Abstract:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Its typical clinical manifestations include progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, personality and behavioural changes, aphasia, dysfunction, and loss of recognition. Pathological changes include amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles formed by Tau protein, degeneration of neurons and their synapses, and glial cell activation and proliferation. The disease is a huge challenge in our country and the whole world at present. In recent years, with the gradual increase of the global aging population, the number of AD patients has been increasing, causing a great burden and loss to individuals, families, and society. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of AD patients is essential for early intervention, and the development of drugs to relieve symptoms and delay the disease is also greatly needed. This article reviews the development of diagnostic frameworks related to the precise diagnosis of AD, imaging and body fluid biomarkers, as well as current advances in drugs and treatments for AD.

Abstract:Mechanical thrombectomy is an effective treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion, but more than half of the patients have poor clinical prognosis. The transformation of intracranial hemorrhage caused by postoperative high perfusion is closely related to the deterioration of clinical prognosis after AIS mechanical thrombectomy, and low perfusion may lead to further aggravation of infarction. Therefore, strengthening postoperative blood pressure management and balancing the risks of intracranial high perfusion and low perfusion are of great significance for improving patient prognosis. ENCHANTED2/MT research is to explore the effect of intensive antihypertensive therapy after mechanical thrombectomy, and it immediately attracts widespread attention in the field of cerebrovascular diseases at home and abroad. This article summarizes the most important research in the field of cerebrovascular diseases, and interprets the research progress in blood pressure management after AIS mechanical thrombectomy.

Abstract:Objective To compare the outcomes of patients with anterior circulation large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke with or without ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion after endovascular treatment. Methods The subgroups of a multicenter randomized clinical trial DIRECT-MT were retrospectively analyzed. The baseline characteristics and prognoses of patients with LAA stroke with isolated intracranial artery occlusion (intracranial occlusion group) and LAA stroke with tandem occlusion (tandem occlusion group) with ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion were compared, and the effects of different mechanism characteristics (atherosclerosis or arterial embolism) on clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results There were 108 patients with LAA stroke, including 63 cases in the tandem occlusion group and 45 cases in the intracranial occlusion group. The proportion of patients with hypertension history in the intracranial occlusion group was higher than that in the tandem occlusion group (77.8%[35/45] vs 52.4%[33/63], P=0.007). The most common site of intracranial occlusion in the intracranial occlusion group was the middle cerebral artery M1 segment (88.6%, 39/44), while those in the tandem occlusion group were the internal carotid artery intracranial segment (49.2%, 31/63) and the middle cerebral artery M1 segment (49.2%, 31/63) (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in age, gender, preoperative use of antithrombotic drugs or statins, history of stroke, atrial fibrillation or smoking, baseline modified Rankin scale (mRS) or National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score, whether receiving intravenous thrombolysis or not, collateral circulation, or treatment process time between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportions of patients with 90-d mRS score of 0-2 between the 2 groups (53.3%[24/45] vs 41.9%[26/62], P=0.243). The successful reperfusion rate in the intracranial occlusion group was higher than that in the tandem occlusion group (93.3%[42/45] vs 77.4%[48/62], P=0.026), but the proportion of vascular recanalization within 24-72 h after surgery was lower than that in the tandem occlusion group (57.1%[24/42] vs 77.2%[44/57], P=0.034), and the final infarct volume was smaller than that in the tandem occlusion group (20.1[0.3, 65.3] mL vs 34.5[19.9, 124.6] mL, P=0.025). There were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes such as postoperative NIHSS score, 90-d EuroQoL Group 5-dimension 5-level self-report questionnaire on health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) score or Barthel index between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). The mortality within 90 d, the incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, the incidence of cerebral infarction in other vascular regions at 5-7 d, and the incidence of embolization in a new territory were similar between the 2 groups, with no significant differences (all P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with isolated intracranial occlusion, tandem occlusion caused by atherosclerosis has a lower successful reperfusion rate on the last angiography and a larger infarct volume, but the vascular recanalization rate is higher at 24-72 h after surgery, and the good prognosis rate of neurological function and the incidence of adverse events are similar to those of intracranial occlusion.

