Abstract:In 2020, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology proposed the important role of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and called on everyone to take action. This paper discusses the current status and future perspective of individualized active exercise-based CR for coronary artery disease (CAD) from 4 dimensions, including the basic and clinical research progress of exercise-based CR for CAD, evidence on the benefits of exercise-based CR on ameliorating CAD complications, the exercise-based CR guidelines in different countries, and the implementation of exercise-based CR under coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, so as to provide reference for research and clinical work.

Abstract:Although the management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors have been widely concerned, the changes of cardiopulmonary endurance caused by MetS are usually overlooked. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is the gold standard for detecting cardiopulmonary endurance. CPET has important application value in evaluating the cardiopulmonary endurance of MetS patients, formulating individualized exercise prescriptions, evaluating the effect of clinical intervention, and playing a role in the prognosis of diseases. For patients with disease risk factors, CPET may be a supplementary screening tool for the diagnosis of MetS during follow-up, but more large-sample clinical studies are needed in the future to provide evidence for the application of CPET in MetS.

Abstract:Objective To develop the first barriers to physical activity scale in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in China, test its reliability and validity, and use the scale to investigate the influencing factors of physical activity barriers in patients after PCI. Methods Based on the biopsychosocial model, the scale was designed through discussions of multidisciplinary experts at home and abroad. After prediction adjustment, 45 CAD patients after PCI were randomly enrolled from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The internal consistency of the scale items was evaluated by Cronbach's α coefficient, and the test-retest reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). On this basis, 189 CAD patients after PCI were included for validity analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were used to examine whether the number of comorbidities was a factor affecting physical activity participation. Results There were 20 items in the scale. They reflected the patients' physical activity barriers from 3 dimensions (biological, psychological, and social dimensions). The reliability study included 42 patients, the overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.915, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of biological, psychological and social dimensions were 0.825, 0.881 and 0.833, respectively; the overall ICC was 0.877 (95% confidence interval[CI] 0.782-0.932), and the ICCs of the 3 dimensions were 0.710 (95% CI 0.521-0.833), 0.798 (95% CI 0.654-0.886), and 0.821 (95% CI 0.691-0.900), respectively. The validity study included 189 patients, and exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate was 52%; confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting model was good and the discrimination validity was ideal. The age of 189 patients was (66.69±8.70) years old, the scores of the 3 dimensions were 18.95±4.34, 24.63±6.38, and 11.49±3.65, respectively, and the total score was 55.07±11.68. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the number of comorbidities in patients after PCI was positively correlated with their scores of the scale (r_s=0.189, P<0.01). One-way ANOVA showed that patients with 3 or more comorbidities had significantly higher scores of the scale than patients with no comorbidity, 1, or 2 comorbidities (P=0.01, 0.03, 0.05). Conclusion The barriers to physical activity scale in patients with CAD post-PCI has good reliability and validity. It can be used as a tool to evaluate the barriers to physical activity in post-PCI patients and provides evidence for specific education in clinical work. The more comorbidities the patients have, the more physical activity barriers they have. Post-PCI patients with 3 or more comorbidities have the highest level of barriers to physical activity, and they are the main intervention group of clinical education.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of 6-week online supervised exercise intervention on patients with different types of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 22 patients with CAD after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in 2 groups, including 11 in non-myocardial infarction (non-MI) group and 11 in post-MI group. All enrolled patients were required to fill in the cardiac rehabilitation questionnaires or scales and underwent blood biochemical detection, motor function test and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Under the guidance of cardiovascular physicians, the patients were asked for daily exercise by their therapists online. The exercise program consisted of resistance training of lower extremities and aerobic exercise. Resistance training was sit-to-stand training, twice a day for 2-3 sets per time, 20-30 in each set. Aerobic exercise was brisk walking, once a day for 30-60 min, and intermittent rest was permitted. Exercise intensity was either to reach the heart rate reflecting the anaerobic threshold or to score 13 on rating of perceived exertion scale. After 6-week online supervised exercise intervention, the indicators were re-tested, and the differences of intra-group changes were analyzed. Results All patients completed retests according to the timeline without any serious adverse cardiovascular events. After 