Objective To explore the risk factors for obstetric septic shock. Methods The clinical data of 122 obstetric sepsis patients from Jan. 2013 to Apr. 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were assigned to shock group (n＝26) or non-shock group (n＝96) based on whether they progressed to septic shock. Variables including age, body mass index, multiple pregnancy, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, organ dysfunction status, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), neutrophil ratio, platelet count, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate (Lac), and D-dimer were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for obstetric septic shock. The predictive efficacy of these factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The proportions of patients aged ≥35 years, and those with respiratory, cardiac, or central nervous system dysfunction, were significantly higher in the shock group than in the non-shock group, and the SOFA score, WBC, NEU, neutrophil ratio and Lac level were significantly higher in the shock group (all P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased NEU (odds ratio ［OR］＝1.093, 95% confidence interval ［CI］ 1.022-1.169, P＝0.010) and age ≥35 years (OR＝3.433, 95%CI 1.112-10.602, P＝0.032) were independent risk factors for obstetric septic shock. ROC curve analysis showed that NEU had predictive value for obstetric septic shock (area under curve＝0.741, 95%CI 0.634-0.848), with an optimal cut-off value of 17.17×10⁹/L. Conclusion Increased NEU and age ≥35 years are independent risk factors for obstetric septic shock. NEU has predictive value for the development of obstetric septic shock and may serve as an important indicator for clinical assessment and timely treatment.