Abstract:Objective To explore the impact of different treatment methods on the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) of anterior circulation after endovascular treatment. Methods Patients with AIS-LVO of anterior circulation who received endovascular treatment in Neurovascular Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. 2019 to Jun. 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into directly admitted group and transfer group based on their treatment methods. The patients in the directly admitted group were directly admitted to our emergency department through the 120 emergency system or other transportation, while the patients in the transfer group were transferred to our emergency department through the 120 emergency system from other hospitals. The baseline data, treatment process and postoperative outcome indicators after endovascular treatment were analyzed between the 2 groups. Results A total of 239 patients were enrolled, including 129 patients in the directly admitted group and 110 patients in the transfer group. Compared with the directly admitted group, the transfer group had a higher proportion of pre-hospital warning, a higher baseline National Institute of Health stroke scale score, a larger core infarction volume, and a lower Alberta Stroke Program early computed tomography score (all P<0.01). The onset-to-door time, onset-to-puncture time and onset-to-recanalization time in the transfer group were longer than those in the directly admitted group (258[175, 373] min vs 94[60, 176] min, 354[284, 494] min vs 225[162, 318] min, 417[340, 577] min vs 277[205, 424] min; all P<0.001), while the transfer group had shorter door-to-puncture time and door-to-recanalization time (94[75, 127] min vs 103[86, 139] min, 151[115, 193] min vs 162[133, 217] min; both P<0.05). The proportion of 90-d good prognosis in the transfer group was only 49.1% (54/110), significantly lower than 63.6% (82/129) in the directly admitted group (P=0.024). Meanwhile the transfer group had a higher proportion of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and a higher mortality (14.5%[16/110] vs 6.2%[8/129], 20.0%[22/110] vs 10.1%[13/129]; both P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with AIS-LVO of anterior circulation who received endovascular treatment, the transfer group patients have more severe stroke, higher incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, higher mortality and lower 90-d good prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To compare the clinical characteristics, inflammatory indexes and coagulation function of patients with acute ischemic stroke complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and those without COVID-19, and to explore the risk factors of acute ischemic stroke after COVID-19. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted in 187 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were treated in our hospital from Nov. 5, 2022 to Feb. 5, 2023 and were tested for COVID-19, including 75 patients with COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) and 112 patients without COVID-19 (non-COVID-19 group). The general clinical data, inflammation and coagulation function indexes (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio[NLR], D-dimer, and fibrinogen[FIB]) of the 2 groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of acute ischemic stroke after COVID-19 infection. Results NLR (3.62[2.31, 6.71] vs 2.64[1.87, 5.04], P=0.014), D-dimer (0.70[0.32, 2.27] mg/L vs 0.37[0.27, 0.76] mg/L, P=0.001) and FIB (4.21[3.26, 5.17] g/L vs 3.25[2.77, 3.87] g/L, P<0.001) of COVID-19 group were markedly higher than those of non-COVID-19 group, and lymphocyte count (1.40[1.03, 1.71]×10⁹/L vs 1.61[1.09, 2.21]×10⁹/L, P<0.05) was lower than that of non-COVID-19 group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the previous stroke history (odds ratio[OR]=5.430, 95% confidence interval[CI]1.538-19.175, P=0.009), D-dimer (OR=1.425, 95% CI 1.104-1.840, P=0.007) and FIB (OR=2.405, 95% CI 1.683-3.437, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for acute ischemic stroke after COVID-19. Conclusion Serum biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation function (NLR, D-dimer, and FIB) are increasesd in patients with acute ischemic stroke after COVID-19, and the incidence of ischemic stroke after COVID-19 is related to hypercoagulability.