6-week online supervised exercise intervention, the scores of CAD self-management scale, CAD education scale and barriers to physical activity scale were improved in the non-MI and post-PCI groups, and the scores of Bandura's exercise self-efficacy scale were improved in the post-MI group (all P<0.05). The results of 6-min walk test, sit to stand test, 5 times sit to stand test, 30-s sit-to-stand test (STS) and 1-min STS were all improved in the non-MI and post-MI groups after the intervention (all P ≤ 0.05). Both groups had significant decreases in low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides (all P<0.01). CPET results showed that the oxygen uptake to work rate ratio ([8.44±0.93] mL/[min·W] vs[9.05±0.77] mL/[min·W], P<0.01), oxygen uptake/heart rate ([9.85±1.91] mL vs[10.65±1.83] mL, P=0.01) and maximal metabolic equivalent[MET] ([4.92±0.74] MET vs[5.22±0.76] MET, P=0.05) were all increased in the post-MI group after the intervention, while the above indicators had no significant change in the non-MI group. Conclusion The 6-week online supervised exercise is a safe and effective intervention. It can not only significantly enhance the disease knowledge and self-health management ability of patients in non-MI and post-MI groups, but also can remarkably improve their motor function and blood lipid level, and this intervention can significantly improve the cardiopulmonary function of patients in post-MI group.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility and influencing factors of early mobilization in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Methods A total of 102 AMI patients who were admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were prospectively enrolled from Feb. to Apr. 2021. The patients were divided into early mobilization group (the time of admission to the first mobilization ≤ 48 h) and non-early mobilization group (the time of admission to the first mobilization>48 h) according to the severity of the patient's condition and the time of admission to the first mobilization. The clinical data and rehabilitation data of patients in the 2 groups were compared, and the adverse events and barriers to early mobilization were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors affecting the time of early mobilization, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze the predictive value of related indicators on the time of early mobilization. Results Among 102 AMI patients, 101 were successfully mobilized at the time of discharge, of which 62 were included in the early mobilization group and 39 in the non-early mobilization group. Compared with that in the early mobilization group, the patients in the non-early mobilization group were older, had higher Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a higher proportion of anterior myocardial infarction, more smokers, more renal diseases and hyperlipidemia, more adjuvant therapy, and longer hospital stay (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high GRACE score and low LVEF were independent risk factors for early mobilization (odds ratio[OR]=0.960, 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.939-0.981, P<0.001; OR=1.139, 95% CI 1.038-1.251, P=0.006). ROC curve analysis showed that GRACE score could be used as a predictor for early mobilization of AMI patients (area under curve[AUC]=0.833, 95% CI 0.742-0.924, P<0.001), and the optimal cut-off value was 167 (sensitivity 0.650, specificity 0.986). Conclusion It is safe and feasible to grade the risk factors of AMI patients and implement early rehabilitation training. GRACE score and LVEF can be used as effective indicators to judge whether early rehabilitation training can be implemented.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the sleep quality, mindful attentional awareness level and exercise endurance in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to explore the mediating effect of mindful attention awareness level between sleep quality and exercise endurance. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 93 post-PCI patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in Department of Cardiovasology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from Aug. 2020 to Jul. 2021. The general information questionnaire, mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) were used to investigate the patients' general condition, the level of mindful attention awareness and sleep quality of the patients. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO_{2 max}) from the results of the CPET was used to assess the patients' exercise endurance. Results Totally 89 valid questionnaires were collected. The MAAS score of the 89 patients was 65.00 (60.50, 70.50), the PSQI score was 8.00 (6.00, 9.00), and the VO_{2 max} was (1 203.29±368.12) mL/min. The PSQI score was negatively correlated with the VO_{2 max} (r_s=-0.482, P<0.01), the MAAS score was negatively correlated with the PSQI score (r_s=-0.402, P<0.01), and the MAAS score was positively correlated with the VO_{2 max} (r_s=0.454, P<0.01); among them, female patients or ones with previous myocardial infarction showed higher correlation among the 3 variables (|r_s|>0.5, P<0.01). The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that the level of mindfulness had a partial mediation effect between sleep quality and exercise endurance in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI (the mediation effect value was -23.802, 95% confidence interval -46.461- -7.277), and the mediation effect accounted for 25.29% of the total effect. Conclusion Sleep quality has a predictive effect on exercise endurance in patients with coronary artery disease after PCI, and the level of mindful attention awareness plays a mediation role between sleep quality and exercise endurance.

