Objective To explore the influencing factors of personality resilience among students in a medical university in Shanghai. Methods With stratified random cluster sampling, freshmen and juniors majoring in clinical medicine in a medical university in Shanghai were enrolled. A self-designed general information questionnaire was used to collect basic information and campus-related conditions, and the Lu Guohua's version of psychological resilience scale was used to assess personality resilience. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effects of basic information and campus-related factors (including perceived training intensity, gender, only-child status, and competition experience) on personality resilience. Results A total of 193 valid samples were obtained. The total score of the personality resilience scale was 78.91±14.68 among the 193 college students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female (β= -0.19, P=0.01), perceived training intensity (β=-0.31, P＜0.01), and competition experience (β=-0.17, P=0.02) had negative effects on personality resilience, while only-child status had no significant effect on personality resilience (β=-0.12, P=0.10). The above variables together explained 13% of the variation in the personality resilience. Conclusion Among students of the medical university in Shanghai, personality resilience is affected by gender, perceived training intensity, and competition experience. Perceived training intensity is negatively correlated with personality resilience, suggesting that excessive training loads may paradoxically weaken psychological resilience.