| 摘要: |
| 脂肪干细胞（ASCs）是一群来源于脂肪组织的具有多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞，能够分化为骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞等不同胚层的细胞，具有来源广泛、取材方便、损伤小等优势，临床应用前景广阔。近年来，研究发现ASCs本身不表达组织相容性复合体Ⅱ和共刺激分子，具有低免疫原性，为同种异体ASCs的应用提供了可能。此外，ASCs还可通过抑制T淋巴细胞活化、抑制B淋巴细胞凋亡、促进巨噬细胞向免疫调节表型分化等途径发挥免疫调节作用，且在低氧、炎性环境以及低血清培养液中作用稳定。大量研究结果显示，同种异体ASCs在动物实验及临床试验的应用中效果明确，未见严重不良反应的发生，有望在自身免疫性疾病的治疗、改善退化组织功能以及同种异体复合组织移植的免疫耐受诱导中发挥重要作用。本文就ASCs对各类免疫细胞及免疫相关因子的相关机制以及其在自身免疫性疾病、移植排斥反应、组织再生及修复等相关领域的应用研究进行综述。 |
| 关键词: 脂肪干细胞 免疫调节 干细胞移植 免疫治疗 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.0258-879x.2018.12.1370 |
| 投稿时间：2018-05-19修订日期：2018-06-25 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Immunomodulatory effect and clinical application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells |
| GUO Rui,XUE Chun-yu* |
(Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University(Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are a group of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and can differentiate into multiple lineages cells, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipose cells and so on. ASCs have the advantages of abundant source, easy access to materials and low damage in clinical application. Researches discover that ASCs do not express histocompatibility complex (MHC) Ⅱ and costimulatory molecules, and have poor immunogenicity, which provides the possibility for the application of allogenic ASCs. Furthermore, ASCs have immunomodulatory effects on several cytokines through inhibiting T lymphocyte activation, inhibiting B lymphocyte apoptosis, and promoting macrophage differentiation to immunoregulatory phenotype. The roles of ASCs are stable in hypoxia, inflammatory environment and low-serum medium. Considerable literature shows that allogenic ASCs are safe and efficient in animal experiments and clinical trials without severe complications, and they are expected to play important roles in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, improving the function of degenerative tissues and induction of immune tolerance in allograft. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms and the roles of ASCs in autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and tissue regeneration and repair. |
| Key words: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells immunomodulation stem cell transplantation immunotherapy |
