Improper diving decompression can desaturate inert gases to form bubbles in the body and may lead to decompression sickness. In the process of decompression sickness, bubbles can directly or indirectly induce changes in platelet activation and coagulation. These abnormal changes play an important role in the rapid onset and continuous injury of decompression sickness. By systematically reviewing the relevant literatures, this article summarizes the effects of diving decompression on platelets, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current prevention and treatment strategies, and outlines future research directions on the relationship between diving decompression and platelets.