| 摘要: |
| 近年来，海军官兵的心理健康问题受到研究者的普遍关注。本文对2009—2019年有关我国海军官兵心理健康研究的文献进行了梳理，总结了海军官兵心理健康特征、影响海军官兵心理健康的因素及对海军官兵心理健康的干预研究。海军官兵常见的心理问题包括抑郁、焦虑、睡眠问题等；目前关于海军官兵心理健康水平与其他军种比较的研究还有争议；常见的心理健康影响因素包括海军兵种、长远航任务和个人因素，如人格、应对方式、生活事件等；对海军官兵心理健康的干预研究较少。当前海军官兵心理健康研究存在调查规模小、研究结果不统一、研究方法单一、缺少实验研究等问题；未来需要扩大样本规模和兵种多样性，探究心理干预对海军官兵心理健康的促进作用，进一步关注各种军事应激因素对海军官兵心理健康的影响。 |
| 关键词: 海军医学 军事人员 精神卫生 影响因素 心理干预 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.0258-879x.2020.09.1031 |
| 投稿时间：2019-10-24修订日期：2020-06-28 |
| 基金项目:海军重点课程建设项目（20180925），海军院校学科专业重点项目：精神医学（2017），中华医学会教学分会和中国高等教育学会医学教育委员会医学教育研究课题（2018B-N06024）. |
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| Mental health of Chinese naval officers and soldiers: 2009-2019 |
| ZHANG Fan,LIU Wei-zhi* |
(Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, mental health of naval officers and soldiers has attracted wide attention. The present research reviewed literatures on the mental health of naval officers and soldiers from 2009 to 2019, and summarized the characteristics, influencing factors and mental health intervention. The common psychological problems of naval officers and soldiers were depression, anxiety and sleeping problems; the comparative research of mental health level between naval personnel and other military services was still controversial; the branch of the navy, long-term and long-distance navigation as well as personal factors (personality, coping style and life events) influenced their mental health; and only few researches focused on mental health intervention of naval officers and soldiers. The present problems in mental health researches of naval personnel included small scale, inconsistent results, single research method and lack of experimental research. Future studies are needed to expand the sample size and diversity of naval branches, explore the promotion effect of psychological intervention on the mental health, and emphasize to the impact of various military stress factors on the mental health of naval officers and soldiers. |
| Key words: naval medicine military personnel mental health influencing factors mental health intervention |
