Objective To explore the predictive efficacy of composite inflammatory indicators for retinal vein occlusion (RVO), so as to identify inflammatory indicators suitable for RVO prediction. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 105 patients with newly diagnosed RVO (RVO group) in our hospital from Jan. 2020 to Mar. 2025, together with 105 age- and gender-matched non-RVO patients (non-RVO group) during the same period. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the predictive value of inflammatory indicators for RVO, including white blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet distribution width, monocyte count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). The predictive performance of SII and SIRI for RVO was further evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that neutrophil count, NLR, SII, and SIRI were significantly different between 2 groups (all P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SII and SIR as independent risk factors for RVO (odds ratio [OR] ＝1.003, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.000-1.006; OR＝3.986, 95%CI 1.236-12.848). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that SII had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.644 (95%CI 0.570-0.718) for predicting RVO, with a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 42.9%; SIRI had an AUC of 0.608 (95%CI 0.533-0.648), with a sensitivity of 48.6% and a specificity of 70.5%. Conclusion SII and SIRI cannot be used as definitive indicators for identifying RVO risk, but due to their easy detection and low cost, they can serve as auxiliary tools for RVO screening.