Objective To investigate the research landscape of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer prevention and treatment, and to lay a foundation for future research. Methods Relevant studies on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention and treatment published between 2006 and 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. After data cleaning and removal of duplicate and irrelevant documents, a visualization analysis was conducted using software tools including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R. Results A total of 4 808 publications were included. The annual number of articles increased steadily from 58 in 2006 to 368 in 2024. The United States and China were the major contributing countries in this field, and Professor Garland SM from the University of Melbourne was the most prolific author. Vaccine ranked first in publication output, and the World Health Organization (WHO) was the most productive institution. Research hotspots primarily focused on pathogens and pathogenesis, vaccine technologies and immune responses, as well as public health and cognition. In recent years, research frontiers have shifted from basic virology and clinical trials to practical application-oriented issues such as vaccination coverage, vaccine hesitancy, and accessibility in low- and middle-income settings. Conclusion Since 2006, the overall research output on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention and treatment has steadily increased, with the gradual formation of major research hotspot areas. The field is advancing toward public health practices aimed at global elimination, yet efforts are still needed to translate theoretical knowledge into equitable and accessible interventions and to bridge implementation disparities across regions through deepened international collaboration.