急性大血管闭塞缺血性脑卒中患者超24 h时间窗血管内治疗的疗效观察
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上海申康医院发展中心促进市级医院临床技能与临床创新三年行动计划(SHDC2024CRI037).


Efficacy observation of endovascular treatment for acute large-vessel occlusion ischemic stroke over 24 h after onset
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Supported by Three-year Action Plan to Promote Clinical Skills and Innovation in Municipal Hospitals by Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC2024CRI037).

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    摘要:

    目的 探讨发病超24 h急性大血管闭塞缺血性脑卒中(AIS-LVO)患者血管内治疗的安全性与有效性。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年12月在海军军医大学第一附属医院脑血管病中心接受血管内治疗的发病超24 h的AIS-LVO患者的临床资料,包括基线特征、影像学表现、治疗情况、血管再通程度(改良脑梗死溶栓分级2b、3级为血管成功再通)及预后情况。结果 共纳入患者57例,其中男42例、女15例,年龄为30~84岁。危险因素中,最常见的是高血压病(39例,68.4%),其次为吸烟史24例(42.1%)、糖尿病17例(29.8%)、既往卒中史16例(28.1%)和心房颤动9例(15.8%)。治疗前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分为(12.84±7.04)分,Alberta脑卒中计划早期CT评分为9.00(7.00,10.00)分。血管闭塞部位包括大脑中动脉闭塞27例(47.4%)、颈内动脉闭塞24例(42.1%)、串联病变6例(10.5%)。发病到股动脉穿刺时间为38.30(28.17,53.71)h,股动脉穿刺到血管再通时间为52.00(38.50,92.50)min。手术麻醉方式以全身麻醉居多,占64.9%(37/57)。卒中病因分型以大动脉粥样硬化为主(38例,66.7%),心源性栓塞9例(15.8%),不明原因6例(10.5%),其他明确原因4例(7.0%)。首选机械取栓41例(71.9%),采用球囊扩张/支架成形补救治疗35例(61.4%),其中首选补救措施15例(26.3%)。最终血管成功再通53例(93.0%)。在并发症方面,1例(1.8%)发生症状性颅内出血。90 d预后良好(改良Rankin量表评分为0~2分)率为59.6%(34/57),死亡3例(5.3%)。结论 发病超24 h的AIS-LVO患者接受血管内治疗具有较高的血管再通率,安全性良好,但仍需要随机对照试验进一步验证。

    Abstract:

    Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) over 24 h after onset. Methods The clinical data of AIS-LVO patients who received endovascular treatment in Neurovascular Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including baseline characteristics, imaging findings, treatment, degree of vascular recanalization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade 2b and 3 for successful recanalization) and prognosis. Results A total of 57 patients were included, including 42 males and 15 females, aged from 30 to 84 years old. The most common risk factors were hypertension (39 cases, 68.4%), followed by smoking history (24 cases, 42.1%), diabetes mellitus (17 cases, 29.8%), previous stroke history (16 cases, 28.1%), and atrial fibrillation (9 cases, 15.8%). Before treatment, the National Institutes of Health stroke scale score was 12.84±7.04, and the Alberta Stroke Program early computed tomography score was 9.00 (7.00, 10.00). Vascular occlusion sites included middle cerebral artery occlusion in 27 (47.4%) cases, internal carotid artery occlusion in 24 (42.1%) cases, and tandem lesions in 6 (10.5%) cases. The time from onset to femoral artery puncture was 38.30 (28.17, 53.71) h, and the time from femoral artery puncture to vascular recanalization was 52.00 (38.50, 92.50) min. General anesthesia was the main anesthesia method, accounting for 64.9% (37/57). The etiological types of stroke were mainly large artery atherosclerosis (38 cases, 66.7%), cardiogenic embolism (9 cases, 15.8%), unknown causes (6 cases, 10.5%), and other clear causes (4 cases, 7.0%). Mechanical thrombectomy was the first choice in 41 (71.9%) cases, balloon dilatation/stenting was used in 35 (61.4%) cases, of which 15 (26.3%) cases were the first choice. Finally, 53 (93.0%) cases were recanalized successfully. In terms of complications, 1 (1.8%) case had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. The 90-d prognosis rate was 59.6% (34/57), and 3 (5.3%) cases died. Conclusion Endovascular treatment for AIS-LVO patients over 24 h after onset has high recanalization rate and good safety, but it still needs to be further verified by randomized controlled trials.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-09-22
  • 出版日期: 2025-09-20
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