Abstract:Objective To construct a microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory network in rats with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis using bioinformatics technology, and to screen for the related core molecules regulating the formation of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Methods The miRNA and mRNA datasets of rats with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis induced by glycol feeding for 14 d were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by GEO2R online tool, and displayed by heatmap diagrams. The target genes of DEMs were predicted by miRWalker and then were intersected with DEGs to identify the regulatory genes by "venn.diagram" package of R software according to the principle of negative regulation of miRNA to mRNA. "Clusterprofile" package was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the regulatory genes, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed by String database. Lastly, Cytoscape software was used to visualize the PPI and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and screen the hub genes. Results A total of 38 DEMs and 364 DEGs were screened. Totally 116 regulatory genes were obtained through the intersection of DEMs' target genes and DEGs, and they were enriched in 24 GO items and 22 KEGG signaling pathways. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was successfully constructed, and the miRNAs at the core regulatory position were miRNA-6215, miRNA-758-5p, and miRNA-214-3p. Five hub genes were identified from PPI network, namely forkhead box M1 (Foxm1), nuclear division cycle 80 (Ndc80), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (Cdkn2b), Cdc10-dependent transcript 1 (Cdt1), and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase regulatory subunit gamma (Ikbkg). Conclusion Through constructing miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, miRNAs and genes that play key regulatory roles in the formation of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis are obtained, which provides new research ideas for the prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture at Guanyuan acupoint on neurogenic urinary retention through microRNA (miRNA)-199a-3p regulating receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in rats. Methods Sixty model rats with neurogenic urinary retention were established by modified spinal cord transection method and divided into 5 groups by random number table method:model group, electroacupuncture group, miRNA-199a-3p antagomir (inhibitor) group, miRNA-199a-3p antagomir negative control group, and electroacupuncture+miRNA-199a-3p antagomir group, and another 12 SD rats were selected as sham group. After group intervention with drugs, the urodynamics of the rats were tested, and the maximum bladder volume, basal bladder pressure, and urine leakage point pressure were compared in each group; muscle strip experiment was used to detect the excitability of rat detrusor muscles and compare the spontaneous contraction frequency of muscle strips in each group; hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the pathological and morphological changes of the bladder tissue of rats in each group; the kits were used to measure the serum levels of inflammatory cytokine cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL-18) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of rats in each group; real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment was used to detect the expression levels of miRNA-199a-3p and c-kit mRNA in the bladder tissue; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of c-kit/ERK pathway proteins in the bladder tissue. Results Compared with the sham group, the bladder tissue of the model group showed severe pathological damage, the maximum bladder volume, basal bladder pressure, urine leakage point pressure, serum COX-2, IL-18 and iNOS levels were significantly increased (all P<0.05), the spontaneous contraction frequency of muscle strips, the expression levels of miRNA-199a-3p and c-kit mRNA in bladder tissue, and the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-ERK/ERK and c-kit in bladder tissue were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group and the electroacupuncture+miRNA-199a-3p antagomir group, the pathological damage of the bladder tissue of rats in the electroacupuncture group was reduced, the maximum bladder volume, basal bladder pressure, urine leakage point pressure, serum COX-2, IL-18 and iNOS levels were decreased (all P<0.05), the spontaneous contraction frequency of muscle strips, the expression levels of miRNA-199a-3p and c-kit mRNA in bladder tissue, and the expression levels of p-ERK/ERK and c-kit in bladder tissue were increased (all P<0.05); the pathological damage in the miRNA-199a-3p antagomir group was aggravated, the maximum bladder volume, basal bladder pressure, urine leakage point pressure, serum COX-2, IL-18 and iNOS levels were increased (all P<0.05), the spontaneous contraction frequency of muscle strips, the expression levels of miRNA-199a-3p and c-kit mRNA, and the expression levels of p-ERK/ERK and c-kit were decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the indicators in the miRNA-199a-3p antagomir negative control group (all P>0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Guanyuan acupoint can activate c-kit/ERK pathway by up-regulating the expression of miRNA-199a-3p, thereby reduce the inflammatory damage of bladder tissue in neurogenic urinary retention rats, enhance the excitability of detrusor, repair the bladder function, and improve the symptoms of urinary retention in rats.