Tuberculosis is still the second leading cause of death from a single source of infection in the world. There is a two-way relationship between tuberculosis and the nutritional status of the body, which affects and causes each other. Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient, most research results show that vitamin D deficiency is common in tuberculosis patients, which is related to lack of sunlight, decreased dietary intake of vitamin D and anti-tuberculosis drug treatment. Low level vitamin D can increase tuberculosis susceptibility to some extent, but the research results are not completely consistent. This paper reviews the nutritional status of vitamin D in tuberculosis patients in recent years, the causes of vitamin D deficiency in tuberculosis patients and the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility of tuberculosis, so as to provide references for further study on the role of vitamin D in tuberculosis prevention and treatment.