| 摘要: |
| 目的 建立潜水减压病新西兰白兔模型及其评估体系。方法 选取25只新西兰白兔建立潜水减压病模型，采用DWC150型动物实验加压舱模拟潜水，压缩空气加压至500 kPa暴露60 min后，以200 kPa/min匀速减至常压。选取6只正常新西兰白兔置于加压舱内给予常压通气，作为正常对照组。减压出舱后，采用超声检查观察流经右心室的气泡量，对气泡量、后肢功能状态、呼吸功能、肺和脊髓组织病理检查结果进行评分，并检测血常规和凝血功能。结果 采用本减压方案，新西兰白兔减压病的发病率为76%（19/25），死亡率为28%（7/25）。造模后，超声检查发现动物静脉系统内存在大量气泡，且气泡量评分高于正常对照组（Z=-3.702，P=0.002）；新西兰白兔减压病模型的后肢运动功能和呼吸功能发生改变，其Tarlov评分、呼吸功能评分均差于正常对照组（Z=-2.172、-3.702，P均<0.05）；肺湿干质量比较正常对照组增加（t=4.52，P<0.01）。H-E染色结果示，减压后24 h新西兰白兔肺组织可见肺泡腔出血、肺泡间隔增厚，脊髓组织可见空泡样改变。与高气压暴露前比较，减压出舱后6 h、12 h减压病新西兰白兔的白细胞计数均增加（t=3.933、2.838，P=0.003、0.019），减压后1 h红细胞计数、红细胞比容均减少（t=-2.606、-2.481，P=0.031、0.038）；血小板计数呈先降后升的趋势（F=3.024，P=0.039），减压后12 h时与高气压暴露前比较差异有统计学意义（t=2.545，P=0.031）。结论 成功建立了新西兰白兔减压病模型，以及包括行为学、肺和脊髓组织病理学、炎性指标和凝血功能指标在内的减压病模型评估体系。 |
| 关键词: 减压病 兔 动物疾病模型 评估体系 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.0258-879x.2018.12.1323 |
| 投稿时间：2018-08-13修订日期：2018-10-09 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Establishment of a rabbit decompression sickness model and its evaluation system |
| MENG Wen-tao△,QING Long△,YI Hong-jie,XU Wei-gang* |
(Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University(Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
△Co-first authors.
* Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To establish a New Zealand white rabbit model of diving decompression sickness and an evaluating system for the model. Methods Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to a simulated dive in DWC150 animal compression chamber. After 60 min exposure to compressed air at 500 kPa, the pressure inside the chamber was decreased to normal pressure at a constant speed of 200 kPa/min. Six healthy New Zealand white rabbits were ventilated under normal pressure and set as normal control group. After decompression, the amount of gas bubbles flowing through the right ventricle was observed by ultrasonography. The amount of gas bubbles, functional status of hind limbs, respiratory function, and lung and spinal cord pathological examination results were scored, and the blood routine and coagulation function were detected. Results With this decompression program, the incidence of decompression sickness was 76% (19/25) and mortality rate was 28% (7/25). Cardiac ultrasonography showed great amount of gas bubbles in venous system of the rabbits with decompression sickness, and the gas bubble score was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (Z=-3.702, P=0.002). The rabbits with decompression sickness had abnormal hind limb motor function and respiratory function, and the Tarlov score and respiratory function score were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (Z=-2.172 and -3.702, both P<0.05). The rabbits with decompression sickness had significantly higher lung wet/dry dry mass ratio versus the normal control rabbits (t=4.52, P<0.01). H-E staining showed that the rabbits after decompression for 24 h had alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar septum thickening and vacuole-like changes of spinal cord. The white blood cell counts of the rabbits significantly increased at 6 h and 12 h after decompression (t=3.933, 2.838; P=0.003, 0.019), and the red blood cell count and hematocrit significantly decreased at 1 h after decompression (t=-2.606, -2.481; P=0.031, 0.038). After decompression, the platelet count first increased and then decreased, and the difference was significant (F=3.024, P=0.039); and the platelet count at 12 h after decompression was significantly higher than that before decompression (t=2.545, P=0.031). Conclusion We have successfully established a rabbit decompression sickness model and a set of evaluating parameter system considering the overall behavior, histopathology of lung and spinal cord tissues, inflammatory response and coagulation tests. |
| Key words: decompression sickness rabbits animal disease models evaluation system |