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of enriched environment preconditioning on the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and apoptosis in the peri-infarct cortex of rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods A total of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and enriched environment preconditioning group, with 15 rats in each group. Before modeling, rats in the sham group and model group were fed in standard environment cages, while rats in the enriched environment preconditioning group were fed in enriched environment cages, all for 3 weeks. The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established by modified Longa's method in the model group and enriched environment preconditioning group, while rats in the sham group were not inserted with suture. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was used to evaluate the neurological function 1-3 d after operation. The brain tissue was harvested 3 d after the operation, the pathological changes of the peri-infarct cortex were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the apoptosis was observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), the activation of microglia ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) was observed by immunofluorescence, and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham group, the peri-infarct cortical tissue in the rats of model and enriched environment preconditioning groups had obvious pathological changes, and the mNSS, TUNEL positive cell number, the activation of microglia Iba-1, the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, mNSS, TUNEL positive cell number, the activation of microglia Iba-1, and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased in the enriched environment preconditioning group (all P<0.05) and the degree of peri-infarct cortical tissue injury was alleviated. Conclusion Enriched environment preconditioning can attenuate neurological function and peri-infarct brain tissue injuries in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis in the peri-infarct cortex.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the intervention effects of Huanglian Huazhuo capsule on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of islet β cells with coat proteinⅡ (COP-Ⅱ) dysfunction induced by secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A (sar-1A) knockout. Methods Mouse islet β cells Min6 were divided into 3 groups:blank group (Min6 cells without any intervention), negative control (NC) group (Min6 cells were transfected with sar-1A-NC-small interfering RNA[siRNA]), and sar-1A siRNA group (Min6 cells were transfected with sar-1A siRNA). Min6 cells transfected with sar-1A siRNA were collected and divided into blank serum group (cells cultured in medium with 10% blank serum), 5%, 10%, and 20% Huanglian Huazhuo capsule groups (cells cultured in medium with 5%, 10%, and 20% serum containing Huanglian Huazhuo capsule), and rosiglitazone group (cells cultured in medium with 10% serum containing rosiglitazone). The expression of sar-1A mRNA in Min6 cells was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the expression of sec31 protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression of proinsulin, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), inosital-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and X-box proteins was detected by Western blotting. Results There were no significant differences in sar-1A mRNA, sec31, proinsulin, p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, IRE1, or X-box protein between the blank group and the NC group (all P>0.05). Compared with the NC group, the sar-1A siRNA group showed decreased expression of sar-1A mRNA, sec31 protein, proinsulin, and X-box protein (all P<0.05), and increased expression of p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, and IRE1 proteins (all P<0.05). Compared with the blank serum group, the sar-1A mRNA expression in the 5%, 10%, and 20% Huanglian Huazhuo capsule groups and the rosiglitazone group was significantly increased (all P<0.05). The expression of sar-1A mRNA was gradually increased in the 5%, 10%, and 20% Huanglian Huazhuo capsule groups (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of sec31, proinsulin, p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, IRE1, or X-box protein between the blank serum group and the 5% Huanglian Huazhuo capsule group (all P>0.05). Compared with the 5% Huanglian Huazhuo capsule group, sec31 protein and proinsulin in Min6 cells of 10%, 20% Huanglian Huazhuo capsule groups and rosiglitazone group were significantly increased (all P<0.05), and p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, IRE1, and X-box proteins were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusion COP-Ⅱ dysfunction is found in the islet β cells after sar-1A knockdown, and Huanglian Huazhuo capsule can reduce ERS of islet β cells after sar-1A knockdown.

