Abstract:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a large number of anti-autoantibodies produced by abnormally activated B cells, which form immune complexes with autoantigens to induce systemic inflammation, leading to the involvement of multiple systems and organs. Existing treatment strategies targeting B cells (such as belimumab, telitacicept, and rituximab) had limited efficacy. Recently, CD19 targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell has shown excellent efficacy in the treatment of SLE. However, autologous CAR-T cell therapy has potential risks such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), T cell tumors, and infections, and it is expensive. CAR-natural killer (NK) cell therapy, on the other hand, is an off-the-shelf cellular therapy with high safety, no neurotoxicity or tumorigenic risk, and with low treatment costs. Currently, CAR-NK cell has achieved remarkable research results in treating hematological malignancies, and preliminary clinical studies of CAR-NK cell therapy for SLE have showed good efficacy, excellent safety, and predictable durability. This article focuses on the characteristics of the new generation of universal CAR-NK cell and the latest clinical research results for the treatment of relapsed and refractory SLE, offering insights into its promising future in the treatment of SLE and B-cell-related autoimmune diseases.

Abstract:With more effective chemotherapy regimens and advances in surgical techniques, conversion therapy for pancreatic cancer has been proposed in recent years to improve the prognosis of patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer and has received widespread attention. Starting from the concept of conversion therapy, this article combines recent research progress and the authors’ experience to discuss the controversial issues in conversion therapy for pancreatic cancer, such as patient selection and evaluation, the selection of conversion regimens, surgical indications and timing of surgery, and explores the application value of conversion therapy in clinical practice, so as to provide evidence-based basis and recommendations for the treatment of patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:Objective To construct a culture system of endometrial organoids for infertility induced by non-immune or immune factors, and to compare the immune cytokines between them. Methods The samples were collected from infertility patients undergoing hysteroscopy in Department of Reproductive Medicine Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University). Endometrial tissues were obtained from patients with infertility caused by non-immune factors (n＝3) and patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) (n＝5). The tissues were embedded in matrix glue for 3D culture after washing, digestion, re-suspension and plate attachment. The growth of endometrial organoids of the 2 groups was observed under inverted microscope; the expression of estrogen receptor, keratin and E-cadherin, which were specific endometrial markers, was detected by immunofluorescence staining; and the cytokines of the 2 groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the differences of cytokines between the 2 groups were observed. Results During the process of in vitro culture of endometrial organoids, the volume of organoids and the number of cells gradually increased. After 7-10 d of culture, the volume of organoids reached a stable state, and the shape gradually became a perfect circle. At the same time, the number of organoids from the infertility patients caused by non-immune factors was more than that from the infertility patients caused by RIF. Immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of endometrial related marker proteins estrogen receptor, keratin and E-cadherin, indicating the successful construction of endometrial organoids. ELISA results showed that the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4 and TNF-α/IL-4 ratio between the 2 groups were significantly different (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1 or IL-17, the ratios of IL-17/TGF-β1, IFN-γ/IL-10 or TNF-α/IL-10 (all P＞0.05). Conclusion Endometrial organoids with proliferative ability from patients with non-immune infertility and RIF have been successfully cultured in vitro, which provides a new model for the basic research of immune infertility.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-ROR in mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and its impact on radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Methods Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE2 were divided into blank group, negative control (NC) group and lncRNA-ROR siliencing group; or were divided into blank group, radiotherapy group, radiotherapy＋NC group, and radiotherapy＋lncRNA-ROR overexpression group (radiotherapy treated with 6 Gy radiation for 24 h). The CNE2 proliferation was detected by cell counting kit 8 method. The cell migration was detected by cell scratch test and Transwell cell migration test. The apoptosis ratio was detected by flow cytometry, and the apoptosis-related proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the blank group and NC group, the proliferation ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE2 was decreased after inhibition of lncRNA-ROR expression for 48 and 72 h (all P＜0.05). The mobility of CNE2 cells after lncRNA-ROR expression inhibition was lower than that in the NC group (P＜0.05). The migration ability of CNE2 cells in the radiotherapy＋lncRNA-ROR overexpression group was higher than that in the radiotherapy group and radiotherapy＋NC group (both P＜0.05). Compared with the radiotherapy group and radiotherapy＋NC group, the apoptosis rates of CNE2 cells in the radiotherapy＋lncRNA-ROR overexpression group was decreased (both P＜0.05). After lncRNA-ROR inhibition, the expression of activated caspase 3 and caspase 9 proteins was increased (both P＜0.05), while the expression of activated caspase 3 and caspase 9 proteins was decreased in the radiotherapy＋overexpressed lncRNA-ROR group (both P＜0.05). Inhibition of lncRNA-ROR increased the expression of epithelial marker proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin), and decreased the expression of interstitial marker proteins (N-cadherin, vimentin). The epithelial marker protein expression was decreased and interstitial marker protein expression was increased in CNE2 cells in the radiotherapy＋lncRNA-ROR overexpression group compared with the radiotherapy group and radiotherapy＋NC group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion lncRNA-ROR can affect the radiotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating their proliferation, migration, apoptosis and EMT, and it is a potential target for reversing the radiotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Abstract:Objective To propose a frequency-domain pulse wave prediction model based on fusion attention mechanism, improving the low classification accuracy and poor generalization performance of hypertension time-domain pulse wave classification based on artificial intelligence technology. Methods Firstly, the time-domain pulse wave was transformed into frequency-domain Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficient features to enhance its discriminability. Then, temporal convolutional network and Transformer structures were employed to extract the deep features of pulse waves, and self-attention mechanism and selective kernel attention were combined for decision fusion to extract relevant features. Floodings regularization method was used to indirectly control the training loss and prevent overfitting. A 5-fold cross-verification experiment was conducted based on 527 clinical pulse diagnosis data provided by Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital. Additionally, the extreme gradient boosting algorithm was employed to calculate the contribution rate ranking of frequency-domain pulse wave features, and the key factors affecting the classification accuracy of the model were analyzed to provide reference for the clinical auxiliary diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine. Results The evaluation metrics accuracy, F1 score, precision, recall rate and area under curve value of the model proposed in this study were 0.939 6, 0.924 9, 0.940 9, 0.929 5, and 0.993 4, respectively. The static characteristics of the pulse wave, the contribution rate of the first-order difference and the second-order difference coefficients were relatively balanced, indicating that the degree of hypertension risk was not only related to the static characteristics of the pulse wave, but also to the dynamic characteristics of the pulse wave. Conclusion The proposed model has higher classification accuracy and generalization performance compared to typical pulse wave classification models.

