| 摘要: |
| 目的 通过对1988－2024年中国老年残疾预防政策文本进行计量分析和文本挖掘，探讨老年残疾预防政策的阶段特征和演变路径，为完善我国老年残疾预防政策体系提供依据。方法 利用CiteSpace 6.3.R1软件和Rost CM6软件对各政策收录平台上的我国老年残疾预防相关政策文本进行计量和文本挖掘分析，包括政策文本发文数量、发布部门、发布形式及政策内容主题变迁等方面。结果 研究纳入政策文本111份，其中专门针对老年残疾预防的政策仅6份，占5.4%。政策发展经历了3个阶段：1988－2005年为残疾人康复与预防体系初步构建阶段，主要关注残疾人康复、社区医疗保障等基础制度建设；2006－2015年为目标导向的老年残疾预防与社会保障强化阶段，特别关注老年人跌倒和慢性病防控及失能老年人补贴制度；2016－2024年为老年残疾预防策略细化与健康服务体系探索整合阶段，政策重点逐步转向残疾预防工作的精细化及其与老年健康服务体系的融合。结论 我国残疾预防政策体系和老龄健康相关政策体系逐步形成，但两者未能有效结合。尽管普适性政策在宣传和社会接受度方面具有优势，但缺乏针对性政策导致老年残疾预防在执行效果上不够理想，出台更具针对性的老年残疾预防政策十分必要。 |
| 关键词: 老年人 残疾 预防 政策 文献计量学 文本挖掘 变迁 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20240653 |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-18修订日期：2024-12-10 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目（21&ZD188），老年长期照护教育部重点实验室项目. |
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| Characteristics and evolution of elderly disability prevention policies in China: based on policy texts from 1988 to 2024 |
| LIU Beixue,ZHOU Xuan,SONG Mingyang,ZHOU Lanshu* |
(Department of Nursing, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University); Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Long-term Care of the Elderly, Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To explore the characteristics and evolution of disability prevention policies for the elderly by quantitative analysis and text-mining analysis of disability prevention policy texts for the elderly in China from 1988 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for improving disability prevention policies for the elderly in China. Methods CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and Rost CM6 software were used for bibliometric and text-mining analyses of policy texts related to the elderly disability prevention in China, such as policy quantity, issuing agencies, formats, and thematic changes. Results A total of 111 policy texts were analyzed, with only 5.4% (6/111) specifically focusing on elderly disability prevention. Policy development had 3 stages: 1988-2005, an initial construction phase for the rehabilitation and prevention system, primarily focused on the establishment of fundamental systems for disability rehabilitation and basic institutional development, such as community security; 2006-2015, a goal-oriented phase enhancing disability prevention and social security, particularly targeting fall prevention, chronic disease control, and subsidies for the elderly with disabilities; and 2016-2024, a phase of refined disability prevention strategies and integration with elderly health services, where the focus has increasingly shifted to precise prevention measures and the alignment of disability prevention with elderly health service systems. Conclusion China’s disability prevention policy system and the policy system related to aging health have gradually formed, but the 2 have not been effectively integrated. While universal policies offer public awareness benefits, the lack of pertinent policies limits elderly disability prevention outcomes. It is necessary to introduce more pertinent elderly disability prevention policies. |
| Key words: aged disability prevention policy bibliometrics text mining evolution |