Abstract:Objective To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 10 active ingredients (adenosine, cordycepin, rutin, ononin, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, calycosin, ganoderic acid A, and baohuosideⅠ) in Xianrengu oral liquid. Methods A Dikma Diamonsil Plus C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile (A) -0.1% glacial acetic acid (B) (0-3 min, 2%-5% A; 4-7 min, 5% A; 8-17 min, 5%-20% A; 18-21 min, 20%-30% A; 22-38 min, 30% A; 39-48 min, 30%-90% A). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30℃, the detection wavelength was 270 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. Results As for the analytes, the linear range of the calibration curve was 0.250-16.0 μg/mL for adenosine, 6.25-400 μg/mL for cordycepin and icariin, 1.25-80.0 μg/mL for rutin, 0.500-32.0 μg/mL for ononin, 0.375-24.0 μg/mL for epimedin B, 3.12-200 μg/mL for epimedin C, 0.625-40.0 μg/mL for calycosin and ganoderic acid A, 0.125-8.00 μg/mL for baohuosideⅠ, respectively (all r>0.999). The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of precision, stability and repeatability were all less than 4%. The recovery rate was 96.32%-99.60%, which met the standard requirements in the range of 85%-115%. Conclusion The established HPLC method has the features of simplicity, accuracy and high repeatability and is applicable for simultaneous determination of 10 active ingredients in Xianrengu oral liquid, making it a method for quality control of Xianrengu oral liquid.

Abstract:Bioaerosol is one of the most important ways for the rapid spread of emergent infectious diseases and a common route of bioweapon attack. Bioaerosol has become a focus in biosafety defense because of its fast diffusion, great protection difficulty and difficult composition identification. Developing a remote detection device based on laser-induced fluorescence light detection and ranging is an effective mean to improve the defense against bioaerosol. This review summarizes the principles, types, progress and application of this technology, so as to elucidate the current status and provide reference for China's biosafety equipment research and development.

Abstract:Objective To explore the knowledge base, focus and frontier trends of exercise intervention therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A total of 1 153 articles related to exercise intervention therapy for ADHD included in the Web of Science database from 1996 to 2022 were used for science-based analysis and visualization analysis by CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software. Results There was an overall upward trend in the number of publications and frequency of citations for the research on exercise intervention therapy for ADHD from 1996 to 2022. Interdisciplinary integration was an important disciplinary representation of this research field, mainly involving psychology, psychiatry, neuroscience, pediatrics, sports science, etc. The research of ADHD exercise intervention therapy focused on improving the mental function, motor function and social function of children with ADHD, and the evolution of frontier topics mainly focused on the incentive mechanism of ADHD, physiological and biochemical mechanism of exercise intervention, and functional effect of exercise intervention. Conclusion Research on exercise intervention therapy for ADHD is centered on 2 core themes, namely, exercise intervention mechanism and the intervention effect; and the research is focused on mental function, motor function and social function, presenting a trend of diversification of topics, refinement of content, and in-depth study of themes.

Abstract:Objective To construct the norm of Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) personality types of naval officers and soldiers, so as to provide basis and reference for their career development and for comparison of different groups. Methods The Chinese version of MBTI-M was used to test the preferences and personality types of naval officers and soldiers of 4 personality dimensions:extraversion (E)-introversion (I), sensing (S)-intuition (N), thinking (T)-feeling (F), and judging (J)-perceiving (P), and to establish norms. Results Naval officers and soldiers generally preferred E (standard score of 0.585±0.213), S (0.636±0.201), T (0.591±0.204) and J (0.676±0.224) in the 4 personality dimensions. There were significant differences in different genders, unit types, identities, work departments, unit properties and arms of services in all the 4 dimensions, except for the differences of different genders in the E-I and S-N dimensions, different identities in the S-N dimension and different unit properties in the S-N dimension (all P<0.05). The dominant personality types were ESTJ (24.4%), ISTJ (11.1%) and INFP (10.1%), and it all showed significant differences among different groups (all P< 0.05). Conclusion The MBTI personality types of naval officers and soldiers tend to be E-S-T-J, especially J, but the overall tendency is not obvious. The dominant personality types are ESTJ, ISTJ and INFP. The norm is affected by general demographic factors, especially by the unit types, work departments and arms of services, but not by gender. Different posts of navy should be adjusted according to different personality characteristics; meanwhile with ESTJ as the reference (best for military personnel), various psychological training should be carried out to consciously revise and develop its auxiliary functions.