Abstract:Objective To construct type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models using wild-type (WT) mice and nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) knockout (Nrf2KO) mice, and to explore the effect and mechanism of Nrf2 gene on bladder dysfunction in T2DM mice. Methods T2DM mouse model was constructed using male Nrf2KO mice and male WT mice in the same age, and the mice were randomly divided into Nrf2KO+T2DM group, Nrf2KO mouse control group (Nrf2KO group), T2DM modeling group (T2DM group), and WT mouse control group (WT group), with 10 mice in each group. The physiological signs and 24-h water intake and urine output of mice in each group were analyzed. The bladder tissue samples of mice were collected for histopathological analysis, and the expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Results The body weight, bladder mass, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and 24-h water intake and urine output of mice in the T2DM group were significantly higher than those in the WT group (all P<0.05), indicating that the T2DM mouse model was successfully established. The expression levels of nuclear Nrf2 and total Nrf2 proteins in the bladder tissues of mice in the T2DM group were significantly lower than those in the WT group (all P<0.05). The expression of apoptosis related molecules caspase 3 and oxidative stress-related products such as advanced glycation end products, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species in bladder tissues of the Nrf2KO+T2DM group was significantly higher than that in the WT, Nrf2KO and T2DM groups (all P<0.05); the expression of antioxidant stress molecules reduced coenzyme/quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase 1 was significantly lower than that in the WT, Nrf2KO and T2DM groups (all P<0.05); the expression of nerve growth factor was significantly lower than that in the WT, Nrf2KO and T2DM groups (all P<0.05); however, the expression of the pro-form of nerve growth factor was significantly higher than that in the WT, Nrf2KO and T2DM groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion The inhibition of Nrf2 pathway leads to imbalance of oxidative stress regulation, bladder-related neuropathies and up-regulated expression of apoptosis pathway related proteins, and it may be an important mechanism of bladder dysfunction in T2DM mice.

Abstract:Objective To develop an abdominal computed tomography (CT)-based adjunctive diagnostic tool for small pancreatic cancer (maximal tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm). Methods The imaging data of 206 patients with small pancreatic cancer confirmed by pathology and 268 normal controls without known pancreatic diseases who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were assigned to training set and validation set in chronological order:143 patients with small pancreatic cancer and 188 normal controls admitted from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2019 were assigned to the training set; and 63 patients with small pancreatic cancer and 80 normal controls admitted from Jan. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were assigned to the validation set. The whole pancreas was automatically delineated on the abdominal CT images by 2 imaging physicians using the nnU-Net automatic segmentation model to extract radiomics features. Variance analysis, Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were applied to select features. The diagnostic performance of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) prediction model was evaluated by ROC curve, and the clinical applicability of XGBoost prediction model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The tumor size of 206 patients with small pancreatic cancer was (1.69±0.77) cm. The area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the XGBoost prediction model in the training set were 0.99, 0.92, 0.97, 0.91 and 0.98, respectively. