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| 海军某院校学员膳食营养调查与评价 |
| 张东波,周启程,刘文博,陈涛,朱星辰,林宇轩,沈慧,李红霞* |
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(海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军医学系海军营养与食品卫生学教研室, 上海 200433
*通信作者) |
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| 摘要: |
| 目的 了解军校学员食物与营养素摄入、体格发育、能量消耗和体能素质等情况,评估学员膳食营养状况。方法 选择海军某院校预防医学专业本科学员共 46 人作为调查对象,通过膳食调查、体格测量、能量消耗调查、膳食营养问卷调查及体能测试等方式评估学员的热能摄入、营养素摄入及体质情况。结果 46 名军校学员粮食、蔬菜、水果、水产类、奶及奶制品、植物油、菌藻类等食物摄入偏少,畜肉、禽肉类食物摄入过多。学员人均每日能量摄入量为 3 444 kcal(1 kcal=4.184 kJ),大于军标每人每日能量摄入量上限(3 000 kcal),也大于通过 24 h生活观察法计算得到的人均每日能量消耗量(2 656 kcal)。在三大产能营养素中,碳水化合物供能比不足(32.8 %,军标 55 %~65 %),脂肪供能比超标(49.8 %,军标 20 %~30 %),蛋白质供能比稍高(17.4 %,军标 12 %~15 %)。在微量营养素中,磷、钠、铁的摄入量超标,维生素 A 摄入不足。体型超重/肥胖者(13 人, 28.3 %)、体能测试综合成绩不及格者(16 人, 34.8 %)占比较高。问卷调查结果显示,学员平均营养知识得分较低(67.4 分)。结论 学员膳食结构不尽合理,三大产能营养素配比不平衡,微量营养素摄入不均衡,超重者比例偏高。建议减少畜肉、禽肉类食物摄入,减少调味品用量,增加粮食、蔬菜、水果摄入,增加水产类、奶及奶制品类食物供应,并加强合理膳食科普宣传教育。 |
| 关键词: 营养评估 军校学员 膳食调查 体格测量 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20240025 |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-10修订日期：2024-03-21 |
| 基金项目:海军军医大学(第二军医大学) “领航” 军事医学人才项目,海军军医大学(第二军医大学) “远航” 军事医学人才项目. |
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| Investigation and evaluation of dietary nutrition of naval military university students |
| ZHANG Dongbo,ZHOU Qicheng,LIU Wenbo,CHEN Tao,ZHU Xingchen,LIN Yuxuan,SHEN Hui,LI Hongxia* |
(Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To investigate the food and nutrient intake, physical development, energy expenditure, and physical fitness of military university students, and to evaluate their dietary and nutritional status. Methods A total of 46 undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine in a naval college were selected as survey objects. Caloric energy, nutrient intake, and physical condition were investigated by dietary survey, physical measurement, energy expenditure survey, dietary nutrition questionnaire survey, and physical fitness test. Results Among the 46 military university students, the intakes of grains, vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, milk and dairy products, vegetable oil and fungi and algae were insufficient, and the intakes of livestock meat and poultry meat were excessive. The average daily energy intake per student was 3 444 kcal (1 kcal=4.184 kJ), which was higher than the upper limit of daily energy intake per person in military standard (3 000 kcal) and average daily energy consumption per student calculated by 24-h life observation method (2 656 kcal). Among the 3 major productivity nutrients, the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates was insufficient (32.8 %, military standard 55 %- 65 %), the energy supply ratio of fat exceeded the standard (49.8 %, military standard 20 %-30 %), and the protein energy supply ratio was slightly higher (17.4 %, military standard 12 %-15 %). Among the micronutrients, the intakes of phosphorus, sodium and iron exceeded the standard, and the intake of vitamin A was insufficient. The proportions of overweight/obese students (n=13, 28.3 %) and those who failed in physical fitness test (n=16, 34.8 %) were high. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that average score of nutrition knowledge was low (67.4). Conclusion The students' dietary structure is not reasonable, the ratio of the 3 major nutrients is unbalanced, the intake of micronutrients is unbalanced, and the proportion of overweight students is high. It is recommended to reduce the intakes of livestock meat and poultry meat, reduce the use of condiments, increase the intakes of grains, vegetables and fruits, increase the supply of aquatic products and milk and dairy foods, and strengthen the publicity and education of reasonable dietary science. |
| Key words: nutrition assessment military university students dietary surveys physical measurements |
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