| 摘要: |
| 目的 了解戚继光舰首次执行远航任务期间随舰学员的生理和心理状况及其相关性。方法 2017年9月17日至12月7日，戚继光舰首次执行远航任务，在出海航行60 d时对在舰上实习学员进行问卷调查，随机发放问卷150份。问卷收集随舰学员的基本情况，用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、Epworth嗜睡量表（ESS）、疲劳严重度量表（FSS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估其生理和心理状况。结果 回收有效问卷138份，回收率92.0%。30.4%（42/138）的首次远航学员主诉有健康困扰。睡眠质量较差、白天中度以上嗜睡、疲劳水平较高、焦虑、抑郁的学员占比分别为11.6%（16/138）、45.7%（63/138）、40.6%（56/138）、18.1%（25/138）、21.0%（29/138）。有焦虑学员的PSQI（8.40±2.93 vs 6.34±3.10）、ESS（11.12±5.03 vs 8.70±4.53）、FSS（38.84±12.41 vs 31.55±11.20）得分均高于无焦虑学员（P均<0.05）。SAS得分与PSQI、ESS、FSS得分均呈正相关（r=0.301、0.242、0.274，P均<0.01），SDS得分与PSQI、FSS得分均呈正相关（r=0.256、0.209，P均<0.05）。结论 远航随舰学员在出海期间可能会出现睡眠质量差、嗜睡、疲劳、焦虑、抑郁等。心理状况（焦虑、抑郁）与生理状况（睡眠质量、嗜睡、疲劳）密切相关，并对生理状况产生一定影响。应有针对性地开展心理行为训练，提高学员耐受力，从而提高学员的工作效率和战斗能力。 |
| 关键词: 海军医学 海军学员 睡眠 疲劳 精神卫生 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.0258-879x.2018.11.1265 |
| 投稿时间：2018-05-22修订日期：2018-07-05 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（81602734），第二军医大学青年启动基金（2012QN02），第二军医大学教育研究课题（JYC2015016）． |
|
| Sleep quality, fatigue and mental health status of students during first long distance voyage of Qi Ji-guang Warship |
| SUN Hao,WANG Wei-jie,ZENG Wen-feng,SU Tong* |
(Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University(Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To investigate the physiological and psychological status of students during the first long distance voyage of Qi Ji-guang Warship and to explore their correlation. Methods From Sep. 17 to Dec. 7, 2017, Qi Ji-guang Warship was on the first long distance voyage mission. On the 60th day during the voyage, the questionnaire survey was conducted on the students aboard Qi Ji-guang Warship. In all, 150 questionnaires were distributed randomly to respondents. The general information of the students was included in the questionnaire, and the physiological status and psychological status were assessed using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale, Epworth sleeping scale (ESS), fatigue severity scale (FSS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Results A total of 138 valid questionnaires were returned (response rate 92.0%). Forty-two first voyage students (30.4%) complained of health problems. The proportions of the students with poor sleep quality, moderate or excessive daytime sleepiness, high fatigue levels, anxiety and depression were 11.6% (16/138), 45.7% (63/138), 40.6% (56/138), 18.1% (25/138) and 21.0% (29/138), respectively. The PSQI, ESS and FSS scores of the students with anxiety were significantly higher than those of the students without anxiety (8.40±2.93 vs 6.34±3.10, 11.12±5.03 vs 8.70±4.53 and 38.84±12.41 vs 31.55±11.20, all P<0.05). The SAS score was positively correlated with PSQI, ESS and FSS scores (r=0.301, 0.242 and 0.274, all P<0.01). SDS score was positively correlated with PSQI and FSS scores (r=0.256 and 0.209, both P<0.05). Conclusion During long distance voyage, the students aboard have probabilities of poor sleep quality, sleepiness, fatigue, anxiety or depression. Mental status (anxiety and depression) is closely related to physiological status (sleep quality, sleepiness and fatigue), and exerts certain effect on physiological status. Psychological behavior training should be carried out to improve the tolerance, work efficiency and combat ability of students. |
| Key words: naval medicine navy students sleep fatigue mental health |
