| 摘要: |
| 目的了解川渝农村项目县5岁以下儿童生长及保健现状,为制定科学、有效的儿童保健政策及干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用不等概率抽样选取川渝地区6个项目县的54个自然村中5岁以下儿童及其看护人为研究对象,对儿童看护人进行问卷调查并测量家中5岁以下儿童身高(长)和体质量、检测6～35个月龄儿童血红蛋白。对5岁以下儿童生长情况影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果5岁以下儿童看护人1 089人,文化程度小学或初中者占82.1%(894/1 089),2009年家庭人均纯收入中位数为2 500元。家中最小孩子住院分娩率为86.6%(933/1 077),初乳喂养率为96.4%(1 050/1 089),平均断奶月龄(11.6±5.6)个月,过去2周儿童腹泻患病率为19.6%(213/1 089),咳嗽过的儿童有264人(24.2%)。5岁以下儿童1 197人,生长迟缓率、低体质量率和消瘦率分别为17.4%(200/1 152)、4.7%(55/1 173)和2.2%(25/1 148),6～35个月龄儿童低血红蛋白(<110 g/L)检出率为38.4%(272/709),其中男童低体质量率高于女童［5.9%(38/645) vs 3.2%(17/528); χ2=4.638,P=0.031\]、男童消瘦率高于女童\[3.0%(19/634) vs 1.2% (6/514); χ2=4.460,P=0.035\],差异均有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:儿童性别为男、母亲在家分娩和低出生体质量可能是儿童生长水平低下的影响因素。结论川渝农村地区5岁以下儿童看护人的儿童保健认知水平普遍较低,儿童生长发育存在不同程度的滞后和营养不良,应加强儿童保健知识宣传和健康教育工作,提高保健机构服务能力。 |
| 关键词: 婴儿 学龄前(2~5)儿童 儿童保健服务 生长和发育 |
| DOI：10.3724/SP.J.1008.2012.001194 |
| 投稿时间：2012-08-17修订日期：2012-10-27 |
| 基金项目:卫生部与联合国儿童基金会“母子系统保健项目”. |
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| Growth and health care status of children under five years old in project counties of Chongqing and Sichuan |
| LIU Wen-yan1,XU Hong2,TANG Xiao-jun1*,WANG Hong3 |
(1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
2. Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
3. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
*Corresponding author.) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To understand the growth and health care status of children under five years old in project counties of Chongqing and Sichuan, so as to provide evidence for establishing scientific and effective measures for health care of children. Methods The non-probability sampling method was used to select the children under five years old from 54 villages in 6 project counties in Chongqing and Sichuan. The parents were investigated by questionnaire; the height (length) and weight of children were examined; and the hemoglobin of 6-35 months old children was determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors influencing the growth status of children under five years old. Results Totally 1 089 caretakers of children under five years old were investigated; 82.1% (894/1 089)of them had an educational background of primary school or middle school; and the median net per capita income of their family was 2 500 yuan (RMB) in 2009. For the youngest children in the families, the hospital delivery rate was 86.6% (933/1 077), the colostrums feeding rate was 96.4%(1 050/1 089), and the average of weaning months was (11.6±5.6) months. The prevalence of diarrhea of the children was 19.6%(213/1 089) within the past two weeks, and 264 children had cough (24.2%). A total of 1 197 children under five years old were investigated, the rates of stunting, underweight and wasting were 17.4%(200/1 152), 4.7%(55/1 173)and 2.2%(25/1 148), respectively. The underweight rate of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(5.9%\[38/645\] vs 3.2%\[17/528\]; χ2=4.638,P=0.031), and the wasting rate of boys was also significantly higher than that of girls(3.0%\[19/634\] vs 1.2%\[6/514\]; χ2=4.460,P=0.035).The detection rate of low hemoglobin among the 6-35 months old children was 38.4%(272/709). Multiple variable logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, born at home, and low birth weight might be the influence factors on the low growth status of children under five years old. Conclusion The caretakers of children under five years old in rural areas of Chongqing and Sichuan have a low cognitive level on the health care of children, and the children have developmental delay and malnutrition to various extents. Measures should be taken to improve child health care knowledge and health education. |
| Key words: infant child pre(2-5) child health services growth and development |
