| 摘要: |
| 目的:观察低压低氧诱导大鼠阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)后大鼠咽部肌肉结构和功能的变化,探讨咽腔重建以及OSAS形成可能的生物力学机制.方法:24只成年SD大鼠,雌雄各半,分为低压低氧诱导雄鼠(A)组、对照雄鼠(B)组、低压低氧诱导雌鼠(C)组、对照雌鼠(D)组,共4组(n=6).低压低氧诱导组(A、C)大鼠每天6 h,连续22 d进入低压氧仓(压力53.9 kPa,氧浓度10％～11.2％),对照组(B、D)不接受低压低氧诱导.低压低氧诱导完成后(实验第23天)处死全部大鼠,行咽肌环张开角、咽肌环内径、咽部组织病理检查.结果:A、B、C、D组大鼠咽肌环张开角分别为:(55±24)°、(15±8)°、(38±20)°、(35±15)°;内径分别为:(0.4±0.2)、(0.2±0.1)、(0.3±0.1)、(0.3±0.1)cm.A组咽肌环张开角、内径较B、C、D组明显增大(P＜0.05),C、D组间无明显区别.光镜下可见:A组咽肌肌纤维肥大、排列紊乱,横纹模糊不清,上皮下组织充血水肿、炎症细胞浸润;C组可见局部横纹不清;B、D组肌纤维排列整齐,上皮下组织无炎症.电镜下可见:A组肌原纤维结构紊乱、肌丝溶解,部分Z带呈锯齿状排列、有断裂消失,肌质网囊状扩张、空泡样变性,肌细胞核轻度固缩;C组可见局部肌丝溶解.结论:22 d间歇性低压低氧诱导可能通过改变咽肌结构和功能,重建咽腔,从而诱导大鼠OSAS形成. |
| 关键词: 低压低氧、睡眠呼吸暂停、阻塞性、咽肌、生物力学 |
| DOI：10.3724/SP.J.1008.2006.00396 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（30370378）. |
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| Structural and functional changes of pharyngeal muscle in rats with altitude hypoxia-induced obstructive sleep apnea syndrome |
| 李兵,赵黎明,王海青,王桂芳,修清玉,LI Bing,ZHAO Li-ming,WANG Hai-qing,WANG Gui-fang,XIU Qing-yu |
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| Abstract: |
| Objective：To observe the changes of structure and function of pharyngeal muscle in SD rats with altitude hypoxia induced obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） , in an attempt to investigate the remodeling of pharyngeal space and the possible biomechanical mechanism of OSAS. Methods： Twenty-four SD rats（ 12 male and 12 female） were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 rats in each group. Rats in group A and B were male and those in group C and D were female. Rats in group A and C were placed in altitude chamber and treated with altitude hypoxia 6 h per day for 22 days. The pressure in the chamber was 53.9 kPa with an oxygen concentration of 10.0%-11.2%. Rats in group B and D, serving as controls, received no treatment. All rats were sacrificed on the 23^rd day. The open-angle and the inside diameter of rats＇ pharyngeal-ring and the pathology of pharyngeal tissues were examined in all rats. Results： The open-angles of rats＇ pharyngeal-ring of group A, B, C and D were （55±24）°, （ 15±8）°, （38±20）°, and （35 ± 15）°, respectively; and the inside diameters of the pharyngeal-ring（cm） were 0.4±0.2, 0.2±0.1, 0.3±0.1, and 0.3±0. 1, respectively. The open-angle and the inside diameter of rats＇ pharyngeal-ring in group A were significantly higher （P〈0.05） than those of group B, C, and D, with no significant difference found between group C and D. Microscopic findings showed that, compared with group B, the muscle fibers of group A were fatter and were arranged disorderly, with unclear transverse striation, dropsical and congestive subcutaneous tissues infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Local unclear transverse striation of muscle fiber was seen in group C; the muscle fibers in group B and D were orderly arranged and no inflammatory cells were seen subcutaneously, Electron microscope showed disarranged muscle fibers with dissolved myofilament, disturbance and disappearance of the Z line in part of muscle fibers, expanded sarcoplasmic reticulum, and slightly condensed muscle cell nuclei. Local myofilament dissolving was found in group C. Conclusion： Twenty-two days＇ intermittent altitude hypoxia can induce OSAS in SD rats through changing the structure and function of pharyngeal muscle and remodeling the pharyngeal space |
| Key words: altitude hypoxia sleep apnea, obstructive pharyngeal muscles biomechanics |