Abstract:Objective To explore the value of dynamic prediction model based on recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithms for dynamic prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with critical trauma, and to study the feasible construction scheme and path of dynamic strategy and real-time prediction model. Methods The data of this study were derived from the US Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) -Ⅳ 2.0. In order to predict the in-hospital outcomes of critical trauma patients, 2 RNN algorithms, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) were used to train dynamic prediction models under the time windows of 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. The performance of the models was evaluated using the sensitivity, specificity, F1 value and area under curve (AUC) value; and the effects of different RNN algorithms and time windows on the performance of the models were analyzed. Hidden Markov model (HMM), random forest (RF) model and logistic model were trained under 8-h time window as the controls to compare the performances and the time trends horizontally with the 2 RNN algorithm models. Results There were significant differences in the 4 performance indexes of the RNN dynamic models including the sensitivity, specificity, F1 value and AUC value (all P＜0.001), and the performance indexes at 8-h time window were higher than those at 6 h and 4 h; there was only significant difference in specificity between different RNN algorithms (LSTM & GRU) (P＝0.036). The results of the horizontal comparison showed that there were significant differences in each performance index between the 2 RNN prediction models and other models (all P＜0.001), and each index of the 2 RNN algorithm models was higher than those of the HMM, RF model and logistic model. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of each algorithmic model were less than 0.400 for the sensitivity, specificity and F1 value (0 was not included in 95% confidence interval ［CI］), while the ICCs for the AUC value were statistically under-evidenced (0 was included in 95% CI). Conclusion The dynamic models based on RNN algorithms have certain performance advantages over those based on other common algorithms, and the time window may have an impact on the model performance.