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the XGBoost prediction model in the validation set were 0.99, 0.94, 0.96, 0.93 and 0.97, respectively. DCA analysis showed that patients could benefit from this model. Conclusion The XGBoost prediction model based on radiomics analysis of abdominal CT images can accurately differentiate small pancreatic cancer from normal pancreas. It is expected to be an auxiliary tool for screening small pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Methods A total of 942 consecutive patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent single-level PELD in our hospital from Jan. 2013 to Aug. 2019 were included. They were divided into rLDH group and non-rLDH group. Patient characteristics, radiographic parameters and surgical variables were compared between the 2 groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of recurrence after PELD. Results The prevalence of rLDH was 6.05% (57/942) in this study. There were significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), current smoking, duration of low back pain, occupational lifting, herniated disc type, facet joint degeneration, operation time and time to ambulation between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of rLDH after PELD might be related to age, sex, BMI, current smoking, occupational lifting, operation time, and time to ambulation (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis suggested that an older age (odds ratio[OR]=1.210, 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.145-1.279, P<0.001), the male sex (OR=0.396, 95% CI 0.174-0.889, P=0.027), a large BMI (OR=1.363, 95% CI 1.201-1.547, P<0.001), heavy work (OR=8.804, 95% CI 3.069-25.257, P=0.003) and early ambulation (OR=0.744, 95% CI 0.685-0.809, P<0.001) were risk factors for rLDH after PELD. Conclusion An older age, male sex, larger BMI, heavy work, and early ambulation are risk factors of rLDH after PELD. Great importance should be attached to these risk factors to prevent rLDH.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of complete reduction on the clinical efficacy and sagittal alignment of patients with single segment L_4/5 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Methods A total of 70 patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion for L_4/5 lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in our hospital from Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2018 were included. They were divided into complete reduction group and partial reduction group, with 35 cases in each group. The general data, operation parameters, radiographical parameters and clinical efficacy of the 2 groups were analyzed. Results There were no significance in gender, age, body mass index, spondylolisthesis degree, or preoperative thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lodorsis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, or Oswestry disability index (ODI) score between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the partial reduction group, the complete reduction group had more intraoperative blood loss ([230.1±67.6] mL vs[182.5±56.3] mL), longer operative time ([176.4±35.2] min vs[152.6±23.4] min), and higher correction rate ([89.5±10.2]% vs[30.5±20.5]%) (all P<0.001). Compared with those before operation, TK, PT and SVA in the 2 groups were decreased, while LL was increased. At 3 months after operation, SVA in the complete reduction group was smaller than that in the partial reduction group ([26.5±21.2] mm vs[34.5±24.6] mm, P=0.012). At the last follow-up, LL, PT and SVA in the complete reduction group were smaller than those in the partial reduction group ([45.3±5.9] ° vs[48.2±6.3] °,[16.4±6.8] ° vs[18.3±7.1] °,[26.8±23.2] mm vs[36.5±26.2] mm, all P<0.05); and the VAS and ODI scores in the complete reduction group were lower than those in the partial reduction group (1.2±0.5 vs 2.2±0.8, 14.5±4.5 vs 20.9±6.4, both P<0.05). Conclusion As for patients with L_4/5 single segment degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, either complete reduction or partial reduction can achieve better clinical efficacy. Compared with partial reduction, patients with complete reduction have more blood loss and longer operative time, but they have better long-term clinical efficacy and can restore a better sagittal profile.

Abstract:Interleukin (IL)-18, an IL-1 family cytokine, is a pleiotropic immune regulator. IL-18 plays a strong proinflammatory role by inducing interferon γ and is associated with diverse reproductive related gynecological diseases. This article reviews the physiological role of IL-18 and its correlation with gynecological reproductive diseases, and discusses the impacts of IL-18 on female reproductive physiology from the perspective of endometrial receptivity, folliclar development, and reproductive immunity.

