Abstract:The rhythmic fluctuations of biological activities with the rotation of the earth for nearly 24 h are called circadian clock. Intestinal flora is a community of microorganisms that live in the gastrointestinal tract of human body, and its balance plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Specific environment changes in the external environments (such as special circadian rhythms in the polar region and high-altitude hypoxia in the plateau region) and changes in lifestyle (such as shift work, insomnia, and flights across time zones) can adversely affect circadian rhythms and lead to disruption of the circadian clock and intestinal flora. The synergistic effects of circadian clock disruption and dysbiosis further lead to an imbalance of homeostasis of body internal environment, which increases the risk of metabolic disorders. Elucidating the changes of circadian clock and intestinal flora in special environments may provide new ideas for the maintenance of circadian rhythms and homeostasis in special environments.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the immunological mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription in the treatment of endometriosis (EM). Methods The EM mouse model was established by injecting endometrial fragments of donor mice into the abdominal cavity of recipient mice. EM mice were randomly divided into model group, gestrinone group and Bushen Huoxue prescription group, with 8 mice in each group. The mice in gestrinone group were intragastrically administered with gestrinone suspension (0.325 mg/kg) twice a week, while the mice in Bushen Huoxue prescription group were intragastrically administered with Bushen Huoxue prescription (43.68 g/kg) daily for 28 d. After treatment, the mice were sacrificed. The growth of ectopic lesions in mice was observed by gross specimens and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The degree of abdominal adhesion in mice was scored by Blauer adhesion scoring system. The expression of fibrotic markers in mouse lesions was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The levels of inflammatory factors in mouse peritoneal fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The changes of macrophage polarization and phagocytosis were detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the model group, the volume of ectopic lesions and abdominal adhesion score of EM mice in the Bushen Huoxue prescription group and gestrinone group were significantly decreased (all P＜0.05), the degree of lesion fibrosis was improved, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-12 in peritoneal fluid were significantly decreased (all P＜0.05), the M2/M1 ratio of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased (both P＜0.01), and the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages had no significant change. The above indexes in the Bushen Huoxue prescription group had no significant difference compared with those in the gestrinone group. Conclusion Bushen Huoxue prescription can improve the immune microenvironment by regulating peritoneal macrophages for treating EM in mice.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Yushi Huayu Zhixue prescription (Huayu prescription) combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of adenomyosis (AM). Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was designed and 102 patients with AM admitted to the outpatient department of International Peace Maternal & Child Health Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Dec. 2019 to Dec. 2022 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into Huayu prescription group and placebo group for double-blind clinical trial. The Huayu prescription group was treated with Huayu prescription 1 month after LNG-IUS placement, while the placebo group was treated with placebo 1 month after LNG-IUS placement, and both Huayu prescription and placebo were taken for 3 months. A total of 95 patients completed the follow-up, including 47 in the Huayu prescription group and 48 in the placebo group; and 7 were shed, with a shedding rate of 6.86%. The pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score, uterine spotting days, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, uterine volume, serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) level and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome quantitative score were compared between the 2 groups, and the safety was evaluated. Results After 3 months of treatment, compared with the placebo group, the PBAC score, spotting days, uterine volume, serum CA125 level and TCM syndrome quantitative score of patients in the Huayu prescription group were all decreased (all P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the VAS score of dysmenorrhea (P＞0.05). During the follow-up, no patients in the Huayu prescription group but 2 patients in the placebo group received surgical treatment (including 1 case of laparoscopic hysterectomy and 1 case of laparoscopic adenomyomectomy), and there was no significant difference in the surgical rate between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). Meanwhile, no obvious adverse reactions were found in both groups. Conclusion Huayu prescription can significantly improve the spotting of patients with AM, promote uterine volume reduction, reduce serum CA125 level, and significantly improve the TCM syndrome of AM. It is suggest that AM patients should take Huayu prescription after placing LNG-IUS, so as to reduce the adverse reactions of LNG-IUS.

