The traditional view is that the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas are independent and perform separate functions. In recent years, studies have found that pancreatic exocrine and endocrine are closely related in structure and function. Thus, pancreatic exocrine diseases and pancreatic endocrine diseases (mainly diabetes mellitus) interact with each other. Pancreatic exocrine diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer can cause pancreatic diabetes. Diabetic patients are more likely than non-diabetic patients to develop pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, which can lead to pancreatic exocrine disease, further complicating disease management. This article takes pancreatic endocrine diseases and pancreatic exocrine diseases as the main clues, and reviews the latest research progress on the interaction between pancreatic endocrine and exocrine parts and the underlying mechanisms.