Abstract:A large number of carrier-based aircraft pilots is needed for Chinese Navy with the enlist of our naval aircraft carriers. To explore the physical diseases and health maintenance of carrier-based aircraft pilots is of great significance for improving their operational ability. Spontaneous pneumothorax in carrier-based aircraft pilots is extremely rare. Once occurs, it can greatly threaten the flight safety. This paper introduces the spontaneous pneumothorax cases in US Navy carrier-based aircraft pilots, analyzes its inducing factors, and proposes protective measures, so as to provide reference for the health maintenance of our carrier-based aircraft pilots.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the anti-G effect of an anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM) for flight instructors proposed earlier by our research group using surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods Eight subjects aged 18-20 years were enrolled. The test equipment was AMST-HC-4E manned centrifuge. According to the performance and load characteristics of primary and advanced trainers, 5 centrifuge acceleration curves of 3.0G60s, 4.0G50s, 5.0G40s, 6.0G30s and 7.0G20s were compiled to evaluate the anti-G effect of FT maneuver and HP maneuver, respectively. At the same time, sEMG was used to observe the changes of muscle strength and muscle activation of 2 AGSMs before and after training under different loads. Results After training, the G tolerance of subjects using FT maneuver and HP maneuver was significantly higher than that before training. Compared with before training, the G tolerance of subjects in FT maneuver group increased by 60.8%, HP maneuver group increased by 34.6%, FT maneuver+KH-X anti-G suit group increased by 50.5%, and HP maneuver+KH-X anti-G suit group increased by 51.7% (all P<0.05). The results of sEMG test showed that muscle integrated electromyography (iEMG) of subjects using FT maneuver and HP maneuver all showed a downward trend after training. Significant differences were found in the decrease of iEMG values of the right gastrocnemius muscle under 2.5G10s load, left and right rectus abdominis muscle and right gastrocnemius muscle under 3.0G60s load, and left rectus abdominis muscle under 5.0G40s load+KH-X anti-G suit before and after training (all P<0.05). Compared with HP maneuver, left anterior tibial muscle iEMG of subjects using FT maneuver under 3.0G60s load was significantly higher (P< 0.05). The left rectus abdominis muscle iEMG of subjects using HP maneuver was significantly higher than that of subjects using FT maneuver in 4.0G50s load+KH-X anti-G suit and 5.0G40s load+KH-X anti-G suit groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion sEMG assessment has showed that the anti-G effect of FT maneuver proposed for flight instructors is good.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON). Methods The data of 3 CAPNON patients diagnosed in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2021 were collected, and their clinical imaging characteristics, histological morphology and immunohistochemical and molecular phenotypes were analyzed. Results The 3 CAPNON patients, 1 male and 2 females, were aged 15, 33 and 56 years old. Their clinical manifestations included limb muscle atrophy, intermittent low back pain and intermittent headache, and the imaging findings showed space occupying lesions. All 3 cases were treated by surgical resection. Histological observation showed nodular cartilage-like stroma and spindle-shaped stromal cells, with calcification, ossification and gravel bodies, histocyte reactions around the lesions and foreign body granuloma formation. Immunohistochemistry showed CD68 (+) in histocytes, vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen (+) in spindle mesenchymal cells. Genetic testing showed c.1924G>A missense mutation in somatic Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 gene in 1 patient. No recurrence was found during a follow-up of 17-41 months. Conclusion CAPNON is a rare neuroaxial fibroskeletal lesion. The diagnosis of CAPNON should combine histological morphology and clinical imaging data, and molecular pathological examination may help to understand its pathogenesis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy of femoral neck system (FNS) in the treatment of Pauwels Ⅱ-Ⅲ femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients. Methods