Abstract:Objective To explore the impact of adipokine metabolism on coronary microvascular dysfunction (MVD) and the clinical application value of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill (STDP). Methods From Sep. 2018 to Dec. 2019, 41 patients with coronary heart disease in Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled and divided into non-MVD group (20 cases) and MVD group (21 cases); 29 MVD patients were randomly divided into basic treatment group (14 cases) and STDP group (15 cases) with basic treatment or additional STDP treatment for 3 months; and the patient’s complaints, blood biochemical indicators, expression levels of plasma inflammatory factors and adipokines were analyzed. A myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was established in male C57BL/6 mice aged 12-14 weeks. Mice were divided into sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group (normal saline gavage), and IR＋STDP group (STDP gavage), with 5 mice in each group. The levels of plasma inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the microvascular occlusion of the heart tissue was measured by thioflavin-S staining, and the differential expression proteins between the IR group and IR＋STDP group were explored by proteomics analysis and verified by Western blotting. Results Compared with the non-MVD group, the MVD group showed a significant increase in plasma leptin level (［9.89±2.42］ μg/L vs ［4.76±1.02］ μg/L, P＜0.01), a significant decrease in adiponectin level (［5.02±1.3］ pg/mL vs ［7.19±1.76］ pg/mL, P＜0.05), and a significant increase in resistin level (［9.20±2.03］ μg/L vs ［5.70±1.32］ μg/L, P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between leptin levels and MVD (r＝0.82 and P＜0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under curve value of plasma leptin was 0.855 (sensitivity 0.714, specificity 0.867, and optimal cutoff value ＞9.395 μg/L). After 3 months of treatment, compared with the basic treatment group, the improvement rates of symptoms of chest distress and chest pain in the STDP group were significantly higher (73.3% ［11/15］ vs 21.4% ［3/14］), and the levels of plasma leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly lower (［11.36±0.54］ μg/L vs ［12.12±0.85］ μg/L, ［3.96±1.76］ pg/mL vs ［8.65±1.29］ pg/mL, ［24.82± 3.07］ ng/mL vs ［32.45±3.32］ ng/mL, all P＜0.05). In animal studies, compared with the IR group, the mice in the IR＋STDP group showed a 45% reduction in no-reflow area (P＜0.01) and a 23% reduction in low-reflow and no-reflow areas (P＜0.05) after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion; the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased (［378.25± 19.66］ pg/mL vs ［457.32±32.01］ pg/mL, ［289.71±47.62］ pg/mL vs ［371.28±41.05］ pg/mL, both P＜0.05). Proteomic analysis showed that the expression levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the cardiac tissue of mice in the IR＋STDP group were significantly lower than those in the IR group. Western blotting results also showed that the expression levels of vWF and ICAM-1 in the IR＋STDP group were significantly lower than those in the IR group (both P＜0.01). Conclusion MVD patients have abnormal adipokine metabolism and high plasma leptin. STDP can improve clinical symptoms of MVD patients, reduce the plasma leptin level and inflammatory indicators, and the mechanism may be related to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI), so as to provide references for its diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of inpatients diagnosed as DILI in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including basic information, underlying diseases, drug use history, clinical manifestations, laboratory indexes, severity and prognosis of DILI. Results Among 145 patients with DILI, 112 cases (77.24%) were hepatocellular type, 25 cases (17.24%) were cholestatic type, and 8 cases (5.52%) were mixed type. The types of drugs causing DILI mainly included traditional Chinese medicine, proprietary Chinese medicine and anti-infective drugs, and the proportions were 48.72% (76/156), 16.03% (25/156), and 10.26% (16/156), respectively. The common clinical manifestations of DILI patients were jaundice (76.55%), poor appetite (52.41%), and fatigue (49.66%). The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBil), γ-glutamyl transferase and albumin (ALB), as well as the length of hospital stay and severity distribution were significantly different among different types of liver injury (all P＜0.05). The levels of ALT and ALB in the good prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the poor prognosis group, while the levels of TBil and international normalized ratio in the good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group (all P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that INR was an independent predictor of the prognosis of DILI (P＜0.05). Conclusion Serum biochemistry indicators can help to identify the clinical classification and prognosis of DILI. Traditional Chinese medicine, proprietary Chinese medicine and other drugs can cause DILI. Medical staff should pay attention to it and strengthen public health education.

Abstract:Objective To observe the change in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1 year after trauma exposure and analyze the risk factors of PTSD 1 year after trauma exposure. Methods Convenience sampling was conducted at the initial outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic and 1 year later, respectively. Participants participated in the anonymous online survey. The survey consisted of 2 self-completed questionnaires: 1 collected personal information (gender, age, education level, occupation) and subjective sleep quality; the other is the PTSD checklist (PCL-5) from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5^th edition. Valid questionnaires of 2 091 and 2 092 were respectively retrieved at the initial stage of trauma exposure and 1 year later. Results The prevalence of PTSD at the initial stage of trauma exposure was 5.3% (111/2 091) and 1 year after trauma exposure was 19.1% (399/2 092). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (P＜0.01), gender (P＜0.01), and subjective sleep quality (P＜0.01) were risk factors related to PTSD. Conclusions One year after trauma exposure, the prevalence of PTSD increases. Psychological intervention measures should be given at the early stage of trauma exposure, and special attention should be paid to young individuals, women, and those with sleep disorders.