Abstract:Objective To explore the objective indicators of tongue and pulse manifestations in patients with endometriosis diseases by collecting the data of tongue and pulse manifestations of patients with endometriosis diseases by digital tongue and pulse diagnostic instrument. Methods The endometriosis disease group included 72 patients with endometriosis diseases who were treated in Department of Gynecology (Professor ZHANG Tingting), Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from Jun. 1, 2021 to Sep. 15, 2022. The normal group included 35 healthy adult women recruited by the Physical Examination Center of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results In terms of age, there was no significant difference between the endometriotic disease group and normal group (P＞0.05). In terms of tongue color, the values of zhiCon, zhiASM, zhiENT, zhiMEAN, zhiClrB, zhiClrI, zhiClrLa, zhiClrCb, and zhiClrLb in the endometriosis disease group were significantly different from those in the normal group (all P＜0.05), while there were no significant differences in the values of zhiClrR, zhiClrG, zhiClrS, zhiClrL, zhiClrY, or zhiClrCr between the 2 groups (all P＞0.05). In terms of tongue coating color, the values of taiClrR, taiClrB, taiClrI, taiClrS, taiClrLa, taiClrLb, taiClrCr, and taiClrCb in the endometriosis disease group were significantly different from those in the normal group (all P＜0.05), while there were no significant differences in the values of taiClrG, taiClrL, or taiClrY (all P＞0.05). In terms of texture and thickness of tongue coating, there were no significant differences in the values of perAll, perPart, taiCon, taiASM, taiENT, or taiMEAN between the 2 groups (all P＞0.05). In terms of pulse manifestation, the values of h3, h4, h5, t4, h3/h1, and h4/h1 in the endometriosis disease group were significantly different from those in the normal group (all P＜0.05), while there were no significant differences in the values of h1, t, t1, or t5 (all P＞0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in tongue and pulse indicators between patients with endometriosis diseases and healthy individuals. It can provide objective indicators for further research on the pathogenesis changes and clinical differentiation of endometriosis diseases.

Abstract:Endometriosis (EM) refers to the implantation or growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. The pathological mechanism of EM includes immunoinflammatory changes, oxidative stress, epithelial-stromal transition and neovascularization. EM tends to occur in women of reproductive age and seriously affects the reproductive health and quality of life of patients. At present, it is mainly treated through surgery and long-term drug management. Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine hormone, which has various physiological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation and apoptosis promotion through different signaling pathways. It has attracted much attention in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and nervous system diseases. Recent studies have found that melatonin can also inhibit the development of EM by inhibiting estrogen synthesis and antagonizing angiogenesis, and can effectively relieve pelvic pain. This article reviews the research progress on melatonin in EM in order to provide new ideas for drug therapy of EM.

Abstract:Pain is the most common and severe symptom of endometriosis. However, there is no effective treatment nowadays, and the mechanism of endometriosis pain remains poorly defined. Mast cells are immune cells that can interact with sensory nerves to induce endometriosis pain. Recent studies have shown that mast cells play a vital role in the development of endometriosis pain. This article summarizes the latest research to highlight advances in mast cells involving in endometriosis pain through inflammatory response, angiogenesis, nerve growth, and peripheral and central sensitization, hoping to provide new ideas for the mechanism research and clinical treatment of endometriosis pain.

Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of virtual shopping on cognitive function of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched for literatures on virtual shopping, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive function published from database inception to Sep. 2023. The literatures were screened and the data were extracted in strict accordance with the inclusion criteria, and the Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 12 randomized controlled trials involving 382 patients with mild cognitive impairment were included. Meta analysis showed that compared with traditional cognitive rehabilitation training, virtual shopping could improve the comprehensive cognitive function, executive function, attention and abilities of daily living of patients with mild cognitive impairment (all P＜0.05), but had no significant effects on the memory, language, or visuospatial ability (all P＞0.05). Conclusion Virtual shopping is beneficial for improving the comprehensive cognitive function, executive function, attention and abilities of daily living of patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Abstract:Objective To explore the automated identification and diameter measurement methods for inferior vena cava (IVC) based on clinical ultrasound images of IVC. Methods An automated identification and localization method based on topology and automatic tracking algorithm was proposed. Tracking algorithm was used for identifying and continuously locating to improve the efficiency and accuracy of measurement. Tests were conducted on 18 sets of ultrasound data collected from 18 patients in intensive care unit (ICU), with clinicians’ measurements as the gold standard. Results The recognition accuracy of the automated method was 94.44% (17/18), and the measurement error of IVC diameter was within the range of ±1.96s（s was the standard deviation). The automated method could replace the manual method. Conclusion The proposed IVC automated identification and localization algorithm based on topology and automatic tracking algorithm has high recognition success rate and IVC diameter measurement accuracy. It can assist clinicians in identifying and locating IVC, so as to improve the accuracy of IVC measurement.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the correlation between triglyceride glucose index (TyG) combined with different obesity indexes and new-onset ischemic stroke (IS) in 10 years in prediabetes population in Luzhou, Sichuan through cohort study. Methods A total of 2 551 residents who participated in the epidemiological survey in Luzhou in 2011 and were diagnosed as having prediabetes were enrolled. According to the quartiles of baseline TyG-waist circumference (WC), TyG-waist to height ratio (WtHR), TyG-body mass index (BMI), and TyG-waist to hip ratio (WHR), they were divided into the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th quartiles groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups). The incidence of new-onset IS in each group in 10 years was analyzed. The relationships between TyG-WC, TyG-WtHR, TyG-WHR and new-onset IS were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Among the 2 551 prediabetes subjects enrolled in the study, 123 died of various causes during the 10 years of non-intervention follow-up, with a mortality of 4.8%; 142 had new-onset IS, with an incidence of 5.6%; and 224 had new-onset diabetes mellitus, including 22 also had new-onset IS, accounting for 9.8%. The quartile grouping analyses of TyG-WC and TyG-WtHR showed that the incidence of new-onset IS in prediabetes subjects over 10 years was Q4 group＞Q3 group＞Q2 group＞Q1 group, with significant differences (P＜0.05). The quartile grouping analysis of TyG-BMI showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of new-onset IS (P＞0.05). The quartile grouping analysis of TyG-WHR showed that the incidence of new-onset IS was Q3 group＞Q4 group＞Q2 group＞Q1 group, with significant difference (P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TyG-WtHR was associated with new-onset IS in prediabetes subjects, either without adjusting any variable or after adjusting multiple factors. Conclusion TyG-WtHR is a risk factor of IS in prediabetes individuals. Enhancing management of prediabetes patients with high TyG-WtHR may reduce the risk of IS.

Abstract:Objective To compare the efficacy of percutaneous double external fixators (EF) and EF combined with volar locking plate (VLP) in the treatment of AO C1, C2 and C3 type distal radius fracture (DRF). Methods The data of 108 patients with AO C-type DRF from 2019 to 2022 were reviewed. Fifty-one patients were treated with double EF (a no-bridging cemented-pin frame and a conventional wrist-bridging EF) and 57 patients were treated with EF (a conventional wrist-bridging EF) combined with VLP. The imaging parameters (palmar tilt, radial inclination, radial height, ulnar variance, etc.), wrist motion and grip strength were measured. Wrist pain intensity was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). The whole function of the upper limb was assessed by disability of arm shoulder and hand scale (DASH), the wrist function was evaluated by Mayo wrist score (MWS), and the patient satisfaction was evaluated by short assessment of patient satisfaction (SAPS). The incidence of complications was evaluated according to the patient’s chief complaint and the surgeon’s comprehensive judgement. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, injury cause, AO types or operation time between the 2 groups (all P＞0.05). The time from injury to operation, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay in the double EF group were superior to those in the EF combined with VLP group (all P＜0.001). The patients were followed up for 24 to 33 months. There were no significant differences in palmar tilt, radial inclination, radial height or ulnar variance at the last follow-up (all P＞0.05); the VAS score (P＝0.025) and SAPS score (P＝0.015) in the double EF group were significantly better than those in the EF combined with VLP group. There were no significant differences in the range of motion (flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, pronation or supination), grip strength, MWS or DASH scores between the 2 groups (all P＞0.05). The overall complication rate of the double EF group was 13.73% (7/51), which was lower than that of the EF combined with VLP group (28.07%) (16/57) (P＜0.05). Conclusion Percutaneous double EF is easy to operate and relatively safe, with few complications and satisfactory follow-up results. It can be a treatment option for OA C-type DRF.