Abstract:Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal robotic single-port partial nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy. Methods From Nov. 2021 to Feb. 2022, doctors in The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University completed 7 cases of retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy with a domestic single-port robotic surgical system, including 4 cases of partial adrenalectomy and 3 cases of partial nephrectomy. The maximal tumor diameter, surgical approach, operation time, estimated blood loss, incision number, incision size, perioperative complications and pathological diagnosis were recorded in all patients. The serum creatinine before operation and discharge, warm ischemia time, and surgical margin were recorded in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy. Results All surgeries were carried out through retroperitoneal approach. Four patients underwent partial adrenalectomy. Three tumors were located on the right side and 1 on the left. The maximal tumor diameter was 1.2-3.3 cm. All 4 cases were pure single-port surgery, and the incision diameter was 3.0-4.5 cm. The operation time was 50-96 min, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was 10-50 mL, and there were no obvious complications during the perioperative period. Three patients underwent partial nephrectomy, and their preoperative serum creatinine were 77, 43, and 108 μmol/L, respectively. All 3 tumors were located on the right side, with a maximal diameter of 1.9-2.7 cm. The R.E.N.A.L. scores were 5P, 4X, and 4P, respectively. Pure single-port operation was applied in 2 cases, the incision was 4.5 and 4.0 cm, respectively. A 12-mm auxiliary trocar was placed in 1 case. The operation time was 52-150 min, the intraoperative bleeding was 10-50 mL, and the warm ischemia time was 22-30 min. There were 2 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma diagnosed by pathology after operation, and surgical margins were negative; there was 1 case of angiomyolipoma. There were no complications such as bleeding, urinary leakage or fever during the perioperative period. The serum creatinine before discharge was 99, 50, and 93 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion Retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy can be carried out safely and effectively with this domestic single-port robotic surgical system.

Abstract:Military training injury (MTI) is pathological change or dysfunction of participants' tissues and/or organs caused by military training. It is a common type of training injury for officers and soldiers. MTI seriously affects training efficiency, occupational health and overall military readiness, and it is a long-term health problem for officers and soldiers. In recent years, high-frequency ultrasound technology is developed rapidly, its advantages in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases have become increasingly prominent, and it is also increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of MTI. This article reviews the application and progress of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of MTI, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of MTI in our army.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the high-risk factors of renal injury induced by tenofovir in population with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), so as to guide the rational use of tenofovir in clinical practice. Methods A total of 1 278 CHB patients who took tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) tablets in Anting Branch of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from May 23, 2017 to Sep. 30, 2020 were selected by the Rbase rational usage of drugs intranet system. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 197 CHB patients were enrolled, including 143 in control group and 54 in renal injury group. The age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes), baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and body mass index (BMI) of patients between the 2 groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the high-risk factors of renal injury in CHB patients caused by TDF. Results The average age and the proportion of hypertension in the renal injury group were higher than those in the control group, and the baseline eGFR was lower than that in the control group (all P<0.01). Univariate logistic analysis showed that age, hypertension, and baseline eGFR were related to renal injury indued by TDF (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that older age (odds ratio[OR]=1.98, P=0.002), hypertension (OR=3.94, P=0.001) and lower baseline eGFR (OR=0.93, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for renal injury induced by TDF. After taking TDF, the risk of renal injury in CHB patients aged ≥ 60 years was 5.62 times of that in CHB patients aged <40 years (OR=5.62, P=0.001). Conclusion Renal function impairment is one of the common adverse reactions of TDF. CHB patients aged ≥ 60 years, with hypertension and low baseline eGFR are more likely to suffer from renal injury after taking TDF.