This article examines and compares the performance evaluation indicator systems of British and American military hospitals, including their hospital system architecture, indicator frameworks, specific indicators, and evaluation methods. To enhance the comparability of indicators, they were categorized into military attributes, service quality efficiency, economic indicators, and growth and development indicators. Based on the comparative analysis of British and American military hospital performance indicator systems, the following suggestions are proposed for the performance evaluation system of public hospitals in China: (1) increasing the indicator diversity and improving the structure of indicators; (2) optimizing indicator reliability throughout the entire process to enhance the scientific ground of the indicator system; and (3) integrating data assets to facilitate joint application of big data.