Abstract:Thyroid carcinoma is closely related to environmental factors. Gene mutations and molecular biological changes of gland tissue caused by environmental changes are important factors inducing thyroid carcinoma. Although the molecular mechanism of thyroid carcinoma has not been fully elucidated, increasingly specific genetic changes and molecular markers for thyroid carcinoma have been discovered with the development of molecular biology techniques. This article reviews the recent progresses on the etiology, specific molecular markers, diagnosis and targeted therapies of thyroid carcinoma, so as to provide theoretical support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma.

Abstract:With the intelligent development of multimodal medical imaging technology, ultrasound and other diagnostic imaging techniques are increasingly used for quantitative structural and functional assessment of diffuse thyroid diseases. In this paper, the research status and progress of ultrasound imaging quantitative diagnostic techniques for diffuse thyroid lesions were reviewed, including conventional ultrasound techniques (such as 2-dimensional gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound), new ultrasound techniques (such as superb microvascular imaging, 3-dimensional ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, and contrast enhanced ultrasound), and other diagnostic imaging techniques (such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide imaging). By combining multimodal ultrasound imaging techniques, the limitations of single diagnostic means can be overcome, and the quantitative assessment of the structure and function of diffuse thyroid diseases can reduce the limitations of previous subjective and qualitative diagnoses. Comprehensive analysis and quantitative diagnosis of diffuse thyroid diseases can guide the individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) has important significance and great promise in the pathological diagnosis, imaging diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and molecular subtyping of prostate cancer (PCa). This review focuses on the progress of AI for the diagnosis and molecular classification of PCa, and briefly introduces the application of AI in the pathological diagnosis of needle biopsy and Gleason grading, pathological diagnosis and grading after prostatectomy, and prognosis prediction of PCa patients based on pathological sections. For the pathological diagnosis of needle biopsy and Gleason grading, AI has already comparable to general pathologists; for the pathological diagnosis and grading after prostatectomy, AI can accurately grade and classify tumors; and for the prognosis prediction of PCa patients, AI can directly extract relevant prognostic information from pathological tissue sections for prognosis prediction. In addition, AI can also predict gene mutations in PCa patients and suggest the probability of gene mutation by analyzing the pathological sections.

Abstract:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with the principal manifestations as invasive thinking, avoidance, negative emotions and cognition, and increased alertness, is a psychological disorder occurring after traumatic events. Sleep disorders are also considered as one of the core characteristics of PTSD. Previous studies have partly revealed the relationship between PTSD and sleep disorders, but the physiological mechanism of the relationship is still unclear. This article provides an overview of the clinical and physiological characteristics of PTSD and sleep disorders. Based on this, the bidirectional relationship between PTSD and sleep disorders is discussed, and the relevant physiological and brain mechanisms of the relationship between them are further explored. Future research needs to explore the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between PTSD and sleep by exploring the brain regions and neural circuits associated with both PTSD and sleep, providing more information and methods for the prevention and treatment of PTSD and sleep disorders.

Abstract:Objective To establish an inducible knockout mouse model of trafficking protein particle complex subunit 11 (Trappc11). Methods and results LoxP sites were introduced on both sides of exon 3-5 of Trappc11, and then the CRISPR/Cas9 technique was used to establish F0 C57BL/6J mice. The positive F0 generation mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. After that, F0 positive mice were mated with C57BL/6J wild type mice to obtain F1 Trappc11^flox/+ mice. And then, Trappc11^flox/+ mice were mated with UBC-CreERT2 mice, and finally Trappc11 inducible systemic knockout mouse model was obtained after 2 generations. Conclusion The Trappc11 inducible knockout mouse model is established using CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-loxP, providing an important tool for revealing the pathophysiological role of Trappc11 in multi-organ system diseases.

