| 摘要: |
| 目的 初步探索海军官兵孤独感状况及其影响因素。方法 采用简单整群抽样法，于2022年4月使用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）孤独量表、领悟社会支持量表、人际关系综合诊断量表、自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表、9项患者健康问卷抑郁量表及自编一般人口学问卷对调查对象进行调查。采用Spearman相关和Pearson相关对一般人口学变量和各心理变量进行相关性分析，采用简单线性回归分析和多元线性回归分析探索社会支持、人际关系、自尊、自我效能感、焦虑、抑郁与孤独感之间的关系。结果 发放问卷3 338份，共回收有效问卷3 105份，有效率为93.02%。调查对象中男3 032人（97.65%）、女73人（2.35%），年龄18～55（25.85±5.30）岁。官兵的孤独感得分为20～69（34.04±9.79）分。不同性别和不同年龄组的官兵孤独感差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05），其中女性官兵的孤独感得分高于男性官兵（P＜0.05），26～33岁组官兵的孤独感高于18～25岁组（P＜0.05）。官兵的孤独感与人际关系困扰程度、焦虑和抑郁水平均呈正相关（P均＜0.01），与社会支持程度、自尊水平和自我效能感均呈负相关（P均＜0.01）。人际关系困扰程度、焦虑和抑郁水平均对孤独感有正向预测作用（P均＜0.01），而社会支持程度、自尊水平和自我效能感则均对孤独感有负向预测作用（P均＜ 0.01）。结论 海军官兵中，社会支持、人际关系、自尊、自我效能感、焦虑和抑郁对孤独感有显著影响。 |
| 关键词: 孤独感 领悟社会支持 人际关系 自尊 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20220544 |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-27修订日期：2022-09-02 |
| 基金项目:海军军事训练条件建设计划(TJ2021018). |
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| Analysis of loneliness and its influencing factors in naval officers and soldiers |
| XIONG Ya-ni,ZENG Wen-feng,WANG Jie-ying,WANG Yun-xia* |
(Department of Naval Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To explore the loneliness and its influencing factors in naval officers and soldiers. Methods With simple cluster sampling, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale, perceived social support scale, interpersonal comprehensive diagnostic scale, self-esteem scale, general self-efficacy scale, general anxiety disorder scale 7, patient health questionnaire scale 9 and self-designed demography questionnaire were used to investigate the officers and soldiers in Apr. 2022. Correlations between general demographic variables and psychological variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between social support, interpersonal relationship, self-esteem, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression and loneliness. Results A total of 3 338 questionnaires were distributed and 3 105 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 93.02%. Among the survey subjects, 3 032 (97.65%) were male and 73 (2.35%) were female, aged 18-55 (25.85±5.30) years old. The loneliness score of the officers and soldiers was 20-69 (34.04±9.79). There were significant differences in loneliness in different gender and age groups (bothP＜0.05), among which loneliness of the females was significantly higher than that of the males and loneliness of those aged 26-33 was significantly higher than that of those aged 18-25 (both P＜0.05). The loneliness of officers and soldiers was positively correlated with interpersonal relationship score and anxiety and depression levels (all P＜0.01), and was negatively correlated with perceived social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy (all P＜0.01). Interpersonal relationship score and anxiety and depression levels had significant positive predictive effects on loneliness (all P＜0.01), while the levels of perceived social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy had significant negative predictive effects on loneliness (all P＜0.01). Conclusion Social support, interpersonal relationship, self-esteem, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression have significant impacts on loneliness in naval officers and soldiers. |
| Key words: loneliness perceived social support interpersonal relationship self-esteem |