Abstract:Peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL), including peripheral pulmonary nodules, are common lung problems. As the increase of patients with lung nodules, the demand for tissue sampling also increases. Safe and accurate biopsy techniques are very important for patients to identify benign and malignant lesions. Electronic bronchoscopy is one of the biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of PPL in recent decades. Various guiding techniques, such as radial probe endobronchial ultrasound and virtual navigation bronchoscope, have been proved to improve the performance of conventional bronchoscopy. This paper aims to provide an review of the available data on advanced bronchoscopic techniques and explore their application in diagnosing PPL.

Abstract:Pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN) is a category of pancreatic tumors with significant heterogeneity. In recent years, the detection rate of PCN has been increasing, and it has gradually become a concern of clinicians. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can be close to the pancreas for scanning and biopsy, and it has certain advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of PCN. This review mainly summarizes the latest progress of EUS in the diagnosis and treatment of PCN. Cyst fluid molecular markers, such as Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, GNAS complex locus, Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, as well as emerging endoscopic technologies such as EUS-guided needle based confocal laser endomicroscopy and through-the-needle biopsy, have all showed the potential to significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of PCN. EUS-guided ablation is an emerging minimally invasive treatment technique for PCN, with the efficacy and safety of chemical ablation being supported by a substantial amount of research.

Abstract:Cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction (CNIED) is a common complication of prostate cancer surgery or other pelvic surgery, and it can have a negative impact on the patient’s prognosis and quality of life. Traditional treatments can improve the pathological state to a certain extent, but the efficacy is limited. Stem cells have attracted considerable attention for their regenerative potential, and the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in the treatment of CNIED has been evaluated in various preclinical models. Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trials targeting adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are ongoing. However, the long-term efficacy of stem cell therapy is still a question that needs to be considered. This article reviews the current research status of stem cell therapy for CNIED and summarizes and discusses strategies to enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapy.