Abstract:Objective To investigate whether VHD prefabricated foot orthoses can reduce the incidence of lower limb overuse injury (LLOI) in naval recruits. Methods Totally 400 recruits who underwent enlistment training were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n＝200) and control group (n＝200). During the enlistment training, the recruits in the intervention group wore VHD prefabricated foot orthoses, while those in the control group did not wear foot orthoses. Questionnaire survey was conducted 1 week later, and the foot orthoses of those recruits with adverse events were remoulded. The health data of recruits were collected again by questionnaire survey and physical examination 12 weeks later. The primary outcome was the incidence of LLOI. The secondary outcomes included the type of LLOI, the lost training time due to LLOI, the comfort score of the foot orthoses, and the adverse events. Results There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). A total of 76 cases of LLOI was recorded, including 24 cases (12%) in the intervention group and 52 cases (26%) in the control group. Plantar fasciitis was the most common type of LLOI. The lost training time of the intervention group and the control group were 51 d (2.12 d for each one) and 123 d (2.37 d for each one), respectively. The comfort scores of the foot orthoses at 1 week and 12 weeks were 3.76±1.87 and 2.03±1.74, respectively. The incidences of adverse events in 1 week and 3 months were 18% (36/200) and 5% (10/200), respectively. The most common adverse event was arch pain. Conclusion VHD prefabricated foot orthoses can reduce the incidence of LLOI and lost training time due to LLOI in recruits, with good wearing comfort and less adverse events.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influence of attachment anxiety on subjective well-being of warship officers and soldiers, and reveal the mediating roles of self-esteem and negative emotions between them. Methods A total of 288 warship officers and soldiers were enrolled by convenience sampling method. Adult attachment scale, self-esteem scale, generalized anxiety disorder-7 items scale, patient health questionnaire-9 and Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness were used for questionnaire survey. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the relationships between attachment anxiety, self-esteem, negative emotions and subjective well-being. Results Correlation analysis showed that attachment anxiety, self-esteem, anxiety, depression and subjective well-being were significantly correlated (all P＜0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that attachment anxiety, self-esteem, depression and anxiety could jointly predict 42.4% of subjective well-being. The analysis of chain mediating effect (χ²/df＝0.170, P＝0.844, good fit index [GFI] ＝0.999, adjusted GFI＝0.996, normative fit index [FI] ＝0.999, relative FI＝ 0.997, comparative FI＝1.000, root mean square error of approximation＝0.000) showed that self-esteem and negative emotions played complete chain mediating roles between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being. Conclusion Attachment anxiety of warship officers and soldiers can affect their subjective well-being not only through the mediation of self-esteem and negative emotions, but also through the complete chain mediation of self-esteem and negative emotions.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between coagulation function and peripheral arterial plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 269 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology of our hospital from May to Aug. 2022 were enrolled and divided into carotid plaque group (131 cases) and non-carotid plaque group (138 cases), or lower extremity arterial plaque group (134 cases) and non-lower extremity arterial plaque group (135 cases). General data and coagulation function indexes of the patients between groups were compared. Independent influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with peripheral arterial plaques were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Compared with the non-carotid plaque group, the fibrinogen level was significantly higher in the carotid plaque group (3.15 [2.79, 3.79] g/L vs 2.99 [2.66, 3.42] g/L, P＝0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinogen was an independent risk factor of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (odds ratio＝ 1.338，95% confidence interval 1.061-2.078, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in coagulation function indexes between the lower extremity arterial plaque and non-lower extremity arterial plaque groups (all P＞0.05). Conclusion There are different correlations between peripheral arterial plaques in different parts and coagulation function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; those with carotid plaque have higher fibrinogen level, and fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque after controlling other confounding factors; however, there is no correlation between lower extremity arterial plaque and coagulation function indexes.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the prevalence and related risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Methods Clinical data of 1 537 elderly people (aged≥60 years old) in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area, Shanghai from Aug. 2019 to Sep. 2022 were collected. Demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc.), family history of dementia, cerebrovascular history, and hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging data were collected, and the MCI was tested by the simple mental state scale (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). According to the clinical diagnostic criteria of MCI, the subjects were divided into MCI group and non-MCI group. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups, and the independent risk factors of MCI were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 1 537 subjects, 226 cases (14.70%) were MCI patients and 1 311 cases (85.30%) were non-MCI individuals. Among the 226 patients with MCI, 138 had single domain amnestic MCI, 33 had multiple domain amnestic MCI, 11 had single domain non-amnestic MCI, and 7 had multiple domain non-amnestic MCI. The proportions of male, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, family history of dementia and cerebrovascular disease in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the non-MCI group (all P＜0.05), and the hippocampal atrophy was significantly higher than that in the non-MCI group (P＜0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of dementia, cerebrovascular history and hippocampal atrophy were independent risk factors for MCI in the elderly (all P＜0.05). Totally 214 patients with MCI were followed up to Feb. 2023, of which 20 cases (9.35%) were diagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease and 4 cases (1.87%) as Lewy bodies dementia. Conclusion The prevalence of MCI in the elderly in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area, Shanghai is 14.70%. Family history of dementia, cerebrovascular disease and hippocampal atrophy are independent factors for MCI in the elderly.

