature of neovascular eye diseases, which can lead to visual loss or even blindness. Therefore, experimental models of neovascular eye diseases are very important for the development of antiangiogenic therapy. This paper reviews the commonly used experimental models of neovascular eye diseases and their quantitative evaluation, and analyzes their advantages and limitations, helping researchers to choose the most appropriate models for their studies.

Abstract:Oxygen is fundamental to life activities, but excessive oxygen (too high partial pressure) is harmful for the body, which is known as oxygen toxicity. Oxygen with high partial pressure can cause a series of clinical manifestations with convulsion as the main symptom in a short time, which is called central nervous system (or acute) oxygen toxicity. Central nervous system oxygen toxicity is the main restriction for the use of oxygen in diving operations, underwater special operations, and disease treatment. The pathogenesis of central nervous system oxygen toxicity is not clear yet. There are few effective ways to prevent central nervous system oxygen toxicity except intermittent oxygen inhalation and strict control of the pressure-time course of oxygen use. At present, the pathogenesis and prevention of central nervous system oxygen toxicity are still the focuces and difficulties in the field of diving medicine. This article summarizes the pathogenesis and prevention measures of central nervous system oxygen toxicity recently reported by domestic and foreign literatures, so as to provide references for clinical and scientific research in this area.

Abstract:Special environments, such as desert, polar, plateau, submarine, and diving, may affect the cognitive functions, quality of life and work status and even life safety of the exposed individuals. The degree of cognitive impacts is related to the durance of exposure, the intensity of stress, the complexity of cognitive tasks and some individual factors. Troops are always stationed in the special environments mentioned above, and the cognitive function of military personnel is greatly affected by the environment. Differences in experimental designs, sample sizes, selected environmental stressors, cognitive function indicators and measurement tools between different researches can, lead to various results. Future researches in this field should improve the existing shortcomings, focus on the mechanism of cognitive function changes, and explore intervention strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of special environments on cognitive functions of military personnel.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the rates of interpectoral lymph node (IPN) metastasis in breast cancer patients with different clinicopathological characteristics, and to provide reference for the management strategy of IPN during axillary lymph node dissection. Methods Keywords, such as "interpectoral nodes, interpectoral lymph nodes, Rotter's nodes" (in English or in Chinese), were searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, etc. Two researchers independently screened, reviewed and extracted the data, and collected the detection rate, metastasis rate and relevant clinicopathological characteristics of IPN. RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct a meta-analysis on the detection rate and metastasis rate of IPN, analyzing the relationship among clinical stage of breast cancer, axillary lymph node metastasis and IPN metastasis rate. Results A total of 21 studies with 8 418 patients were included. Random-effect model was used in the meta-analysis, and the combined analysis results showed that the detection rate of IPN was 36% (95% CI 28%-44%, P<0.01) among the 19 studies with 8 119 patients, and the overall metastasis rate was 8% (95% CI 6%-9%, P<0.01) among the 20 studies with 8 178 patients. A total of 11 studies analyzed the relationship between the clinical stage of breast cancer and the IPN metastasis rate, and the IPN metastasis rate in patients with stage Ⅲ was significantly higher than those in patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ in 6 of these studies (all P<0.05). A total of 15 studies analyzed the relationship between the axillary lymph node metastasis and the IPN metastasis rate, and the IPN metastasis rate was significantly higher in the axillary lymph node metastasis group than that in the non-metastasis group in 12 of these studies (all P<0.05). Conclusion IPN dissection is not necessary for most breast cancer patients undergoing ALND, but for stage Ⅲ patients with axillary lymph node metastasis, IPN dissection is recommended during axillary lymph node dissection.

Abstract:Objective To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system that could automatically identify the glomerulus on the renal pathological section images based on cascade region-convolutional neural network (cascade R-CNN) algorithm, and to help pathologists to calculate the number of glomerulus and identify glomerulus. Methods Renal pathological sections from patients undergoing renal biopsy in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University from 2017 to 2019 were collected. Totally, 1 180 periodic acid-silver metheramine (PASM) stained section images of similar quality were included after eliminating the blurred and poor quality ones. The digital scanned images were obtained by high-resolution whole slide image (WSI), and the image data were transmitted and stored to the cloud through the remote pathology system. A training set (940 images) and a test set (240 images) were created by cascade R-CNN. The training set was used to train AI to identify the glomerulus, and the test set was used to test and evaluate the precision and recall rate of cascade R-CNN algorithm to identify the glomerulus. The pathological sections of the test set were read by 3 pathologists who had worked for at least 3 years, and the precision and time for the pathologists to identify the glomerulus were calculated. Results The identification time of each glomerular region imnage was (0.20±0.02) s using the deep learning model trained by cascade R-CNN network. The precision and recall rate were 93.90% and 98.00%, respectively, and the F1 value was 95.91%. The time for the 3 pathologists to identify each glomerular region image was (3.57±0.05), (4.57±0.07), and (3.98±0.02) s, and the precision was 88.08%, 89.69%, and 89.98%, respectively, with no significant difference (all P>0.05). The precision of the cascade R-CNN algorithm was significantly higher than those of the 3 pathologists (89.25%) (t=-5.607, P=0.009). Conclusion cascade R-CNN algorithm can quickly and effectively identify glomerulus through high-resolution WSI, and it can help pathologists improving the diagnosis efficiency of renal diseases.