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical application of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), galectin-3 (Gal-3), p53, topoisomerase Ⅱ (TopoⅡ), Ki-67, cyclin D1 (CCND1), human bone marrow endothelial marker 1 (HBME-1), and B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase V600E mutant type (BRAF^V600E) in the pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods A total of 100 PTC and 40 benign thyroid lesions were selected. The expression of CK19, Gal-3, p53, TopoⅡ, Ki-67, CCND1 and HBME-1 in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry EnVision method, and the expression of BRAF^V600E was detected by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Results The positive expression rates of CK19, Gal-3, TopoⅡ, CCND1, HBME-1 and BRAF^V600E in PTC tissues (97.0%[97/100], 98.0%[98/100], 56.0%[56/100], 95.0%[95/100], 66.0%[66/100] and 75.0%[75/100]) were significantly higher than those in benign thyroid tissues (45.0%[18/40], 20.0%[8/40], 15.0%[6/40], 55.0%[22/40], 25.0%[10/40] and 12.5%[5/40]), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). CK19 and Gal-3 had the highest sensitivity (97.0% and 98.0%, respectively) and Gal-3 had the highest accuracy (92.9%) when the 8 markers were used alone for the diagnosis of PTC. Taking any 2 being positive of a 3 combination as the positive criterion, the combined application of CK19, Gal-3 and HBME-1 as diagnostic criteria for PTC had the highest accuracy of 96.4%. The combication of BRAF^V600E, CK19 and Gal-3 showed high accuracy as well (91.4%). Conclusion CK19, Gal-3, TopoⅡ, CCND1, HBME-1 and BRAF^V600E are important markers for the diagnosis of PTC, and the combined application of these markers can help to distinguish the abnormal PTC from benign thyroid lesions.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of single high-intensity interval exercise on positive and negative emotions and lateralization of frontal lobe α frequency band in depressed college students by analyzing the changes of the scores of positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and electroencephalography (EGG) α frequency band at the frontal lobe. Methods A total of 38 college students in mild and moderate depressed mood were screened by self-rating depression scale (SDS). They were randomly divided into high-intensity interval exercise group (n=19) and control group (n=19) by coin toss. The high-intensity interval exercise group performed single high-intensity interval exercise for 20 min, while the control group sat still for 20 min. After the intervention, SDS was used again to test the depression scores of the subjects 1 week later. Before and immediately after the intervention, PANAS was used to test the emotional state of the subjects, and the power values of frontal lobe α frequency band of the subjects at rest were collected by EGG topographic map. The PANAS scores, SDS scores and the changes of total power of the frontal lobe α frequency band and lateralization of the 2 groups were compared before and after the intervention. Results The SDS scores of the subjects were decreased, the positive emotion scores were increased, and the negative emotion scores were decreased in the single high-intensity interval exercise group after intervention (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the above indexes in the control group before or after intervention (all P>0.05). The total power values of the right frontal lobe α frequency band of the subjects were increased in the high-intensity interval exercise group after intervention (P<0.05), and the lateralization of the frontal lobe α frequency band was improved (both P<0.05); the total power values of the left and right frontal lobe α frequency band were increased in the control group after intervention (both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the lateralization of the frontal lobe α frequency band (P>0.05). Conclusion Single high-intensity interval exercise can effectively improve college students' mood and lateralization of frontal lobe α frequency band.

Abstract:Objective To construct a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model of female SD rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and to investigate the therapeutic effects of celecoxib on RA with different administration methods. Methods Twenty-four female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and low-, medium-, high-dose model groups (n=6), and 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mL of CFA (10 mg/mL) were injected into the right hind limb plantar region of the rats to induce RA models, and the appropriate dose was screened. Another 24 female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and 3 experimental groups after the establishment of the optimal inflammation model (model control group, celecoxib oral group, and celecoxib injection group) (n=6). The celecoxib oral group was given commercial celecoxib capsules, 20 mg each time, once a day by gavage; the celecoxib injection group was given a celecoxib suspension, administered once a week at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The foot volume of rats was measured in each group, and the clinical scores were performed. The levels of 3 inflammatory factors (interleukin[IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α[TNF-α]) in serum of rats in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the ankle joint tissues of rats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the pathological changes. Results In female SD rats, moderate inflammatory reaction of RA could be better simulated by injecting 0.1 mL CFA (10 mg/mL) into the plantar part of the foot. After CFA injection, the feet gradually become red and swollen, and the systemic clinical score and foot arthritis index score were both increased. The peak of inflammation appeared on day 19 after immunization. The foot volume, systemic clinical score, foot arthritis index score, the concentrations of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of the rats in the celecoxib oral group and injection group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (all P<0.05), and the pathological changes of ankle joint were all alleviated. The systemic clinical score and foot arthritis index score of the rats in the celecoxib injection group were significantly lower than those in the oral group (both P<0.05), and the pathological changes of ankle joint were mild in the injection group. Conclusion Injection of 0.1 mL CFA (10 mg/mL) into the plantar region of the foot can cause moderate inflammation reaction in female SD rats, and it can better simulate the pathological process of RA. Injecting celecoxib suspension once a week has a better effect than taking celecoxib orally once a day on RA in model rats.

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