Abstract:Protein polypeptides are a class of bioactive substances that play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of various functions of the organism. Rapid and accurate detection of their levels could help in the diagnosis of diseases, the monitoring of drug therapy and the research and development of medicines, which is of great significance in the fields of clinical medicine, biology and pharmacy. Conventional protein polypeptides detection methods, such as Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, still have problems like low sensitivity or difficulty in determining more than 1 analyte simultaneously. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has the advantages of specificity, sensitivity and high throughput. However, low ionization efficiency of macromolecules and strong biological matrix effects limit the feasibility of direct detection of protein polypeptides by LC-MS, which has led to the development of signal conversion and amplification strategies based on LC-MS technology. In this review, we summarized the research progress of sample pretreatment methods and signal conversion and amplification strategies for quantification of protein polypeptides in vivo based on LC-MS in recent years, providing a reference for developing specific high-sensitivity detection methods for low-abundance protein polypeptides in complex samples based on LC-MS technology.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in hypovascular renal tumors, and to explore the application value of combining the 2 methods in diagnosing benign and malignant hypovascular renal tumors. Methods The conventional ultrasound and CEUS data of 104 hypovascular renal tumors (76 benign lesions ［benign group］ and 28 malignant lesions ［malignant group］) from 99 patients, who were confirmed by postoperative pathology, biopsy pathology or computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement combined with long-term follow-up in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and its Wuxi Branch from Oct. 13, 2009 to Oct. 26, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The location, size, internal echo, morphology, internal and peripheral blood supply of the lesions were observed by conventional ultrasound, and the perfusion mode, regression pattern, perfusion uniformity and ring enhancement signs were observed by CEUS. Taking the pathological results or confirmed results of CT/MRI enhancement combined with long-term follow-up as the gold standard, the value of conventional ultrasound combined with CEUS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hypovascular renal tumors was analyzed. Results There were significant differences in gender, age of patients and internal echo, contrast agent regression and ring enhancement signs of lesions between the 2 groups (all P＜0.05). The malignant tumors were mostly found in males (78.6%, 22/28) with an average age of (58.29±11.76) years old; the masses were mostly hypoechoic (64.3%, 18/28), and rapid washout was predominant with CEUS (60.7%, 17/28). In the benign group, most of the patients were female (55.3%, 42/76), with an average age of (50.64±14.88) years old; the majority of the masses were hyperechoic (64.5%, 49/76), and CEUS showed simultaneous washout as the main lesion (56.6%, 43/76). Three patients (10.7%, 3/28) with ring enhancement signs were all malignant. The diagnostic accuracy (82.7%) and specificity (88.2%) for benign and malignant hypovascular renal tumors were relatively high when combining the diagnostic indicators of ring enhancement signs and hypoechoic. The diagnostic sensitivity (85.7%) and negative predictive value (92.3%) were relatively high when combining the 3 diagnostic indicators of ring enhancement, hypoechoic, and rapid washout. Conclusion Conventional ultrasound combined with CEUS has significant clinical practical value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hypovascular renal tumors. The ring enhancement sign is highly specific in the diagnosis of malignant hypovascular renal tumors. However, if this sign is not significant and conventional ultrasound shows hypoechoic or CEUS exhibits rapid washout, there is a strong suggestion that the mass may be a malignant lesion.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the oral health status of the first-grade primary school students in Shanghai and analyze its influencing factors. Methods In 2021, Huangpu, Xuhui, Jiading, and Jing’an districts were selected in Shanghai by random sampling method. The first-grade students of 8 primary schools in these 4 districts were enrolled by random cluster sampling. Oral clinical examinations and questionnaires were conducted according to the criteria of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey. EpiData 3.1 software was used to create the database. SPSS 26.0 software was applied for statistical analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare the caries prevalence between groups, and two independent samples non-parametric test was used to compare the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) between groups. Multifactorial logistic regression model was used to analyzse the influencing factors of caries. Results A total of 824 informed consent forms and questionnaires were collected, of which 764 were completed, with an effective rate of 92.7%. The total caries prevalence of the participating students was 65.6% (501/764), and the mean DMFT was 3.24±3.47. A total of 2 473 carious teeth were found in the participating students, and 671 teeth were filled, with a filling rate of 27.1%. There were 7.91±2.76 permanent teeth erupted per student, and 56.3% (430/764) of the students had all 4 first permanent molars erupted. Multivariate logistic regression showed that eating sweets ＞3 times a day (P＝0.030), eating regularly before bedtime (P＝0.001), and parents’ cognition of kids’ poor oral health status (P＝0.025) were the influencing factors for the detection of caries in children. Conclusion The first-grade primary school students in Shanghai have high prevalence of caries. Eating sweets ＞3 times a day, eating regularly before bedtime, and parents’ cognition of kids’ poor oral health status (P＜0.05) are the influencing factors for the detection of caries in children.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between basic motor skills and social interaction ability in school-age children with moderate autism, and the mediating role of executive function and the realization path. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to investigate 117 school-age children with autism from Sep. to Dec. 2020. The level of basic motor skills was assessed by the test of gross motor development (TGMD), the impairment of executive function was assessed by the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF), and the social disorder was assessed by the social responsive scale-second edition (SRS-2). Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the interrelationship, and structural equation modeling was applied to explore the path relationship. Results There was a significant negative correlation between the level of basic motor skills and SRS-2 scores (r＝－0.312, P＜0.001). There were significant negative correlations between the level of basic motor skills and the BRIEF scores of inhibition (r＝－0.336, P＜0.001), switching (r＝－0.325, P＜0.001), affective control (r＝－0.338, P＜0.001), task initiation (r＝－0.240, P＝0.009), working memory (r＝－0.278, P＝0.002), and planning (r＝－0.224, P＝0.015). The SRS-2 score was positively correlated with the BRIEF scores of inhibition (r＝0.378, P＜0.001), switching (r＝0.299, P＝0.001), affective control (r＝0.417, P＜0.001), task initiation (r＝0.246, P＝0.007), working memory (r＝0.409, P＜0.001), and monitoring (r＝0.258, P＝0.005). Executive function played a complete intermediary role between basic motor skills and social interaction ability (B＝－1.912, 95% confidence interval: －3.116 to －1.069). Conclusion In school-age children with moderate autism, executive function and social interaction ability change positively with the level of basic motor skills. Basic motor skills can affect social interaction ability through the mediating role of executive function, and inhibition and affective control are important pathways to achieve this.

Abstract: