| 摘要: |
| 地震灾后传染病的流行受基础设施被破坏的程度、地理和气候等自然因素和人为因素的影响。水源污染、病媒密度增加、环境卫生恶劣以及当地及输入性病原体是地震后消化道、虫媒和呼吸道传染病的主要危险因素。灾区防疫工作应针对传染源、传播途径和易感人群等3个关键环节展开。同时应重视过度“消杀灭”对生态环境的破坏。对灾民进行卫生教育和重建当地卫生防疫力量是长期控制疫病的关键。本文以映秀灾区防疫工作为基础，就目前灾后防疫工作存在的问题进行分析，并提出了10条建议，供后期防疫工作借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 地震 疾病暴发流行 预防和控制 生态学 健康教育 |
| DOI：10.3724/SP.J.1008.2008.00720 |
| 投稿时间：2008-06-27修订日期：2008-07-15 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Epidemic prevention after devastating earthquake is a long-lasting task and should be based on scientific evidences |
| CAO Guang-wen |
| (No.2 Epidemic Prevention Team for Earthquake Rescue,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Epidemic of infectious diseases after devastating earthquakes is affected by various factors,including the damage of infrastructure,geographic and climate condition as well as human activity.Pollution of water resources,increase of biological vectors,poor sanitation condition as well as the local or introduced pathogens are the major risk factors for food- or water-borne diseases,vector-borne diseases and air-borne diseases after the earthquake.Prevention and control of infectious diseases in the disaster area should focus on the source of infection,transmission pathway and susceptible population.Meanwhile,attention should be paid on ecological deterioration caused by excessive use of insecticides and disinfectants.Health education to the disaster refugees and rebuilding of local public health infrastructure are the keys for the consistency of epidemic prevention.This article analyzes some possible problems concerning epidemic prevention after the devastating earthquake and proposes 10 suggestions for disease control and prevention during the later period of epidemic prevention. |
| Key words: earthquakes disease outbreaks prevention and control ecology health education |
