Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The epidemic has spread to 119 countries worldwide, with approximately 300 000 cases reported globally in 2025. Since Jul. 2025, a CF outbreak has occurred in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China, with over 10 300 confirmed cases reported to date. Whole-genome sequencing has confirmed that the epidemic strain belongs to the East African, Central African, and Southern African genotypes. The WHO has listed CHIKV as a high-priority pathogen, and both basic and clinical studies on CHIKV have gained increasing attention in recent years. This article provides a brief review of the progress in infection and pathogenesis of CHIKV, and prospects the scientific prevention and control of CF epidemic.