The clinical data of 13 young and middle-aged patients with femoral neck fractures undergoing FNS treatment were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 5 females, with an age of (50.9±14.1) years. The Pauwels of fractures were type Ⅱ in 4 cases and type Ⅲ in 9 cases. Preoperative and postoperative Harris hip score, Barthel index score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were compared. Results The operative time of the 13 patients was (52.08±11.54) min, intraoperative blood loss was (68.8±20.4) mL, intraoperative fluoroscopy was (12.8±2.2) times, and hospital stay was (5.8±1.7) d. The Garden alignment index was used to evaluate the quality of fracture reduction. There were 8 cases of grade Ⅰ and 5 cases of grade Ⅱ. The fracture healing time was (4.0±0.7) weeks. Two cases (15.4%) were complicated with femoral neck shortening (1 mild, 1 moderate), and no concurrent lower limb venous thrombosis was found. The postoperative partial weight-bearing time was (4.1±1.0) weeks, and complete weight-bearing time was (7.2±0.9) weeks. The Harris hip score was 89.46±4.35, Barthel index score was 79.92±22.17, and VAS score was 0.69±0.75 at 6 months after surgery; at 12 months after surgery, the above indicators were 90.77±3.37, 91.31±3.82, and 0.62±0.65, respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before operation (18.08±6.70, 23.38±7.07, and 8.08±1.32) (all P<0.01). Conclusion FNS is effective in the treatment of young and middle-aged patients with PauwelsⅡ-Ⅲ femoral neck fractures. It has the advantages of less trauma, good healing of fracture block and fewer complications.

Abstract:Objective To explore the value of automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast intraductal lesions. Methods A total of 110 patients with breast intraductal diseases who received surgical treatment in our hospital from Aug. 2021 to Mar. 2023 were enrolled. According to the postoperative pathological results, they were divided into malignant lesion group (60 cases) and benign lesion group (50 cases). ABVS and CEUS were performed in both groups before surgery. The differential diagnostic efficacies of the 2 methods alone and in combination for benign and malignant breast intraductal lesions were analyzed. Results The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies in diagnosing benign and malignant breast intraductal lesions were 80.00%, 90.00%, and 84.55% by CEUS alone, and 83.33%, 88.00%, and 85.45% by ABVS alone, respectively. The sensitivity (95.00%) and accuracy (90.00%) of the combined examination were significantly higher than those of the single examination. Conclusion ABVS combined with CEUS can improve the differential diagnostic efficacy of benign and malignant breast intraductal lesions with high sensitivity and accuracy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States, and to analyze the association between clinical features of CKD patients and hyperphosphatemia. Methods Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2018, the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia in adult patients with CKD stratified by survey years and CKD stages was statistically described. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between clinical features of CKD patients and hyperphosphatemia. Results Totally 9 311 adult patients with CKD staged 1-5 were included. The weighted prevalence of hyperphosphatemia was 9.8%. From 1999 to 2004, the weighted prevalence of hyperphosphatemia showed an increasing trend over time, and remained relatively stable from then on to 2012. The weighted prevalence was the highest from 2013 to 2014, and then gradually decreased over time. The weighted prevalence of hyperphosphatemia increased with the progression of CKD stages, which were 7.99%, 8.64%, 11.90%, 21.57%, and 54.66% in the patients with CKD stages 1-2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5, respectively. Men (odds ratio[OR]=0.53), the elder (OR=0.67 for those 65-74 years old and 0.53 for ≥ 75 years old), and patients with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m², OR=0.79) tended to have a lower prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients is increased at the early stage of renal impairment (i.e., CKD 3a). Male, elderly and obese CKD patients tend to have a lower prevalence of hyperphosphatemia.

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