| 摘要: |
| 结直肠癌是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，近年来其发病逐渐呈现年轻化趋势。非遗传因素在结直肠癌发生中起着重要作用，例如饮食习惯、生活方式和肠道菌群等。饮食因素与结直肠癌发生具有密切关系，一般认为纤维摄入不足、红肉和加工肉类摄入过多等是导致结直肠癌发生的主要高危因素，蔬菜、水果是有益因素，而钙剂、维生素D、乳制品和不同饮食模式对结直肠癌发生的作用尚有争议。此外，肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、缺乏体育锻炼等问题与结直肠癌风险有一定关联。肠道菌群的失调也被认为与结直肠癌的发生有关。优化饮食习惯、维持健康的生活方式有助于降低结直肠癌的发生风险。非甾体抗炎药、雌激素补充可能对降低结直肠癌风险有益，对某些高风险个体采用药物干预可能是一种有效的预防措施。 |
| 关键词: 结直肠肿瘤 环境因素 饮食因素 肠道菌群 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20240328 |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-15修订日期：2024-11-21 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（82170567，82300627）;国家博士后创新人才支持计划（BX20230482）;上海市自然科学基金面上项目（23ZR1478700）. |
|
| Non-genetic risk factors of colorectal cancer: research progress |
| WEI Jiahui,ZHAO Youdong,ZHANG Huanwei,LI Zhaoshen,ZHAO Shengbing,BAI Yu* |
(Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years, especially among young adults. Non-genetic factors, such as dietary habits, lifestyle and intestinal flora, play an important role in the development of CRC. Dietary factors have a close relationship with CRC development. Insufficient fiber intake and excessive consumption of red and processed meat are generally considered major high-risk factors for CRC, while vegetables and fruits are considered as beneficial factors. The roles of calcium supplements, vitamin D, dairy products, and different dietary patterns in the development of CRC are still controversial. Furthermore, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical exercise are also associated with the risk of CRC. The imbalance of intestinal flora is also believed to be associated with the development of CRC. Optimizing dietary habits and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of CRC. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogen supplementation may have beneficial effects in reducing the risk of CRC. For certain individuals at high risk, pharmacological intervention may serve as an effective preventive measure. |
| Key words: colorectal neoplasms environmental factors dietary factors intestinal flora |
