Objective To evaluate postoperative recovery and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing robotic, laparoscopic, or open total hysterectomy. Methods A total of 152 patients who underwent total hysterectomy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from May 2022 to May 2024 were enrolled and assigned to robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group (robotic surgery group, 44 cases), traditional laparoscopic surgery group (laparoscopic surgery group, 62 cases), or open surgery group (46 cases) based on the surgical approach. General information, perioperative indexes, and discomfort symptoms 1 month after discharge were collected. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) at 1-month postoperative follow-up. Results There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, education level, work status, or diagnosis of benign or malignant diseases (all P＞0.05). The postoperative hospital stay, time of first ambulation, time of first oral intake, and 24-h pain score in the robotic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the laparoscopic and open surgery groups (all P＜0.01). The incidence of urinary system and digestive system discomfort within 1 month after discharge was significantly lower in the robotic surgery group than in the laparoscopic and open surgery groups, and the incidence of lower abdominal pain was significantly lower in the robotic surgery group than in the open surgery group (all P＜0.01). The scores of SF-36 in each dimension were significantly higher in the robotic surgery group than those in the laparoscopic and open surgery groups 1 month after discharge (all P＜0.01). Conclusion Compared with those undergoing traditional laparoscopic or open total hysterectomy, patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic total hysterectomy demonstrate faster postoperative recovery and better health-related quality of life.