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of fatigue in officers and soldiers during the closed management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide evidence for developing specific strategies on psychological assistance in major public health emergencies. Methods The fatigue status and stress level were evaluated by multidimensional fatigue inventory, military personnel psychological self-evaluation test and self-designed epidemic effect questionnaire in 199 officers and soldiers from an army unit, and the relevant data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 softwase. Results The total fatigue score was 47.96±12.52, with power loss (50.25%) as the main manifestation, and the stress rate was 7.54% (15/199). There were significant differences in the total fatigue scores concerning gender, job title, service age, educational background, number of closed days, and the impact of the epidemic on themselves (all P<0.05). The total fatigue score and the 3 factors (physical fatigue, mental fatigue and power loss) were positively correlated with the stress level (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of closed days, job title, stress level and whether being the only child or not were included in the regression equation. Conclusion The main influencing factors of fatigue in officers and soldiers during the COVID-19 epidemic include gender, job title, service age, educational background, stress level, number of closed days, and the impact of the epidemic on themselves. The number of closed days, job title, stress level and whether being the only child or not can effectively predict the fatigue status of officers and soldiers during closed management.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alone or in combination with working memory training (2-back task) on inhibitory control function of military medical students, so as to provide evidence for improving their cognitive function and academic achievement. Methods Thirty-six military medical students were evenly randomized into 3 groups, and they were intervened by 20 min 1.5 mA tDCS and 2-back task training (combined group), sham-tDCS and 2-back task training (2-back group), or 20 min 1.5 mA tDCS and novel reading (tDCS group) 3 times a week for 4 weeks, respectively. The changes of response time and correct rate of inhibitory control function were compared before and after the intervention. Results The response time of the inhibitory control function of the combined group after the intervention was lower than that before intervention ([801.27±91.21] ms vs[883.52±73.18] ms, P=0.028, G²=0.210), while the correct rate was increased after the intervention (0.98±0.02 vs 0.96±0.04, P=0.005, G²=0.341). There was no significant difference in the response time or correct rate of inhibitory control function between the tDCS group and 2-back group before and after the intervention (P>0.05), while the effect size of response time of the tDCS group (G²=0.167) was higher than that of the 2-back group. Conclusion tDCS can improve the inhibitory control function of military medical students, and the effect of tDCS combined with 2-back task is better than that of tDCS alone.

Abstract:Objective To observe the efficacy of compound sulfadiazine zinc gel in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Methods Patients with venous leg ulcer were selected in our hospital from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2019, including 40 outpatients with dressing change without surgical treatment and 40 patients with surgical treatment. The outpatients were randomly divided into non-surgical experimental group (n=20) and non-surgical control group (n=20), and the patients with surgical treatment were divided into surgical experimental group (n=20) and surgical control group (n=20) by random number tables. Compound sulfadiazine zinc gel was applied to the leg ulcers after routine iodophor dressing in both experimental groups, while rivanol gauze was applied in both control groups. The ulcer area reduction rate and the ulcer healing rate in each group were observed and compared at different time points. Results The ulcer area reduction rates in the non-surgical experimental group were significantly higher than those in the non-surgical control group after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment (all P<0.01). The ulcer area reduction rates in the surgical experimental group were similar to those in the surgical control group after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the healing rate between the surgical experimental group and the surgical control group at 2 or 4 weeks of treatment (both P>0.05). The ulcer healing rate was 0 in the non-surgical experimental group and 5% (1/20) in the non-surgical control group after 3 weeks of treatment, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compound sulfadiazine zinc gel can promote the healing of venous ulcers in the lower limbs. In patients with conservatively treated venous ulcers receiving no surgery, the efficacy of external application of compound sulfadiazine zinc gel is better than that of rivanol after routine dressing change.

Abstract: