| 摘要: |
| 目的 研究不同模拟飞行光环境下不同视力受试者对比度视力的差异，为保障飞行安全提供试验依据。方法 通过测量双眼视力，将24名受试者按照小数视力分为1.0/1.0、0.8/0.8、0.6/0.6和0.4/0.4组，每组6人，分别在模拟日光、迎光、背光、曙暮光和云上光环境下检测100%、80%、60%、40%、20%和10%对比度的视力。运用具有2个重复测量因素的三因素设计方差分析，比较不同光环境对不同视力者对比度视力的影响。结果 光环境、视力和对比度3个因素间存在交互作用（P<0.05）。进一步行两因素交互作用检验，光环境和对比度均与视力间存在交互作用（P均<0.01），而光环境和对比度间不存在交互作用（P>0.05）。在相同对比度下，与日光环境相比，各视力组在曙暮光和云上光的对比度视力下降（P均<0.05）；在80%、60%、40%对比度下，0.6/0.6和0.4/0.4组在迎光环境下的对比度视力低于日光环境（P均<0.05）；在20%、10%对比度下，各视力组在迎光环境下的对比度视力均低于日光环境（P均<0.05）。在相同对比度下，与1.0/1.0组相比，0.6/0.6、0.4/0.4组在5种光环境下的对比度视力均下降（P均<0.05）；在20%、10%对比度下，0.8/0.8组在日光、迎光、曙暮光、云上光环境下的对比度视力均低于1.0/1.0组（P均<0.05）；在相同的光环境和对比度下，0.4/0.4组的对比度视力低于其余视力组（P均<0.05）。结论 光环境、对比度和视力水平对对比度视力的作用相互影响。近视飞行人员在不利光环境（如迎光、云上光和曙暮光）下观察低对比度目标时对比度视力严重下降，对飞行安全构成潜在的威胁，故应重视近视飞行人员的对比度视力检查。 |
| 关键词: 视力 光环境 对比度视力 飞行人员 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20220382 |
| 投稿时间：2022-05-07修订日期：2022-08-29 |
| 基金项目:空军军医大学航空医学提升项目（2020ZTB01）. |
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| Effects of different flight luminous environments on contrast vision of pilots |
| CHEN Jian-zheng1,2,CHEN Tao1,TAN Rong-zhen3,JIANG Chuan1,SU Yu-ting1,ZHANG Zuo-ming1* |
(1. Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China;
2. Department of Aviation Physiological Training, Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China;
3. The Fourth Student Team, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To study the differences in contrast vision of subjects with different visions under different simulated flight luminous environments, so as to provide experimental basis for flight safety. Methods Twenty-four subjects were recruited and divided into 1.0/1.0, 0.8/0.8, 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 (decimal vision) groups by measuring binocular vision, with 6 subjects in each group. Each subject was tested for 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 10% contrast visions in simulated luminous environments of sunlight, facing light, backlight, twilight and on-cloud light. Using a 3-factor design analysis of variance with 2 repeated measurement factors, we compared the effects of different luminous environments on the contrast vision of people with different visions. Results There were interactions among the 3 factors (luminous environment, vision, and contrast) (P<0.05). A further 2-factor interaction test showed that there were interactions between luminous environment and vision and between contrast and vision (both P<0.01), but there was no interaction between luminous environment and contrast (P>0.05). At the same contrast, compared with the sunlight environment, the contrast vision of twilight and on-cloud light was decreased in each vision group (all P<0.05). For 80%, 60% and 40% contrast, the contrast visions of the 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 groups in the facing light environment were lower than those in the sunlight environment (all P<0.05). For the contrast of 20% and 10%, the contrast vision of each vision group in the facing light environment was worse than that in the sunlight environment (all P<0.05). Compared with the 1.0/1.0 group for the same contrast, the contrast visions of the 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 groups were decreased in the 5 simulated luminous environments (all P<0.05). For 20% and 10% contrast, the contrast visions of the 0.8/0.8 group were lower than those of the 1.0/1.0 group in sunlight, facing light, twilight and on-cloud light (all P<0.05). For the same light environment and contrast, the contrast vision of the 0.4/0.4 group was worse than those of the other vision groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of the luminous environment, contrast and vision on contrast visual acuity interact with each other. When myopic flight personnel observe low-contrast targets in unfavorable luminous environments (such as facing light, on-cloud light, and twilight), their contrast vision is severely decreased, posing a potential threat to flight safety. Attention should be paid to the contrast vision examination of myopic flight personnel. |
| Key words: vision luminous environment contrast vision flight personnel |
