Asthma is essentially a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, and the proposed “gut-lung axis” provides a new idea for exploring its pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. A number of studies have confirmed that gut microbiota dysbiosis may affect the immune-inflammatory response through metabolites, which were involved in the disease process of asthma. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a method that can efficiently reconstruct the gut microbiota of patients. It has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, central nervous system diseases, inflammatory diseases, and so on. Standardized operational protocols have been established. The use of probiotics or prebiotics in treating and preventing asthma and applying FMT in mice models of asthma have pointed the way for new prevention and treatment strategies. This article reviews the relationship between gut microbiota and asthma, and the feasibility of FMT in treating and preventing asthma.