Human organoids, as significant breakthroughs in the life sciences in recent years, are 3-dimensional structures cultured in vitro that simulate the structure and function of human organs. They provide revolutionary tools for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine. However, their rapid development has also given rise to complex ethical challenges, such as concerns about potential consciousness, ethical risks of human-non-human chimeras, and the boundaries of embryo model research. To regulate research practices and balance scientific advancement with ethical oversight, the Bioethics Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee released the Guidelines for the ethical review of human organoid research in Apr. 2025. This article provides a systematic interpretation of the core content and academic significance of the guidelines from the perspectives of terminology definitions, fundamental principles, general and specific requirements, and regulatory mechanisms.