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics of response inhibition of military university students during multitasking operation. Methods Repeated measures of ANOVA as well as distribution test were employed to explore how the performance of 127 military university students in Go/No-Go test was affected by simulated driving task. Results The test results of 127 participants showed that there was a interaction between the interference task and the Go trial proportion on the hit rate and false alarm rate, that is, no significant difference was observed between the 60% and 40% of trial proportion without interference task (both P＞0.05), but the hit rate and false alarm rate in the 60% trial proportion condition were significantly higher than those in the 40% trial proportion condition under interference task (both P＜0.01). In addition, significant main effects of interference task were observed on hit rate, false alarm rate, and discrimination index d’ (all P＜0.01), that is, the interference task reduced the hit rate and discrimination, but increased the false alarm rate. Moreover, individual differences existed in the discrimination index d’ changes, and the participants were divided into easily disturbed group (n＝23, 18.11%), undisturbed group (n＝20, 15.75%), and intermediate group (n＝84, 66.14%) by adding or subtracting 1 standard deviation from the mean of the difference. Conclusion The interference tasks increase the psychological load of military university students during multitasking operation, and impair the response inhibition; and individual differences exist in response inhibition.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of asparaginase-loaded sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin supramolecule lipidic nanoparticles (ASLN) in rats and its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of small cell lung cancer cells. Methods ASLN were prepared by a reverse phase evaporation method, and their physicochemical properties, including morphology, particle size, zeta potential, and drug entrapment efficiency, were characterized. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 rats in each group. After intravenous injection of ASLN and free asparaginase (Aase) 2 kU/kg, the activity of Aase in plasma samples was measured at different time points in 48 h, and the activity-time curve was drawn. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software DAS 2.1.1. The cytotoxicity of ASLN on H446 cells was explored by the MTT method. Results ASLN showed a spherical shape with a mean particle size of (321.27±1.42) nm, zeta potential of (－9.31±0.42) mV, and entrapment efficiency of (66.46±1.57) %. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ASLN and Aase were as follows: the area under curve (AUC_{(0-48 h)}) (199.48±2.18) U·mL^－1·h, (57.63±3.89) U·mL^－1·h; the mean residence time (MRT_{(0-48 h)}) (4.40±0.05) h, (2.09±0.07) h; and the peak concentration (C_max) (35.49±1.11) U/mL, (27.58±1.28) U/mL. The relative bioavailability of ASLN to Aase was 325.96%. The cytotoxicity results indicated that ASLN had a proliferation inhibitory effect on H446 cells, and there was a positive correlation between the inhibition rate and the dose. Conclusion ASLN can improve the pharmacokinetics of Aase, enhance the bioavailability of Aase, and inhibit the proliferation of small cell lung cancer cells.

Abstract: